The Fascination of Genius
- The 21st century’s fascination with genius surpasses even that of Galton’s Victorian age.
- Genius is an alluring concept that captures the imagination in various fields, from arts and sciences to military and politics.
- The accolade of genius can be bestowed and withdrawn, as exemplified by Damien Hirst’s experience.
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英文についての質問です。
The 21st century is perhaps more fascinated by genius even than Galton's Victorian age, when geniuses like the poet Tennyson "were in full flower", recalled Virginia Woolf, with "long hair, great black hats, capes, and cloaks". Geniuses in the arts and sciences--the focus of this book--such as Leonardo and Newton, grip the imagination of generation after generation. So does the military and political genius of Napoleon, Churchill, and Gandhi, and the "evil genius" of Hitler, Stalin, and Mao. Genius is also a word lavishly applied to top performers in activities as varied as chess, sports, and music. Moreover, the accolade may not only be bestowed but also withdrawn by experts and the public, as the prize-winning and sensationally successful British installation artist Damien Hirst discovered. （以前に投稿していた"Genius"の英文の続きになります。） わからない個所を教えてください。 1）The 21st century is perhaps more fascinated by genius even than Galton's Victorian age, when geniuses like the poet Tennyson "were in full flower", recalled Virginia Woolf, with "long hair, great black hats, capes, and cloaks". when geniuses～のwhen以下は、Galton's Victorian ageを説明したものですか？ "were in full flower"はテニスンの作品か何かでしょうか？ "long hair, great black hats, capes, and cloaks"はヴァージニア・ウルフの風貌？ 2） Moreover, the accolade may not only be bestowed but also withdrawn by experts and the public, as the prize-winning and sensationally successful British installation artist Damien Hirst discovered. ここの、as～Damien Hirst discoveredの個所は、ダミアン・ハーストが見出したとして、と読むのでしょうか？ よろしくお願いいたします。 *この英文の後に以下の英文が続きます。 In response to devastating reviews of his inaugural exhibition of paintings in 2009, Hirst vowed to continue painting and improve. "I don't believe in genius. I believe in freedom. I think anyone can do it. Anyone can be like Rembrandt", Hirst claimed. "With practice, you can make great paintings."
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> 1）The 21st century is perhaps more fascinated by genius even than Galton's Victorian age, when geniuses like the poet Tennyson "were in full flower", recalled Virginia Woolf, with "long hair, great black hats, capes, and cloaks". > when geniuses～ の when 以下は、Galton's Victorian age を説明したものですか？ Francis Galton はヴィクトリア朝時代の天才的な人物のようですね。 → http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Galton 「Galton's Victorian age を説明したもの」 といっていいと思います。 「21世紀はおそらく、テニソンのような天才の全盛期であり、後にヴァージニア・ウルフが "長髪で、大型の黒い帽子とケープや外套を身につけていた" と回想したような、ゴールトンの生きたヴィクトリア朝時代にもまして、天才に魅了されている世紀だ」 といった感じだと思いますから。 > "were in full flower" はテニスンの作品か何かでしょうか？ Tennyson の名前くらいは存じてますが、作品まではとても及びません。ただ、"Vision of Sin" という作品に、ここからの引用なのかどうかは分かりませんが A spacious garden full of flowering weeds, という1行が見つかりました。 → http://www.gutenberg.org/files/8601/8601-h/8601-h.htm > "long hair, great black hats, capes, and cloaks"はヴァージニア・ウルフの風貌？ これは Virginia Woolf の自伝的エッセイ A Sketch of the Past の中に描かれたヴィクトリア朝風の天才の描写からの引用です。 → https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=j49voUBOcGYC&pg=PA36&dq=Woolf+capes&hl=ja&sa=X&ei=I00zVaGmKceA8QWi5YGgDw&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Woolf%20capes&f=false （上記ページの注釈の 29 を参照されたし） > 2) Moreover, the accolade may not only be bestowed but also withdrawn by experts and the public, as the prize-winning and sensationally successful British installation artist Damien Hirst discovered. > ここの、as～Damien Hirst discovered の個所は、ダミアン・ハーストが見出したとして、と読むのでしょうか？ いいと思います。お示しの後の部分を読むと、ダミアン・ハーストは天才というものを認めていないわけで、「天才ならではの仕事 (作品)」 なんてものはないのだというのですから。それを discover という語で表現するのは、私には皮肉が含まれているような感じも受けます。
関連するQ&A
- 英文についての質問です。（2）
投稿した質問の『英文についての質問です。（1）』の続きになります。 When Galton speaks of the heritability of "a man's natural abilities" in his thesis, what he really seems to mean is the heritability of talent, rather than genius. As most psychologists now agree, the evidence for some inheritance of talent is considerable, though nowhere near as convincing as Galton claimed, whilst the evidence for inherited genius is slight or non-existent. (Genius by Andrew Robinson) ： 1）部分的によくわからないところがあります。 the evidence for some inheritance of talent is considerable the evidence for inherited genius is slight or non-existent この二つはどのようなことを言っているのでしょうか？ （ some inheritance of talentとinherited geniusのところがよく掴めません） 2） though nowhere near as convincing as Galton claimedは、 Galtonが主張したほど説得力のあることにはほど遠かったけれども、という意味ですか？ （Galtonほど説得力はなかったが？） よろしくお願いいたします。
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- 英文についての質問です。
That unavoidable imprecision persists, despite a somewhat improved understanding of the ingredients of genius and its patterns during the 20th century. 'I have always been wary of attempts to generalize about genius....There seems to be no common denominator except uncommonness', writes the historian Roy Porter in his foreword to Genius and the Mind, a collection of academic 'studies of creativity and temperament', edited by the psychologist Andrew Steptoe, published in 1998. 'And yet,.... as a historian I cannot help being fascinated by genius.' The imprecision is reflected in the varying stature of those discussed in this book, of whom a mere handful are undisputed geniuses like Mozart and Einstein. There cannot be a consensus on exactly who is, and is not, a genius. Although certain individuals may be widely accepted as geniuses, the world itself resists precise definition. Indeed, this paradox is part of genius's allure--to academics studying genius almost as much as to Dr Johnson's 'every man'. 内容が掴めないところがあります。 1) There seems to be no common denominator except uncommonness 天才の共通点は非凡である、ということのみである、ということですか？ 2）The imprecision is reflected in the varying stature of those discussed in this book, of whom a mere handful are undisputed geniuses like Mozart and Einstein. of whomの文法的な用法がよくわかりません。（なぜof whomを使っているのか。whomの用法がいまいちわかりません） a mere handful are undisputed geniuses like Mozart and Einstein （ほんの一握りなのはモーツァルトやアインシュタインのような議論の余地のない天才たち？） 全体の意味が掴めないのですが、 天才の定義というのは不正確である。この本の中で議論される天才たちの偉業にそのこと（不正確さ）が反映されている？（このあと後半のa mere handful are undisputed geniuses～がどのように意味としてつながるのでしょうか？） thoseはgeniusesですか？ ＊"this paradox"はAlthough certain individuals may be widely accepted as geniuses, the world itself resists precise definition.を指しているのだと思うのですが、なぜこういうパラドックスが起きてしまのかはよくわかりません。 お手数をおかけしてしまいますが、よろしくお願いいたします。
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- 英文についての質問です。
Galton, who coined the phrase 'nature versus nurture', would certainly have disagreed. He was an exceptionally intelligent member of the Darwin family; his maternal grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, was the paternal grandfather of Charles Darwin. It was the publication of his first cousin's book about natural selection, On the Origin of Species, in 1859, which persuaded Galton that high intelligence and genius must be inherited. By ranking the abilities of past and present 'men of eminence'--mainly but not exclusively Englishmen--and searching for the occurrence of eminence in families, Galton hoped to prove his thesis, as set out in the opening words of his introductory chapter: I propose to show in this book that a man's natural abilities are derived by inheritance, under exactly the same limitations as are the form and physical features of the whole organic world. （以前に投稿していた"Genius"の英文の続きになります。） わからない個所を教えてください。 1）Galton, who coined the phrase 'nature versus nurture', would certainly have disagreed. 『氏か育ちか』というフレーズを作ったゴルトンは、確かに人と意見が合わなかったでしょう（？） would have p.p.になっているのは仮定法の表現なのでしょうか？ 2) By ranking the abilities of past and present 'men of eminence'--mainly but not exclusively Englishmen--and searching for the occurrence of eminence in families, Galton hoped to prove his thesis, as set out in the opening words of his introductory chapter: この英文のmainly but not exclusively Englishmenの個所は 「主にもっぱらイギリス人の男性を除いて」と読むのでしょうか？ （but notは～を除いて、ですか？） his thesisとは” high intelligence and genius must be inherited”ですか？ それとも 'nature versus nurture'？ 3）under exactly the same limitations as are the form and physical features of the whole organic world この英文がわかりません。 under exactly the same limitations ---全く同じ限界の下で？ asは文法的にどういう意味で置かれているのでしょうか？ どのように読むのでしょうか？ よろしくお願いいたします。
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- 英文についての質問です。
The scientific study of genius began with the publication in 1869 of Hereditary Genius: An Inquiry into Its Laws and Consequences by Darwin's cousin Francis Galton, the founder of psychology, who conducted detailed research on the backgrounds, lives, and achievements of illustrious individuals and their relatives, deceased and living. But strangely, there is hardly a mention of 'genius' in Galton's book; no attempt is made to define genius; and no entry for 'genius' appears in the book's index( unlike 'intelligence'). When Galton published a second edition in 1892, he regretted his title and wished he could change it to Hereditary Ability. 'There was not the slightest intention on my part to use the word genius in any technical sense, but merely as expressing an ability that was exceptionally high,' he wrote in a new preface. 'There is much that is indefinite in the application of the word genius. It is applied to many a youth by his contemporaries, but more rarely by biographers, who do not always agree among themselves.' この英文の最後の方の内容がよくわかりません。 1）'There is much that is indefinite in the application of the word genius. thatは何を指しているのでしょうか？ （天才という言葉を適応するには不明確なことがたくさんある、と訳したのですがthatの部分がわかりませんでした） 2）It is applied to many a youth by his contemporaries, but more rarely by biographers, who do not always agree among themselves.' それは同世代によるたくさんの若者に適応されているが、しかし伝記作者には滅多に適応されない。彼らは（伝記作者たちは）賛成しない。 hisは誰を指しているのでしょうか？(youth?) among themselvesはどうやって訳すのでしょうか？ rarely=まれに、 more rarely=?（訳語がわかりません） 3）最後の部分の意味がとれないのですが、つまり質問の1）と2）の英文を合わせるとどういうことを言っているのでしょうか？伝記作者は天才という言葉を明確に使っている、ということですか？(It is applied to~のitがよくつかめていない感じです） 英文と質問が長くて申し訳ないです。 お手数ですがよろしくお願いいたします。
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- 英文についての質問です。
To obtain his data on eminence, Galton made the reasonable but problematic assumption that high reputation is an accurate indicator of high ability. He then analysed the records of achievements and honours set out in three printed sources: a leading contemporary biographical handbook, Men of the Time; the obituary of the year 1868 published in The Times newspaper; and obituaries published in England going back into the past. If he were working today, he would no doubt have analysed lists of Nobel prize-winners, too. On this basis, Galton arbitrarily defined an 'eminent' person as someone who had achieved a position attained by only 250 persons in each million, that is one person in every 4,000.(He argued for this number poetically, since 4,000 is perhaps the number of stars visible to the naked eye on the most brilliant of starlit nights--'yet we feel it to be an extraordinary distinction to a star to be accounted as the brightest in the sky'.) An ’illustrious’ person--much rarer than an eminent one --was one in a million, even one in many millions. 'They are men whom the whole intelligent part of the nation mourns when they die; who have, or deserve to have, a public funeral; and who rank in future ages as historical characters.' As already noted, Galton left a 'genius' undefined. (Genius by Andrew Robinson) わからない個所を教えてください。 1）Galton arbitrarily defined an 'eminent' person as someone who had achieved a position attained by only 250 persons in each million, that is one person in every 4,000. ここはどうやって訳すのでしょうか？ ゴルトンは到達された地位を成し遂げたある人として”著名な”人を任意で定義しました、と前半部分は述べているように思うのですが、by only 250～がわかりません。 2）yet we feel it to be an extraordinary distinction to a star to be accounted as the brightest in the sky' itは何を指しているのですか？ to be accounted as the brightest in the skyの部分ですか？ 3) and who rank in future ages as historical characters. 最後の段落にある英文ですが、どのように読むのでしょうか？ 長文になってしまい、申し訳ありません。 よろしくお願いいたします。
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- 英文についての質問です。
Despite his fame and influence, Pablo Picasso's stature as a genius is still debated, for example, as is that of Virginia Woolf in literature. In science, Stephen Hawking, although often regarded by the general public as a contemporary genius comparable with Einstein, is not accepted as such by the physicists who fully understand his work; they regard Hawking as only one of several current luminaries in the field of cosmology. as is that of Virginia Woolf in literatureのthatは何を指しているのでしょうか？ stature as a genius ですか？ as only one of several current luminaries in the field of cosmologyのonly oneの個所は"only one"で"唯一の"の意味よりもonlyは"~に過ぎない"の意味にとって"～の一人に過ぎない"となるのでしょうか？
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- 英文についての質問です。
Among the men of science, he was undoubtedly sufficiently disturbed by Newton's patent lack of intellectual ancestry or descendants to add a lengthy and unconvincing note that attempted to find signs of eminence in Newton's family. Most surprisingly, Galton failed to mention in the book some highly reputed English scientists, including the mathematician George Boole, the chemist John Dalton, the physicist Michael Faraday, the astronomer Edmond Halley, the naturalist John Ray, and the architect Christopher Wren. Faraday, the most celebrated scientist of the Victorian era, was a particularly revealing omission, since, as the son of a humble blacksmith, Faraday and his family could lend no weight to the book's thesis. (Genius by Andrew Robinson) 冒頭と最後の部分について質問があります。 1）Among the men of science, he was undoubtedly sufficiently disturbed by Newton's patent lack of intellectual ancestry or descendants to add a lengthy and unconvincing note that attempted to find signs of eminence in Newton's family. 科学者の中で、彼（ Galton）は疑う余地なくニュートンの知的な祖先もしくは子孫のはっきりした欠乏によって、ニュートンの家族の中で著名な人の兆候を見出そうとした非常に長く、説得力のない記録を加えることを妨げられました？ to add a lengthy and unconvincing noteは「非常に長く、説得力のない記録を加えることを」ですか？（非常に長く、説得力のない記録を加えることを妨げられる、というのはどういう意味なのでしょうか？） 2）Faraday, the most celebrated scientist of the Victorian era, was a particularly revealing omission, since, as the son of a humble blacksmith, Faraday and his family could lend no weight to the book's thesis. since（～ので）はsince Faraday and his family could lend no weight to the book's thesis.とつながると思うのですが、なぜ as the son of a humble blacksmithの前に置かれているのでしょうか？ よろしくお願いいたします。
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- 英文についての質問です。
The word genius has its roots in Roman antiquity; in Latin, genius described the tutelary ( guardian) spirit of a person, place, institution, and so on, which linked these to the forces of fate and the rhythms of time. Like the Greek daimon, the Roman genius followed a man from cradle to grave, as expressed in the poet Horace's lines from the 1st century BC defining genius as: 'the companion which rules the star of our birth, the god of human nature, mortal for each individual, varying in countenance, white and black'. Only genius knows, says Horace, why two brothers can differ entirely in personality and lifestyle. But genius among the Romans had no necessary relationship with ability or exceptional creativity. 1)as expressed in the poet Horace's lines from the 1st century BC defining genius asの個所のas～asは : 'the companion which rules the star of our birth, ～同様に(～のように） expressed in the poet Horace's～である、という意味でしょうか？ 2)'the companion which rules the star of our birth, the god of human nature, mortal for each individual, varying in countenance, white and black'の訳がわからないのですが、 私たちの誕生の星、人間性の神、死ぬべき運命のおのおの個人、表情の変化、白と黒のに従う仲間？ white and black'の意味がとりわけわかりません。 3)Only genius knows, says Horace, why two brothers can differ entirely in personality and lifestyle. ホーレスが言うように天才だけは、なぜ二人の兄弟が完全に性格とライフスタイルにおいて異なることができるのか知っています？ この英文の言っている内容はどういうことなのでしょうか？ たくさんの質問になってしまいましたがよろしくお願いいたします。 ＊Geniusについて書かれた英文です。
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- 英文についての質問です。（1）
Distinguishing talent from genius is inevitable fraught with difficulty, since neither term has a widely agreed definition or method of measurement. The most obvious question to ask is whether talent and genius form a continuum, or are separated by a discontinuity? (Genius by Andrew Robinson) わからない個所について質問があります。 whether talent and genius form a continuum, or are separated by a discontinuity? の個所で言っていることは、 才能と天才は遺伝するのか、ということですか？ form a continuumとare separated by a discontinuity （連続体、不連続体が意味するところがよくわからないのですが） ＊そもそも日本語の意味で「才能」（talent)と「天才」(genius)の違いがわかりにくい感じです。 大変お手数をおかけして申し訳ないですが、よろしくお願いいたします。 尚、段落の全文は Distinguishing talent from genius is inevitable fraught with difficulty, since neither term has a widely agreed definition or method of measurement. The most obvious question to ask is whether talent and genius form a continuum, or are separated by a discontinuity? Put another way, the question becomes: should we speak of greater and lesser geniuses-- instead of simply genius? Physicists generally feel that Einstein is a greater genius than, say, his contemporary Niels Bohr(also a Nobel laureate). Artists feel the same about Picasso, as compared with his contemporary Georges Braque. And the same is true for composers regarding Mozart, as compared with his contemporary (and fervent admire) Joseph Haydn. です。（質問の（1）と次の質問の（2）を合体させたものです）
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- 英語
- 英文についての質問です。（1）
Intriguing though Galton's eminent families are, they decidedly do not demonstrate the inheritance of genius. For there is basic flaw in his analysis: his criteria for genius (which, of course, Galton never defines) are not strict enough, allowing in too many high achievers whose distinction may be considerable but is far from enduringly exceptional. Hereditary Genius is, so to speak, closer to the Queen's honours list than the Nobel prize. (Genius by Andrew Robinson) 1) his criteria for genius (which, of course, Galton never defines) are not strict enough, allowing in too many high achievers whose distinction may be considerable but is far from enduringly exceptional. considerableは"かなりの"という意味ですか？ but is~はbut（distinction) is～ですか？ この英文はnot～but構文なのでしょうか？ 2) Hereditary Genius is, so to speak, closer to the Queen's honours list than the Nobel prize. 遺伝性の天才は、いわばノーベル賞よりも女王の叙爵者一覧に近い（？）とはどういう意味ですか？ よろしくお願いいたします。
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リンクをたくさん付けて頂いて大変丁寧に回答してくださってありがとうございました！ Galtonという人は、多大な功績があったようですが、ほとんど今まで知りませんでした。 ご紹介頂いたサイトにものすごい数のTennysonの作品（詩）が載っていて驚きました。 （"Vision of Sin"も見つかりました。） "long hair, great black hats~"は、Virginia Woolf の自伝的エッセイ A Sketch of the Pastからの引用だったのですね！ 注釈の29に、ちょうどTennysonの名前と"was in full flower"という言葉がありましたが（were in full flowerに近いですが）、何かこの質問の英文の内容と関連があるのかな、とも思いました。 discoverの読み、なるほどです。 ダミアン・ハーストは凡人にも勇気を与える言葉を言いたかったのかも・・と思いました。