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How Playing Music Stimulates the Mind: Lessons from Sherlock Holmes and Albert Einstein
ydnaの回答
#2, #3 です。 一部、誤解を招くようなところがありましたので、補足させて頂きます。 また、少し考え直して、大小の程度ではなく、数の多少で、説明できそうなので、改めます。ごめんなさい。 > these rewards turn out to be much less than what they might have been の、部分です。 rewards が複数形なので、数でも説明がつくのではないかと思い、考え直してみました。 these rewards turn out to be much less rewards than rewards that they might have been と考えました。これなら、rewards (that) = all rewards (that) = all (that) = what と考えられます。 よって、「数が減る」という捉え方ができます。 また、この用法の what は、「全数」を表わしますが、「全部であっても少ない」という意味合いを持っているので、これ以前に出てきた、only の修飾の件と符合します。 よって、how many より、what が的確ということだと思います。 many/much などは、単独では be の後には使いません。これは正しいです。 much less は、rewards が後ろに省略なのですが、省略して１語になると、「単独」ということになり使えません。２語だから使えます。また、１語でも後ろに、than … や、of … （例えば、some of… ) 、関係節などの場合は使えます。数詞（two, three, …) は、主語の数を表わす場合、使えません。では、His son is five (years old). は、なぜ使えるのでしょう。これは、もともと、SVC の C が形容詞だからです。*A week is seven days. は、SVC の C が名詞なので使えません。つまり、This is a pen. のタイプです。単数の時、a を使って数を表わしているようですが、それよりも、不定であることが重要情報です。なぜなら、a がなくても、後ろの名詞が単数形なら、なんとか単数であることは分かります。つまり、このタイプの文は、数量を表わす文ではなく、単数か複数か、不定か定を問題視しているだけです。They are all rewards. は使えます。 よって、直訳は「これらのご褒美は、これまでにあったであろう／もよかったわずかの数よりも、より少なくなってしまう。」 拙訳（意訳）は、「これらのご褒美は、もらった数はわずかかもしれないが、もっと減ってしまうことになるのだ。」 以上、訂正と補足させて頂きました。ごめんなさい。 ★ydna★
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遅ればせながら、回答ありがとうございました。 3度にわたってこの質問にお付き合い頂き、こちらこそ恐縮です。大変参考になりました。助かりました。