英文の邦訳：中国証券のグローバルインデックスへの含有の前提未解決
- 中国証券のグローバルインデックスへの含有が進行中であることにより、投資家は事前にトレードを行っている。
- 今年の取引高の増加と外国投資家の取引認可数の急増も、中国証券のグローバルインデックスへの含有の前提を合法的に先取りしていることを反映している。
- 英文中の「the pending inclusion of Chinese securities in global indices」の構文上の位置づけについての明確な説明はないが、そのフレーズがない場合にもっと明快になるだろう。
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英文の邦訳
（直前に数値が示してあります。）But the figures, along with record trading volumes this year and a surge in the numbers offoreign investors authorised to transact, also reflect investors front running(perfectly legally) the pending inclusion of Chinese securities in global indices. 上記英文でラストの the pending inclusion of Chinese securities in global indicesの構文上の位置づけがわかりません。theがないとすっきりするのですが。どうぞ宜しくお願いします。
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以下のとおりお答えします。 ＞But the figures, along with record trading volumes this year and a surge in the numbers of foreign investors authorised to transact, also reflect investors front running (perfectly legally) the pending inclusion of Chinese securities in global indices. ＞上記英文でラストの the pending inclusion of Chinese securities in global indicesの構文上の位置づけがわかりません。theがないとすっきりするのですが。 ⇒investors front runningとthe pending inclusionとを対等の同格関係で結ぶために、つまり、「後者を修飾的要素などでなく、独立の名詞句とするために」theをつけていると考えられます。 全体の骨組みはこんな格好です。 「～は、AやBを反映するとともに、CすなわちDも／DというCも 反映している」。 （全訳） 「しかし、この数字は、今年の記録的な取引量および取引を許可された外国人投資家の数の急増を反映するとともに、投資家のフロントランニング（完全に合法）、すなわちグローバルインデックスに中国の証券を含むることに対する保留をも反映している／グローバルインデックスに中国の証券を含むことを保留するという、投資家のフロントランニング（完全に合法）をも反映している。」 ＊なお、専門用語はよく分かりません（私ごときが関与しない方がいいかも知れません）のでカタカナのまま書きましたが、フロントランニング：「前線の経営管理」、グローバルインデックス：「国際的指数、世界指数」といったところでしょうか。
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- 英文の邦訳
The supremacy of de facto power over legal title is clear from two additional elements of the Rules. First, the regulator extended “beneficial ownership” to include persons holding a right to own any time within 60 days, not only those who currently own, equity shares. The emphasis is on whether a person is legally entitled to relocate the power of the share (in this case, place it at their own disposal); i.e. to change (within 60 days) the identity of the person who may exercise the voting and/or investment power. Second, the exemption to record holders who may vote on some matters without instruction from the individual for whom they hold the stock, only exempts one class of record holders: those who can vote without instruction on matters “other than contested matters or matters that may affect substantially the rights or privileges of the holders of the securities to be voted.” This exemption, in fact, supports the general rule. Except for the limited cases where the exemption applies, if one person holds the legal right to vote while another has the actual power to decide the voting, only the person able to direct the voting must disclose. 以上の英文の以下の試訳の添削をお願い申し上げます。 「法的所有権に対する事実上の優位は，規則の２つの追加的な要素から明らかである。第一に，規制者は，普通株を現行所有していない者ではなく，60日以内のいずれかの日に所有する権利を持っている者を含めるよう，「受益的所有者」（の規定範囲を）を拡張した。その者が法的に株式に関する権利を再編する権利を与えられているか否か（このケースでは，彼ら自身でその普通株を処分できるか否か），すなわち，（60日以内に）投票する権力または投資する力あるいはその両方を行使する場合があるまさに当該者を代える力を与えられているか否かが強調されている。第二に，まさにその者のために彼らが株式を所有する当該人から指図されることなく，何らかの事柄について投票する場合がある名義上の所有者に対する免除が，ある種別の名義上の所有者，すなわち，「争点となっている事柄または投票されるべき証券の所有者の権利あるいは特権に大きな影響を及ぼすかも知れない事柄を除く」事柄について指図を受けることなく投票できる名義上の所有者だけを適用から外す。この免除が実際には原則を担保する。例外が適用される限られたケースを除いて，ある者が投票する法的権限を持つ一方で他の者が投票する決定する実際の権利を持つなら，投票を指図することのできるまさにその者だけが情報公開しなければならない。」 Nakay702様には重複のお願いになりますが，どうぞ宜しくお願い申し上げます。
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- 英語
- which as の訳し方。
The members ruled the exchanges, which as an organisational entity had little agency of its own. Exchanges were marketplaces that served their members through enabling the disintermediated financing of enterprises and trading of securities between investors, borrowers and lenders by said members. 上記英文中，最初の文中のwhich as の構文の取り方と意味をお教え下さい。
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- 和訳お願いします
The financal makers provide a marketplace through which funds are chan-neled from sectors with idle cash (lenders) to cash-short sectors(borrowers), and the types of financing arranged on these markets are divided in terms of intermediaries into indirect and direct financing. Indirect financing means a form of transaction in which a financial institution acquires a primary secure-ty (IOUs and notes,ect.) from a borrower with a fund raised by issuing an in-direct security(certificates of deposit and insurance policies,etc.). In direct financing, a borrower raises funds by issuing a primary security (equity and debt securities, etc) to lenders though a market intermediary. The market place on which direct financing is arranged is the securities market, which is divided into an issue market(where securities are issued and distributed) and a trading market (where securities are bought and sold). Generally, the term ”security” refers to instruments that give their legal holders the rights to money or other property. They are designed to facilitate the assignment of such rights and have the characteristic of combining rights and certificates. More specifically, they are issued in various form, such as stocks and bonds issued by business corporations; notes, checks, and bills of lading ;government securities issued by national governments; and municipal bonds issued by local public bodies. Of these, securities traded in the securities markets are balled “securities under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act(FIEA),” as defined in paragraphs 1 and 2, Article 2,of that law. Paragraph 1 defines securities whose interests are represented by securities or certificates that are physically issued as listed in the Securities and Exchange Law, new types of securities, such as mortgage securities and securities representing financial options contracts, have been included in the new definition. Item 21 of the paragraph provided that securities and certificates so designated by government ordinance, including bonds issued by educational institutions, shall be deemed to be securities under the law. Paragraph 2 of Article 2 sets forth the definition of deemed securities. First, interests represented by securities that are listed in the preceding paragraph are deemed to be securities by themselves in cases where no physical certificates are issued. For example, interests represented by bonds or stocks held under a book-entry transfer system are deemed equivalent of those securities listed in Paragraph 1. The latter part of the paragraph then goes on to define deemed securities as interests other than those represented by securities or certificates. The scope of the definition has been substantially widened compared with that of the former law, and specifically, there are comprehensive provisions in Item 5 of the paragraph for FIFA to be applicable to various types of collective investment vestment ordinance, including claims on loans o educational institutions, are provided for as deemed securities. In addition to securities, FIEA applies to derivative transactions in domestic financial instrument and over-the-counter markets and foreign markets.
- 締切済み
- 英語
- 英語得意な方、和訳お願いします。
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- 英語
- 英文の拙訳の添削
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- 英文の邦訳
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- 英文の邦訳
Two concepts of the firm motivate Berle and Means to level the charge of social inefficiency at the modern corporation: their conception of the firm in economic theory and their contrasting conception of the real modern corporation. 上記英文中，level the charge of social inefficiency，特に levelの訳し方が判りません。ご教示ください。
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構文がとれたことで意味が大凡わかりました。
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有難うございました。感謝申し上げます。