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How Playing Music Stimulates the Mind: Lessons from Sherlock Holmes and Albert Einstein
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回答を２回に分けます。 ーーー拙訳（意訳） あの探偵小説の典型的なシーンで、忠実な助手のワトソン医師が階段を上がってくるのを目にする。激情的なバイオリンの音色が彼の耳に届くと、彼は、あの偉大なシャーロックホームズの問題解決力が、取り組んでいる事件で辛酸をなめている最中（さなか）であることに気づくのである。おそらくホームズは、２つのことを同時に処理することが、この話の著者がほのめかすも明確にしない方法で、相乗効果的に、どうにかして上手くかみ合うと確信していた。 アインシュタインもまた、バイオリンの演奏を通じて思考の助けとする方法を見つけていた。彼は特に熟練のバイオリン奏者ではなかっただろう。しかし、そんなことは明らかに重要ではない。「バイオリンを放置している時は、いつも行き詰まってしまって、つまり、仕事上で困難な状況におちいっていました。音楽活動にはよく参加してました。そして、普段は、それで困難な事全てを解決したものです。」と、彼の長男が語っていたことがある。 音楽の形態、美しさ、そして様式で、この２人の天才の頭脳は、ありきたりの思考方法を超えて進歩的な思考タイプに行き着いたのだ。両方のケースで、結果を鮮明に映し出せる彼らの脳は、なぜかリラックスしていて、潜在脳で彼らを導くことができた。音楽演奏が、意識的と無意識的の間に、このような関連性を備えていた。端的に言えば、彼らは、音楽、特にバイオリンに没頭することによって、現実世界の問題を解決していたのだ。アインシュタインは、用心深いバイオリン奏者でもなかったらしい。自らの科学に関する独創力は、このような子どもっぽい好奇心旺盛の性格に直結していると、彼は考えていた。彼の最も有名な理論も、音楽、その形態と関連性によって閃いたと、本人が、しばしば語っていた。 いくつかの身体的動作は、脳を活性化して、連想を生み出し思考を早めるらしい。頭の中の何かを解決しようとする時、私たちは皆、文字通り、じっと座っていることができないという経験をしてきている。うろうろと歩き回ったり、踊ったりする。ほとんど、まるでそういう無意識の動きが自分の考えを前進させるために必要であるかのごとくである。時々、この心と身体（からだ）の関係は少し異なる形で機能する。長距離の歩きや、ボートを漕いで湖を渡ったりしていて、ただ、考えごとを巡らせていたりすると、突然、苦労などせずに、無意識のうちに、何週間も悩まされ続けてきた問題の解法が閃く。個人的には、ピアノ演奏にこの効果があることが分かっている。それは多分、《どの場合も、》両手の独立した動きによって、活性化の直中（ただなか）にある左右の脳と何か関係があるのだ。《とにかく》ピアノの稽古の時に、私はノートを手元に置かなければ。なぜなら、私はあらゆる類いの問題の答えを求めたいらしいのだ。取るに足らない答え（車の鍵をどこに置き忘れたか）から重大な答え（次の10年の人生目標）まで。 この心と身体の調和は、音楽を、どんなレベルでも、大人として奏でる時にだけ見い出せるご褒美のひとつである。皮肉なことに、「アマチュア」という一般的領域で音楽に励んでいる、あまりにも多くの大人たちは、楽器をマスターしたいという願望がごく控えめなので、こういうご褒美のこれまでの可能性を多く失う結果となっている。 矛盾しているのは、音楽を習う大人たちが、最低レベルの願望を持つ場合が多いのに、成果を上げるには、うってつけの立場にいることである。多くの大人たちは、レッスンが保持できるような穏やかな願望、音楽を愛する心、余暇の時間、そして、余分なお金を持ち合わせて、楽器を始める。さらに重要なことは、彼らは、より高い分別と知性を身につけ音楽に取り組むのである。しかし、否定的に自分たちを他の人たち（なんと他でもない、子どもたち）と常に比較したり、１つ１つの聞くに堪えない音に後ろめたさを感じたりしていれば、大人たちは、どれほど学習することができるのだろう？ 退屈な学習法、伝統的な「ノーミス」で学ぼうとする姿勢、そして自分たちが音楽的才能を持っているか自信がないという、そういう稽古の間違った考え方を、これに加えてみれば、心と身体がいくらか麻痺状態にあるのをすぐに自覚してしまう。 アマチュアという言葉さえ、語義の対立がある。フランス語で、言葉の上では「愛好者」の意味である一方、決してあまり上手くならない運命だとなんとなくされている人物、「素人／半可通」という言外の意味を携えることもできる。だれかの作品を素人っぽいと形容することは、褒め言葉ではない。しかし、アマチュアでいることは、幸福感で満たされてるに違いない。ーーー自由な選択、自分がやっていることへの純粋な愛、そして、発見の果てしなき可能性を喜んで受け入れているのだから。 後編に続きます。
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