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質問

We put a handful of infantrymen with machine guns and one gun onto a train and rush them off to the next station; they take it, make prisoners of the Bolsheviks, pick up few more troops, and so on. This proceeding has, at any rate, the charm of novelty. As the German offensive was ongoing, Trotsky returned to Petrograd. Most of the leadership still preferred continuing the war, even though Russia was in no position to do so, due to the destruction of its army. At this point Lenin intervened to push the Soviet leadership into acceptance of German terms, which by now had become even harsher. He was backed by other senior communists to include Kamenev, Zinoviev, and Stalin.
After a stormy session of Lenin's ruling council, during which the revolution's leader went so far as to threaten resignation, he obtained a 116 to 85 vote in favour of the new German terms. The vote in the Central Committee was even closer, seven in favour and six against. In the end, Trotsky switched his vote and German terms were accepted; on 3 March, the Bolsheviks signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
On 24 February, one day before the arrival of German troops to Tallinn, the Estonian Salvation Committee declared the independence of Estonia. German occupation authorities refused to recognize the Estonian government and Germans were installed in positions of authority. The Bolshevik capitulation on 3 March only ended the advance along a line from Narva to Northern Ukraine, as with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk the Soviet government gave up all rights to Southern Russia. During the next few months, the southern Central Powers forces advanced over 500 miles further, capturing the whole of Ukraine and some territory beyond.
German operations also continued in the Caucasus and Finland, where Germany assisted the White Finnish forces in the Finnish Civil War. Under the treaty all Russian naval bases in the Baltic except Kronstadt were taken away, and the Russian Black Sea Fleet warships in Odessa were to be disarmed and detained. The Bolsheviks also agreed to the immediate return of 630,000 Austrian prisoners-of-war.
With the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Soviet Russia had given up Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus and Ukraine, enabling those territories to develop independently from Russian influence.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞We put a handful of infantrymen with machine guns and one gun onto a train and rush them off to the next station; they take it, make prisoners of the Bolsheviks, pick up few more troops, and so on. This proceeding has, at any rate, the charm of novelty. As the German offensive was ongoing, Trotsky returned to Petrograd. Most of the leadership still preferred continuing the war, even though Russia was in no position to do so, due to the destruction of its army. At this point Lenin intervened to push the Soviet leadership into acceptance of German terms, which by now had become even harsher.
⇒我々（ホフマン軍）は、機関銃数丁と大砲1門を装備した列車で数人ばかりの歩兵を次の駅まで急行させた。彼らはそれを敢行し、ボルシェビキを囚人にとり、さらに軍隊の捕縛を続けた。とにかく、この進行はこれまでになかった目新しさの魅力がある。ドイツ軍の攻勢が進行していったので、トロツキーはペトログラードに戻った。ロシアは、指導層の多くがまだ戦争続行を望んだが、軍隊の破壊のため、そんな状況にはなかった。この時点でレーニンが介入して、ソビエト連邦の指導層を、もはや一層厳しくなったドイツ軍の条件受容に駆り立てた。

＞He was backed by other senior communists to include Kamenev, Zinoviev, and Stalin.
After a stormy session of Lenin's ruling council, during which the revolution's leader went so far as to threaten resignation, he obtained a 116 to 85 vote in favour of the new German terms. The vote in the Central Committee was even closer, seven in favour and six against. In the end, Trotsky switched his vote and German terms were accepted; on 3 March, the Bolsheviks signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
⇒彼は、他の老練共産主義者によって引き戻され、そこにカーメネフ、ジノビエフ、スターリンを加えた。
レーニンの司会する協議会の、荒れる会期中に革命指導者の辞任の恐れが出てきたので、その会期の後に新しいドイツ軍の条件を支持し、85票（の対立票）に対して、彼は116票の票数を獲得した。中央委員会では、票数はより接近して、賛成7票、反対6票であった。結局、トロツキーは彼の票を切り替えて、ドイツ軍の条件は受け入れられた。3月3日に、ボルシェビキはブレスト＝リトフスク条約に調印した。

＞On 24 February, one day before the arrival of German troops to Tallinn, the Estonian Salvation Committee declared the independence of Estonia. German occupation authorities refused to recognize the Estonian government and Germans were installed in positions of authority. The Bolshevik capitulation on 3 March only ended the advance along a line from Narva to Northern Ukraine, as with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk the Soviet government gave up all rights to Southern Russia. During the next few months, the southern Central Powers forces advanced over 500 miles further, capturing the whole of Ukraine and some territory beyond.
⇒タリンへのドイツ軍到着の前日、2月24日に、エストニア救済委員会がエストニアの独立を宣言した。ドイツ占領軍当局は、エストニア政府とドイツ人とがともに権限の座に就任する形の容認を断った。3月3日、ボルシェビキの降伏で、ブレスト＝リトフスク条約によってソビエト連邦政府が全権限を南ロシアへ引き渡し、これをもってようやくナルバから北ウクライナへの戦線に沿った進軍が終わった。次の数ヶ月の間に、南方の中央同盟国軍の軍団は500マイルを超えて進軍し、ウクライナの全体とそれを超えてさらに若干の領域を攻略した。

＞German operations also continued in the Caucasus and Finland, where Germany assisted the White Finnish forces in the Finnish Civil War. Under the treaty all Russian naval bases in the Baltic except Kronstadt were taken away, and the Russian Black Sea Fleet warships in Odessa were to be disarmed and detained. The Bolsheviks also agreed to the immediate return of 630,000 Austrian prisoners-of-war.
With the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Soviet Russia had given up Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus and Ukraine, enabling those territories to develop independently from Russian influence.
⇒ドイツ軍の作戦行動はまた、コーカサス山脈とフィンランドでも続いていて、そこではドイツ軍が「フィンランド内乱（南北戦争）」についてホワイトフィンランド軍団を補助した。条約の下、クロンシュタットを除いてバルト海の全ロシア海軍基地が取り除かれて、オデッサのロシア黒海艦隊の軍艦は解除され、足止めされることとなった。ボルシェビキはまた、オーストリア軍の戦争捕虜630,000人の即時帰還に同意した。
ブレスト＝リトフスク条約によって、ソビエト連邦はエストニア、ラトビア、リトアニア、ポーランド、ベラルーシ、およびウクライナを放棄し、それらの領域がロシアの影響から独立して発展することが可能になった。

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