幼児の言語習得における母音と子音の片言と超分節音の重要性
- 幼児が母親の本来のレパートリーの一部ではない母音や子音をべらべら喋るようになるまで、片言を言うと言うことは、子供たちが母国語の部分に分かれた音声を学び始めているという証拠ではない。
- 最近の言語心理学の研究は、この段階で子供がそれらの母語の区分を超えた音を学習し始めているという初期の仮定を支援します。
- 用語超分節性は、私たちが生産する音節に伴い、文法、意味および意図をマークする際にそのような重要な役割を果たす、音楽のピッチ、リズムおよびストレスに関連します。
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心理言語学の勉強をしています。訳してみましたが自信がないのでよろしくお願いします。 Since infants may babble vowels and consonants which are not part of their mother’s native repertoire, babbling is not evidence that children are starting to acquire the segmental sounds of their mother tongue. 幼児が母親の本来のレパートリーの一部ではない母音や子音をべらべら喋るようになるまで、片言を言うと言うことは、子供たちが母国語の部分に分かれた音声を学び始めているという証拠ではない。 But recent psycholinguistic research supports earlier assumptions that children are beginning to learn the suprasegmental sounds of their mother tongue at this stage. しかし、最近の言語心理学の研究は、この段階で子供がそれらの母語の区分を超えた音を学習し始めているという初期の仮定を支援します。 The term suprasegmental refers to the musical pitch, rhythm, and stress which accompany the syllables we produce and play such an important role in marking grammar, meaning, and intention. 用語超分節性は、私たちが生産する音節に伴い、文法、意味および意図をマークする際にそのような重要な役割を果たす、音楽のピッチ、リズムおよびストレスに関連します。 ２段落目と３段落目のsuprasegmentalの意味がいまいちです。また、二段落目のthis stageは、前の段落の片言を言うようになるまで・・・と解釈してもよいのでしょうか？？ いいアドバイスがあれば教えてください。
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'babbling'は片言というより、片言以下の言葉ともなんともつかないものです。赤ちゃんが「ばぶばぶ」と言ってる言葉。「ばぶばぶ」とbabblingって音が似てるでしょ？「喃語（なんご）」と呼ばれています。 'suprasegmental'というのは、'the musical pitch...'以下で説明されている通り、言語のピッチ、リズム、強勢などを指します。母音や子音などの音素とは違いますが、同じ発話でもイントネーションや強勢が違えば意味が違ってくることもありますよね。日本語でいうと、「橋」と「箸」の意味の違いは母音や子音の違いでなくsuprasegmentalの違いです。'musical'は「音楽の」だとわけわかんないですね。「音楽的な」あるいは「音に関する」って感じでしょうか。'at this stage'はおっしゃるとおり喃語段階のことです。 あと、'since'の意味の取り方が違いますね。「～なので」って感じです。'babbling is not evidence'である根拠を述べています。 ということで、全体の意味を大雑把に書いてみると、 「新生児の喃語には、母語にない母音や子音も含まれているので、喃語が母語習得の始まりだという証拠にはならない。しかし、最近の研究は、新生児は喃語段階から母語の超分節的要素を習得し始めているのではないかという仮説が正しいとしている。超分節的要素とは、言語のピッチ、リズム、ストレスなどのことで、文法的にも大切なものであるし、意味や発話者の意図を示す役割をするものである。」 すみません。ちゃんと訳すのは苦手だしめんどくさいので要点だけです。 つまり、母音や子音を習得する前に、suprasegmentalsから習得し始めるんだ、ってことです。赤ちゃんが一人でばぶばぶ言ってるのがまるで誰かと話しているようなので、母親が驚いて見に行くと、やっぱり一人だった…なんて話もあります。日本の赤ちゃんなら、日本語の音を覚える前に日本語っぽい響きを身につけるということです。さらに、母親（とは限らないけど）と目を合わせること、互いに交代に発話すること、などのコミュニケーションの基本もごく早い時期に習得されるそうです。言語習得って不思議でおもしろいですよね。どうぞ勉強がんばってくださいね。
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ありがとうございます☆ とってもわかりやすい回答でした。 言語習得を学び始めて間もないのに、意外と難しいので苦戦しています。 でも、ホント面白いですよね！！ なんだか、今普通に言葉を喋っているのがとても不思議です♪