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- dripdrop
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大意については＃１、＃４の方の言われる通りですが、これらの文章は、ニュートンの生涯のいろいろな出来事を知らないと正確には訳しにくい面があります。以前ニュートンについて調べたことがありますので、歴史的背景を踏まえて訳を考えてみたいと思います。他の方の訳と併せて参考にしていただければ幸いです。 (1)ニュートンは、「（論争で）“ライプニッツを失意のどん底に沈めた”ことにとても満足している」と言ったと伝えられている。 この文章の出所は、「車椅子の物理学者」ホーキングの“A Brief History of Time”で、ホーキングのもとの文章では、 Following the death of Leibniz, Newton is reported to have declared that he took great satisfaction in "breaking Leibniz's heart." となっています。つまり、ニュートンがこう言ったのはライプニッツの死後のことです。 ニュートンとライプニッツは、微分積分をどちらが先に発見したのかをめぐって激しく争い、問題はイギリスの学者たちと、ヨーロッパ大陸の学者たちの対立にまで発展しました。 ニュートンは、自分の属する王立協会から、ライプニッツを剽窃者と決めつける報告書を発表させ、自分も第三者を装って、匿名でライプニッツを攻撃する文書を発表しました。 この文章は文法的には＃４の方の言う通りですが、歴史的事実をふまえると上のように訳せるかと思います。 (2)さまざまな方面からの証拠によると、この常軌を逸した行動の原因は、ニュートンが水銀の蒸気を吸ったことにあるということが分かっている。 several lines of evidence は、科学の論文などででよく使われる表現で、a line of evidenceとだと「一連の証拠」ですが、several lines of evidence は、いろいろな方面からの何重にも重なった証拠があることを意味します。（たくさんの用例があるのでフレーズ検索で検索してみてください） trace A to B については、＃４の方の説明の通りです。 さてこの「常軌を逸した行動」とは何かということですが、もしも(2)が(1)に続く文章だとすれば、それは(1)に書いたような、死者への礼儀を欠く言動と解釈されます。しかしたぶん(2)の前には別の文章があるのだと思います。 ニュートンには、友人が女性を使って自分を陥れようとしたという奇妙な手紙を当の友人宛に送るなど、一時精神障害に陥った時期がありました。その原因についていろいろ取り沙汰されていましたが、近年になって、ニュートンは錬金術に興味をもって日頃水銀を扱う実験をしていたために、水銀の蒸気を吸って水銀中毒になり、それが障害の原因だという説が現れました。そしてその証拠として、ニュートンの髪の毛の鑑定が行われ、通常の人の髪の毛よりもはるかに多くの水銀が含まれていることが立証されました。 だからこの文章の意味はおそらく「ニュートンの友人たちに対する異常な行動は水銀中毒に原因があることが分かった」ということを言おうとしたものと思います。 長くなりますので、(3)(4)(5)については改めて投稿します。
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