和訳の要点:北米の学生と中国の学生の写真視覚における違い

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  • 青学生は対象物に注目するのに対し、中国の学生は背景や全体的なシーンに時間をかける
  • これは文化的な違いであり、アジアの学生は他人に注目する必要があるため、全体的な視点を持つ
  • この視覚上の違いは少なくとも2000年前まで遡るものであり、西洋と東洋の文化的な差異に起因する
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和訳

 和訳をお願いします。 良く分からなかった箇所や上手く訳せていなかった部分がありました。( )内も、間違ったものを選択して訳した場合もあるので、お願いします。 スペルには気を付けましたが、もしございましたらすみません。    Shown a photograph, North American students of European background paid more attention to the object in the foreground of a scene, (A) students from China spent more time studying the background and talking in the whole scene, according to researchers at the University of Michigan.  Researchers led by Hannah-Faye Chua and Richard Nisbett tracked the eye movements of the studentsー25 European Americans and 27 native Chineseーto determine where they looked in a picture and how long they focused on a particular area.  “They literally are seeing the world differently,” said Nisbett, with Westerners focusing on objects and Asians talking in more context to view a scene as a whole. He believes the differences are cultural.  “Asians live in more socially complicated world than we do,” he said in an interview. “They have to pay more attention to others than we do. We are individualists.” The key thing in Chinese culture is harmony, Nisbett said, while in the west the sky is finding ways to get things done, (B).  And that, he said, goes back to the ecology and economy of thousands of years ago. In ancient China, farmers developed a system of irrigated agriculture, Nisbett said, in which farmers had to get along (C) each other to share water and make sure no one cheated. This is especially the case in rice farming, he said.  Western attitudes, (D), developed in ancient Greece where more smallholders ran individual farms, operating like individual businessmen. Thus, differences in perception go back at least 2000 years, he said.  He illustrated this by asking Japanese and Americans to look at pictures of underwater scenes and report what they saw.  The Americans would go straight for the brightest or most rapidly moving object, he said, such as three trout swimming. The Japanese were more likely to say they saw a stream, the water was green, there were rocks on bottom and then mention the fish.  The Japanese gave 60 percent more information on the background than the Americans and twice as much about the background-foreground object relationships. (A) 1because 2while 3since 4after (C) 1at 2to 3with 4in (D) 1after all 2once in a while 3on the other hand 4as a whole (B) 1paying much attention to others 2focusing on group welfare rather than their own welfare 3paying less attention to others 4focusing on harmony

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  • sayshe
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回答No.1

<訳例> ミシガン大学の研究者たちによると、写真を示されると、ヨーロッパに家系がある北アメリカ学生は場面の前景の物体により多くの注意を払いました、他方、中国から来た学生は背景を調べて、全体の場面の中で話すことにより多くの時間を費やしました。 ハンナ-フェイ・チュアとリチャード・ニスベットに率いられた研究者たちは、学生たちが、写真のどこを見ていて、特定の場所にどれくらいの時間集中していたかを決定するために―25人のヨーロッパ系のアメリカ人と27人の中国出身者―の学生たちの眼球運動を追跡しました。 「彼らは、文字通り、違った風に世界を見ています」と、ニスベットは言いました、西洋人は物体に集中し、アジア人は全体としての場面を見るためにより多くの前後関係で話していたからです。ニスベットは、その違いは、文化的なものであると思っています。 「アジア人は、我々よりも社会的に複雑な世界に住んでいます」と、彼はあるインタビューにおいて言いました。「彼らは、我々よりも多く他人に注意を払わなければなりません。 我々は、個人主義者です。」中国文化の重要なものは調和です、他方、西洋では、物事を成し遂げる方法を見つけるのに制限がありません、だから、他人にはあまり注意を払いません、とニスベットが言いました。 そして、それは数千年前の生態学や経済にさかのぼると、彼は言いました。古代中国では、農民は灌漑農業のシステムを発達させましたと、ニスベットは言いました。灌漑農業では、農民は水を共有するために互いにうまくやっていかなければならなくて、誰も不正行為をしないことを確認しなければなりませんでした。このことは特に米作には当てはまりますと、彼は言いました。 西洋の態度は、他方、より多くの小規模自作農が個々の農場を運営し、個々のビジネスマンのような動きをする、古代ギリシャで発達しました。このように、認識の違いは、少なくとも2000年さかのぼるのですと、彼は言いました。 日本人とアメリカ人に水中の場面の写真を見て、彼らが見たものを報告するよう頼むことで、彼はこれを説明しました。 アメリカ人は、例えば泳いでいる3匹のマスの様な、最も明るいか最も速く動く物にまっすぐ目が行くと、彼は言いました。日本人は彼らが川の流れを見ていて、水は緑で、岩が底にあったと言い、それから、魚に言及しそうでした。 日本人は、アメリカ人より背景についての情報を60パーセント多く、また、背景-前景の物体の関係については2倍多く伝えました。 <設問> (A) 2. while (C) 3. with (D) 3. on the other hand (B) 3. paying less attention to others

a0itone
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お礼

ご回答、ありがとうございました。 設問の(B)を間違えていました。 写真の話からだんだん話題が広がっていったので、訳するのが難しかったです。 鱒の例のところ等… 助かります。 http://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/7291971.html

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