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和訳の添削をお願いします。
s_t_a_の回答
自信はないのですが… 「もし年をとることが明確な過程として存在するなら、そのメカニズムは多因性で、環境の影響を受け、種特異的であるだろうという統一見解がある。 もし臓器特異的や細胞特異的でないなら、利用可能な人間のデータの不足がはなはだ問題となる。」 "if not～"以下を別にして訳してみました。
関連するQ&A
- 英文の訳を教えてください
きれいな文に訳できなくて、内容をつかみとれません、、 英語が得意な方、お願いします！ It is vital that the IWC adopts a permanent ban on commercial whaling on the high seas, maintains and increases whale sanctuaries, and shames Japan into ending its flawed “scientific whaling”. It could be our last chance to properly conserve and safeguard the future of these magnificent animals. There are more than 80 species of whales and most species of whale are not endangered. In fact, based on scientific data, we can say that many species are abundant and increasing. This is particularly true for minke whales, Bryde’s whales and sperm whales, the species for which we have the best data.
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- その他（語学）
- 和訳していただけませんか？
下の文を和訳していただけませんか？ If you are young, aging parents may not be your biggest concern, but they are a mojor concern for the governmental, social, and financial leaders of the world, particularly for those in japan. The parcentage of people over age 65 is increasing worldwide, from about 7 percent in 2005 to a predicted 15 percent by 2005. Japan already has one of the largest over-65 populations. According to population projections prepared by the Statistics Bureau of Japan's Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, 22.5 percent of the Japanese population was expected to be 65 or older in 2010. They expect that number ti increase to 33.2 percent by 2040, resulting in Japan having the largest percentage of over 65-year-old in the world. What effects will such an enormous number of elderly people have on society.
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- 英語
- 科学英語の和訳をお願いします
Fukuda et al. [34] showed that the pigmentation of glass eels of the Japanese eel in captivity developed progressively with the duration of rearing in a temperature range of 10~30 °C. This observation suggests that the glass eels at early pigmentation stages found in our study had arrived at the Sagami River estuary not so long before they were collected. Thus. our data clearly show that a quite unusual glass eel recruitment pattern occurred, with the peak in early summer (May and June). at least in the 2009 and 20I0 seasons at the Sagami River estuary. Due to current fishing regulations and the lack of monitoring of glass eel recruitment, it is not known whether a seasonal change in glass eel recruitment has occurred throughout Japan or over a much wider region of their species range in East Asia. Even if this unusual recruitment of glass eels just occurs locally at the Sagami River estuary, it provides information that can be used in determining locally administrated fishing regulations and designing conservation programs for yellow eel stocks (growth phase) fragmentally inhabiting freshwater systems.The monitoring of glass eel recruitment by the Eel River Project is expected to expand to the entire species range of this species. ちなみに、recruitmentは接岸、glass eelはシラスウナギです
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- 英語
- 英文和訳
添削をお願いします。 (1) But then there is the very rare case in which the mutation produces a new trait that gives its fortunate owner an advantage in the fight to stay alive and bounce children on his knee. Given a little time, natural selection will pass on this spot of luck to many others, maybe even the entire species. 一方で、突然変異が生き残り、そして子供を膝の上で飛び跳ねさせてあやす戦いにおけるある有利な点を持ち主に与えるということを生み出すという非常に稀な事例がある。 少しの時間考えれば、自然淘汰はもしかしたら人類全体にさえこの幸運な立場を他の生物に与えるだろう。 ・～and bounceのandが何を繋いでいるのかいまいち分からなかった(三単元のsがないのでisか、to stay aliveかなと思ったのですが。)のと、 2文目の訳がところどころおかしいと思うのですがどうでしょうか。。 (2) It hasn't because the mutation isn't always deadly. Only if a child is unlucky enough to get the mutant gene from both parents does it cause sickle-cell anemia. If she gets it from only one parents, it will instead boost the child's resistance to malaria. So the mutation kills in some circumstances and saves lives in others. ※sickle-cell anemia(鎌型赤血球性貧血症). それは突然変異がいつも致命的であるというわけではないからだ。 子供が不運な場合のみ、・・・ その人が1人の親だけからそれを得ると、代わりにマラリアへの子供の抵抗を上げるだろう。 このように、突然変異はいくつかの状況で殺して、余所に暮らす動物を救う。 ・2文目のOnly if～の文がよくわからなかったです； (3) What Brooks i saying here is what many of us vaguely sense: that the brain is a big, complex, physical organ at the center of which is some indefinable thing or entity that makes decisions and issues commands for reasons scientists in white coats will never be able to truly understand. ブルックスがここで言っていることは、我々の多くがばく然と感じることだ。 脳が決定と問題をするどれが何らかの定義できないものであるか、 実物の中心部の大きく複雑で、物理的な器官であることは、 白衣を着た科学者が決してまったく分からない理由で命令するのだ。 ** おそらく3つともほとんど合っていないと思いますが、宜しくお願いします。 出典はおそらく京都大学ですが、探してみても見つかりません(前期も後期も)
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- 英語
- 和訳お願い致します。
I take it for granted, then, 'that all my readers accept the doctrine of Organic Evolution, or the belief that all species of plants and animals have bad a derivative mode of origin by way of natural descent ; and, moreover, that one great law ormethod of the process has been natural selection, or survival of the fittest. If anyone grants this much, I further assume that he must concede to me the fact, as distinguished from the manner and history of Mental Evolution, throughout the whole range of the animal kingdom, with the exception of man. I assume this because I hold that if the doctrine of Organic Evolution is accepted, it carries with it, as a necessary corollary, the doctrine of Mental Evolution, at all events as far as the brute creation is concerned. For throughout the brute creation, from wholly unintelligent animals to the most highly intelligent, we can trace one continuous gradation ; so that if we already believe that all specific forms of animal life have had a derivative origin, we cannot refuse to believe that all the mental faculties which these various forms present must likewise have had a derivative origin. And, as a matter of fact, we do not find anyone so unreasonable as to maintain, or even to suggest, that if the evidence of Organic Evolution is accepted, the evidence of Mental Evolution, within the limits which I have named, can consistently be rejected. - The one body of evidence therefore serves as a pedestal to the other, such that in the absence of the former the latter would have no locus standi (for no one could well dream, of Mental Evolution were it not for the evidence of Organic Evolution, or of the transmutation of species) ; while the presence of the former irresistibly suggests the necessity of the latter, as the logical structure for the support of which the pedestal is what it is.
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“If you make biofuels properly, you will reduce greenhouse emissions,” said Peder Jensen, of the European Environment Agency in Copenhagen. “But that depends very much on the types of plants and how they’re grown and processed. You can end up with a 90 percent reduction compared to fossil fuels — or a 20 percent increase." “It’s important to take a life-cycle view,” and not to “just see what the effects are here in Europe.” In the Netherlands, the data from Indonesia has provoked soul-searching, and helped prompt the government to suspend palm oil subsidies. The Netherlands, a leader in green energy, is now leading the effort to distinguish which biofuels are truly environmentally sound. The government, environmental groups and some of the Netherlands’ “green energy” companies are trying to develop programs to trace the origins of imported palm oil, to certify which operations produce the oil in a responsible manner. Krista van Velzen, a member of Parliament, said the Netherlands should pay compensation to Indonesia for the damage that palm oil has caused. “We can’t only think: does it pollute the Netherlands?”
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- 英語が出来る方助けてください。(かなり困っています。)
英語が出来る方助けてください。(かなり困っています。) 今学生をしているのですが400ページほどある英語の専門書を読み始めたのですがこの部分の訳がどうしてもしっくりこないのですが分かる方いませんでしょうか？？ 英語が大変苦手なので自分の訳に自信がなく困っています。 Provided that the experimental measurements are made under carefully controlled conditions and that the adsorption systems are well characterized, energy of adsorption data can provide valuable information concerning the mechanisms of physisorption. When a polar molecule is adsorbed on an ionic or polar surface various types of specific interactions may contribute to the adsorption energy. A useful general expression for the adsorption energy, E0, at very low surface coverage was first proposed by Barrer (1966) in the form of the sum (1.6) in which ED and ER represent the non-specific dispersion and repulsion contributions and the terms EP, EFμ and EFQ represent, respectively, the three types of specific contributions: the polarization, field-dipole and field gradient-quadrupole energies. For convenience, we may write Equation (1.6) in the form with Ens now is place of (ED+ER) representing the non-specific contributions and Esp representing the various specific contributions. If we wish to study the adsorbent-adsorbate interactions we must undertake adsorption calorimetry or analysis of the isotherm data at very low surface coverage. It is only under these conditions that we can eliminate, or at least minimize, the adsorbate-adsorbate interactions. At higher coverage, an additional (self-potential) term, Eaa, must be added to E0 to allow for the latter interactions.
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- 化学
- 英語に自信のある方 和訳お願いします
The aim of the physicianin the treatment of insanity is to bring the means at his command to bear, directly or indirectly , on the disordered nerve elemnt. But, in striving to do this, he soon learns with how many bodily organs and functionshe has really to do. to callmind a function of the brain may lead to much misapprehension, if it be thereby supposed that the brain is the only organ which is concerned in the function of mind. There is not an organ in the body which is not in intimate relation with the brain by means of its paths of nervous communication, which has not , so to speak, a special corresopondance with it through internuncial fibres, and which does not, therefore, affect more or less plainly and specially its[ist=the brain's] function as an organ of mind. It is not merely that a parpitating heart may cause anxiety and apprehension, or a disorderedliver[may cause] gloomy feelings, but there are good reasons to believe that eachorgan has its specific influence on the constituiton and function of mind; an influence not yet to be set forth scientifically., because it is exerted on that unconscious mental life which is the basis of all that we consciously feel and think. were the heart of one man to be placed in the body of another it would probably make no difference in the circulation of the blood, but it might make a real difference in the temper of his mind. so close is the physiological sympathy of parts in the commonwealth of the body that it is necessary in the physiological study of mind to regard it as a function of the whole organism, as complehending the whole bodily life.
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- 和訳してください!!(後半)
The structure is an open one, and its water content is rather high. At lower water contents we would expect the bases to tilt so that the structure could become more compact. The novel feature of the structure is the manner in which the two chains are held together by the purine and pyrimidine bases. The planes of the bases are perpendicular to the fibre axis. They are joined together in pairs, a single base from one chain being hydrogen-bonded to a single base from the other chain, so that the two lie side by side with identical z-co-ordinates. One of the pair must be a purine and the other a pyrimidine for bonding to occur. The hydrogen bonds are made as follows: purine position 1 to pyrimidine position 1; purine position 6 to pyrimidine position 6. If it is assumed that the bases only occur in the structure in the most plausible tautomeric forms (that is, with the keto rather than the enol configurations) it is found that only specific pairs of bases can bond together. These pairs are: adenine (purine) with thymine (pyrimidine), and guanine (purine) with cytosine (pyrimidine). In other words, if an adenine forms one member of a pair, on either chain, then on these assumptions the other member must be thymine; similarly for guanine and cytosine. The sequence of bases on a single chain does not appear to be restricted in any way. However, if only specific pairs of bases can be formed, it follows that if the sequence of bases on one chain is given, then the sequence on the other chain is automatically determined. It has been found experimentally (3, 4) that the ratio of the amounts of adenine to thymine, and the ratio of guanine to cytosine, are always very close to unity for deoxyribose nucleic acid. It is probably impossible to build this structure with a ribose sugar in place of the deoxyribose, as the extra oxygen atom would make too close a van der Waals contact. The previously published X-ray data (5, 6) on deoxyribose nucleic acid are insufficient for a rigorous test of our structure. So far as we can tell, it is roughly compatible with the experimental data, but it must be regarded as unproved until it has been checked against more exact results. Some of these are given in the following communications. We were not aware of the details of the results presented there when we devised our structure, which rests mainly though not entirely on published experimental data and stereochemical arguments. It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material. Full details of the structure, including the conditions assumed in building it, together with a set of co-ordinates for the atoms, will be published elsewhere. We are much indebted to Dr. Jerry Donohue for constant advice and criticism, especially on interatomic distances. We have also been stimulated by a knowledge of the general nature of the unpublished experimental results and ideas of Dr. M.H.F. Wilkins, Dr. R.E. Franklin and their co-workers at King"s College, London. One of us (J.D.W.) has been aided by a fellowship from the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis.
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- 英語
- (2)(3)を和訳[2]～[4]の問に答えて下さい
(1)Let us imagine an absolutely unbiased observer on another planet, perhaps on Mars, is examining human behavior on Earth, with the aid of a telescope whose magnification is too small to enable him to discern individuals and follow their separate behavior, but large enough for him to observe occurences such as migration of peoples, wars and similar great historical events.He would never gain the impression that human behavior was dectated by intelligence, still less by responsible morality. If we suppose our outside observerto be a being of pure reason, lacking instincts himself and unaware of the way in which all instincts in general and aggression in particular can go wrong, he would be at a complete loss how to explain history at all.Thus, the phenomena of history do not have responsible cases.It is a mere commonplace to say that they are caused by human nature.Unreasoning and unreasonable human nature causes two nations to compete, though no economic necessity compels them to do so; it induces two political parties or religious with amazingly similar programs of salvation to fight each other bitterly and it forces an Alexander or a Napoleon to sacrifice millions of lives in his attempt to unite the world under his rule.We have been taught to regard some of the persons who have committed these and similar absurdities with respect, even as "great" people, and we are all so accustomed to these phenomena that most of us fail to realize how stupid and undesirable the historical mass behavior of humanity actually is. (2)Having realized [2][this], however, we cannot escape the question why reasonable beings do behave so un reasonably.Undeniably, there must be [3][superlatively strong factors] which are able to overcome the commands of individual reason so completely which are not influenced by experience and learning.As hegel said, "What experience and history teach us is this - that people and governments have never learned anything from history, or acted on principles derived from it." (3)All of [4][these amazing paradoxes], however, find an unconstrained explanation, falling nto place like the piece of a jigsaw puzzle, if one assumes that human behavior, and particularly human social behavior, far from being determined by reason and cultural tradition alone, is still subject to all the laws prevailing in instinctive behavior. [2][this]が指す日本語の内容を説明しなさい。 [3][superlatively strong factors]と最も関係の深い語を本文中から１語で抜き出しなさい。 [4][these amazing paradoxes]の内容を簡潔に表している表現を本文中から抜き出しなさい。 (1)は訳さなくて良いです。(2)(3)は和訳お願いします。
- 締切済み
- 英語
お礼
ありがとうございます。参考にします。