The Motive Dynamic of Capitalism: Competition between and within TCC fractions
- Competition between and within the fractions of the TCC is the motive dynamic of capitalism.
- Competition is the inner nature of capital appearing and realized as the interaction of many capitals.
- The presence of is in the sentence indicates that the first is is omitted and that the interpretation is that the omission is due to the presence of the word that before the first is.
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英文邦訳（is~is)について。
次の英文には，is が2つ出てきますが，解釈としては，前者の is の前の that が省略されている，という理解で宜しいでしょうか？ Competition between and within the fractions of the TCC is the motive dynamic of capitalism for competition is “none other than the inner nature of capital appearing and realised as the interaction of many capitals” (Marx, 1973, pp. 650-651).
- jubu
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こんばんは。難しい内容ですね。うまくゆくかわかりませんが、私なりに解釈してみます。 これは、理由を言う接続詞 for の前にカマが書かれていない例なんじゃないでしょうか？単語は何も省略されてない、という説です。ふたつの節が接続詞 for で連結されていて、そのそれぞれの動詞が両方とも is なのじゃありませんか？ 順に訳してみます。 【前半】 Competition between and within the fractions of the TCC is the motive dynamic of capitalism トランスナショナルな資本家階級の、小部分の内部および、小部分相互の間の競争はまさに資本主義の原動力である 【後半】 for competition is “none other than the inner nature of capital appearing and realised as the interaction of many capitals” (Marx, 1973, pp. 650-651). というのも、競争は、「数多くの資本の相互作用としてあらわれ、実現される、資本の内なる性質に他ならない」（マルクス、1973、pp. 650-651）からである。 両方をつなげると、 「トランスナショナルな資本家階級（TCC）の小部分の内部および、小部分の相互の間の競争はまさに資本主義の原動力である、というのも、競争は、『数多くの資本の相互作用としてあらわれ、実現される、資本の内なる性質に他ならない』（マルクス、1973、pp. 650-651）からである。」 私もこういう類いの文章を普段読まないし、背景の知識も乏しいので意味がよくわかりませんが、私なりに噛み砕いてみると、 「国境を越えて活動する資本家階級は、小部分に分かれていて、小部分どうしが互いに競争するし、それぞれの小部分の中でも競争する、そういった競争が原動力になって資本主義が進んでゆくのです、というのは、たくさんの資本があればその相互作用として競争が起こるというのが資本というものが本質的に持っている性質だとマルクスも言っているとおりなのだから」 といった感じでしょうか？勘違いしてなければいいのですが・・。
その他の回答 (3)
- wind-skywind
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最初の is は in の誤植でしょう。 文法を無視した省略などと考えるより十分あり得ることです。
- Nakay702
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＞次の英文には，is が2つ出てきますが，解釈としては，前者の is の前の that が省略されている，という理解で宜しいでしょうか？ ⇒後者のisの前に【, which】を補うという解釈の方法もあり得ると思います。このwhichは「先行文全体を先行詞とする、非制限用法の関係代名詞」という設定です。 Competition between and within the fractions of the TCC is the motive dynamic of capitalism ... , which is “none other than the inner nature of capital ...”. ＝TCC分派の間や内部の競争は…資本主義の原動力であるが、これこそ「他ならぬ…資本の内的本性」である。
- cbm51901
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文の冒頭に入るべき "That (the)" が省略されている、と考えるべきかも知れません。 That (the) competition between and within the fractions of the TCC is the motive dynamic of capitalism for competition(,) is “none other than the inner nature of capital appearing and realised as the interaction of many capitals” (Marx, 1973, pp. 650-651).
関連するQ&A
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The described and attributed strategies of states as owners in the global network of state capital are a first step in this direction: we develop this contribution by distinguishing broadly between state strategies that show a clear interest in financial returns on investment (and thus more adaptation to transnational capitalism), and others that predominantly seek to control the firms they invest their state capital in (and thus carry the potential for a more state-controlled form of global expansion). Our results hence implicate that tackling the question of adaptation or challenge need to be answered at the level of state strategies. 上記英文のラストのOur以下を御訳しください。
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Both Germany and France are preferred destinations of TSOEs. Besides being active transnational owners, the core European countries seem to attract state capital systematically and thus form “hubs” for transnational state investment. ＜This is in line with recent observations that German and French policymakers show high interest and support for overseas SWF investments in their economies as a source of patient capital (and portfolio investment was not even included in the analysis, something that would probably have strengthened the tendency).＞ 上記英文の特に最後のsomething以下が特に良く分かりません。＜＞内をお訳しいただけますようお願い致します。
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In this sense, there is no evidence of the formation of transnational enterprise groups - sets of giant firms whose boards interlock and whose shares are owned in blocs that enable coordinated strategic control over major corporations based in multiple countries. Rather, intercorporate ownership relations, typically emanating from financial institutions and consisting of holdings of considerably less than 5 per cent of share capital, express the cross-penetration of investment and the developing solidarities of a transnational corporate community. The continuing clustering of both directorial and ownership relations on a national basis is consistent with Kogut and Colomer's (2012) findings that the transnational network of interlocking directorates and intercorporate ownership in the 1990s was very strongly a small world ――locally clustered within countries, particularly for the directorial network, with a few key transnational interlocks creating 'short cuts' that shrink the global social space (cf. Carroll 2009). 以上の英文の邦訳をお願い致します。
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Emerging in the late 1970s, the Amsterdam School’s (AS) most distinctive contribution to international political economy was the systematic incorporation of the Marxian concept of capital fractions into the study of international politics. Contending that politics in advanced capitalist countries takes place in a fundamentally transnationalized space in which the distinction between ‘domestic’ and ‘international’ has blurred, it shows how in this space, politics is structured by competing comprehensive concepts of control. 上記英文のContending that以下を御訳し願います。（典拠は，Bob Jessop & Henk Overbeek eds., Transnational Capital and Class Fractions: The Amsterdam School Perspective Reconsidered, Routledge.）
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The contemporary internationalization of state capitalism is a particularly striking development in this respect. For the time being, this appears to have a stabilizing influence on the world economy, since it helps to cement tacit or explicit forms of state-state and state-firm cooperation, which tame the vicissitudes of market fluctuations. 上記英文中，For the time being, this appears to have a stabilizing influence on the world economy, since it helps to cement tacit or explicit forms of state-state and state-firm cooperation， の邦訳は次の通りで宜しいでしょうか？添削をお願いします。 「当面の間，これは世界経済を安定化する影響作用を示すように見える，というのは，それが，国民国家と国家企業の協調に対し暗黙裏の了解，あるいは，その明示的な形態を堅く示す上で役立つからである，」 以上宜しくお願いします。
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この英文はどのように訳せば良いのでしょうか？ 特に”nature of ～”の解釈がよく解らないのですが。 What is the nature of their claim? and, What is the total amount of their claim? if they mentioned it to you. 初歩的な質問かもしれませんが、どなたかご教授下さい。
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But he postulated a change of human nature fostered by communism. It took many generations to prove him wrong. With the exception of a few diehards, none of today’s communist leaders hold to that orthodoxy. In the West, the moral validity of property rights is accepted, or at least acquiesced in, by virtually the whole of the population. This is true even in societies which are disdainful of competition. Attitudes toward property ownership are passed from one generation to the next through family values and education. These attitudes derive from the deepest values governing social interaction that people hold.
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Between 1564 and 1859, the city was the capital of Moldavia; then, between 1859 and 1862, both Iași and Bucharest were de facto capitals of the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. In 1862, when the union of the two principalities was recognized under the name of Romania, the national capital was established in Bucharest. For the loss caused to the city in 1861 by the removal of the seat of government to Bucharest the constituent assembly voted 148,150 lei to be paid in ten annual instalments, but no payment was ever made. During World War I, Iași was the capital of a severely reduced Romania for two years, following the Central Powers' occupation of Bucharest on 6 December 1916. The capital was returned to Bucharest after the defeat of Imperial Germany and its allies in November 1918. In November–December 1918 Iași hosted the Jassy Conference.
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Any rights inhering in an individual, therefore, must be “stolen” from society as a whole. Classical economists led by Adam Smith, a prominent figure of the Enlightenment, in contrast, developed the notion of the marginal contribution of each individual to the production process as the basis of his or her incomes. Implicitly, Smith’s followers argued that Marx’s view was inconsistent with human nature and therefore could not explain economic development. Marx did recognize that acquisitive human nature was not compatible with a collectivized state.
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As noted in Haberly (2011), this state-led global alliance capitalism is a characteristic compromise within industries under tension between the pressure for global integration and consolidation, and the desire of multiple governments to assert sovereignty over a sector seen as strategically important. 以上の英文の以下の試訳の添削をお願いします。 「Haberly (2011)が述べたように，この国家主導的なグローバルな連携で結ばれた資本主義は，グローバルな融合と統合への圧力と，戦略上重要視されている部門に対する支配権を主張する複数の政府の欲求との間の緊張関係下，産業内部での固有の妥協点である。」尚出典は，Daniel Haberly, Dariusz Wójcik (2017), “Earth Incorporated: Centralization and Variegation in the Global Company Network,” Economic Geography, Volume 93, Number 3, pp.240-266.です。
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