日本語訳：第一次世界大戦における戦闘の進行と被害

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  • 第一次世界大戦において、1917年8月4日から16日の間に行われる予定であった総攻撃は、雨により延期されました。
  • 8月5日、第20（軽）師団が第14軍団の後方予備地域に配置され、ドイツ軍の塹壕を占拠しました。
  • 8月6日、大量の雨のために部隊はずぶ濡れの状態となり、20名の戦死者や負傷者を出しました。
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日本語訳をお願いいたします。

The preliminary operation intended for 2 August, was delayed by rain until 10 August and the general offensive was postponed from 4–16 August. The 20th (Light) Division had been in XIV Corps reserve, for the opening attack on 31 July and replaced the 38th (Welsh) Division on 5 August. The 7th Battalion of the Somerset Light Infantry took over captured German trenches behind the front line on 5 August, which had been turned into the British reserve line and lost three men to shellfire while waiting for dark. On arrival at the support line 500 yd (460 m) forward and the front line another 500 yd (460 m) beyond, the battalion found that the front line was several shell hole posts with muddy bottoms, strung along the Steenbeek from the Langemarck road to the Ypres–Staden railway. British artillery was engaged in destructive bombardments of the German positions opposite and German artillery fire was aimed at the British infantry concentrating for the next attack. After heavy rain all night, the battalion spent 6 August soaked through and had 20 casualties, two men being killed. On 7 August, there were 35 casualties, twelve being killed before the battalion was relieved until 14 August. Training began for the next attack and planning began using trench maps and aerial photographs. Each company formed three platoons, two for the advance, with two rifle sections in the lead and the Lewis-gun sections behind and the third platoon to mop up. Training now emphasised the need for units not held up by German resistance, to "hug" the creeping barrage and form offensive flanks, to assist troops who had been halted by the German defenders, by providing enfilade fire and enveloping German positions, which were to be left and mopped-up by reserve platoons. Every known German position was allocated to a unit of the approximately 470 men left in the battalion, to reduce the risk of German positions going unnoticed and firing at the leading troops from behind. While the Somersets were out of the line, the 10th and 11th battalions of the Rifle Brigade edged forward about 100 yd (91 m) beyond the Steenbeek, which cost the 10th Battalion 215 casualties.

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＞The preliminary operation intended for 2 August, was delayed by rain until 10 August and the general offensive was postponed from 4–16 August. ⇒8月2日に意図していた予備作戦行動は、雨によって8月10日に延期され、総攻撃は8月4－16日に延期された。 ＞The 20th (Light) Division had been in XIV Corps reserve, for the opening attack on 31 July and replaced the 38th (Welsh) Division on 5 August. The 7th Battalion of the Somerset Light Infantry took over captured German trenches behind the front line on 5 August, which had been turned into the British reserve line and lost three men to shellfire while waiting for dark. ⇒第20（軽）師団は、7月31日の攻撃開始のために第XIV予備軍団に配属されていたが、8月5日に第38（ウェールズ）師団と交替した。サマーセット軽歩兵隊の第7大隊は、8月5日に、前線背後にある占拠したドイツ軍の塹壕を引き継ぎ、英国軍の予備戦線に転換したが、そこで日暮れを待つ間、3人の兵士が砲火に会って命を失った。 ＞On arrival at the support line 500 yd (460 m) forward and the front line another 500 yd (460 m) beyond, the battalion found that the front line was several shell hole posts with muddy bottoms, strung along the Steenbeek from the Langemarck road to the Ypres–Staden railway. British artillery was engaged in destructive bombardments of the German positions opposite and German artillery fire was aimed at the British infantry concentrating for the next attack. After heavy rain all night, the battalion spent 6 August soaked through and had 20 casualties, two men being killed. On 7 August, there were 35 casualties, twelve being killed before the battalion was relieved until 14 August. ⇒この大隊が500ヤード（460m）前方にある支援戦線に到着してみると、さらに500ヤード（460m）向こうの前線は、どろどろの地面に砲弾痕の開いた哨戒陣地で、それがシュテーンベークに沿ってランゲマルク道からイープル－シュターデン鉄道までつながっていることが分かった。英国軍の砲兵隊は、対面するドイツ軍陣地からの破壊的な砲撃に抗戦したが、ドイツ軍の砲火砲撃は、次の攻撃のために集結する英国軍歩兵隊に向けられた。一晩中続いた激しい雨の後に、大隊は8月6日をぬかるみに浸って過ごしたので、20人の犠牲者数、うち2人の死亡を被った。8月7日から、大隊が救援を受ける8月14日までには、35人の犠牲者数、うち12人の死亡を被った。 ＞Training began for the next attack and planning began using trench maps and aerial photographs. Each company formed three platoons, two for the advance, with two rifle sections in the lead and the Lewis-gun sections behind and the third platoon to mop up. Training now emphasised the need for units not held up by German resistance, to "hug" the creeping barrage and form offensive flanks, to assist troops who had been halted by the German defenders, by providing enfilade fire and enveloping German positions, which were to be left and mopped-up by reserve platoons. ⇒次の攻撃のために教練が始まり、塹壕の地図や航空写真を使って計画作りが始まった。個々の中隊が、3個ずつの小隊を編成し、そのうちの２個小隊は、先導のライフル隊2班と後方のルイス銃隊数班に分かれ、第3の小隊を一掃（射撃）班とした。今や教練は、ドイツ軍の抵抗によって食い止められないような部隊の必要性を強調した。纏いつく集中砲撃に沿って進み、攻撃の側面隊を編成し、守備隊によって止められた軍隊を援助するために縦射火を提供し、ドイツ軍陣地を囲い込み、予備小隊が彼らをそこから追い出して一掃するためであった。 ＞Every known German position was allocated to a unit of the approximately 470 men left in the battalion, to reduce the risk of German positions going unnoticed and firing at the leading troops from behind. While the Somersets were out of the line, the 10th and 11th battalions of the Rifle Brigade edged forward about 100 yd (91 m) beyond the Steenbeek, which cost the 10th Battalion 215 casualties. ⇒すべての既知のドイツ軍陣地が、大隊に残った約470人の兵士の１個部隊に割り当てられて、気づかれないようにドイツ軍陣地へ出向いて背後から主要な軍隊に発射する際のリスクを減らすようにした。サマーセット隊が戦線を離れている間、ライフル旅団の第10、第11大隊がシュテーンベークの約100ヤード（91m）向こうまでじわじわと進んだが、そこで第10大隊は215人という死傷者数の損失を数えた。

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