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質問

The U.S. attack was unsuccessful. Monash asked Rawlinson for permission to delay the main attack due on 29 September, but this was refused because of the priority given to Marshal Ferdinand Foch's strategy of keeping the Germans under the relentless pressure of coordinated assaults along the front. As a result of the confusion created by the failed attack (with the corps command being unsure of where the American troops were), the battle on 29 September on the American 27th Division front had to be started without the customary (and highly effective) close artillery support. The British artillery commander argued that attempting to alter the barrage timetable at this late stage would cause problems and the American divisional commander Major General John F. O'Ryan was also concerned about the possibility of friendly fire. All of the Allied commanders therefore agreed to proceed with the original artillery fire plan. The result was that the barrage would now start at the originally-intended jump-off point, some 900 m (1,000 yd) beyond the actual starting point of the infantry, leaving them very vulnerable during their initial advance. 27th Division was required to make an advance greater than any that had been asked of its highly experienced Australian allies, an advance of some 4,500 m (5,000 yd) in a single action. In an attempt to compensate for the lack of a creeping barrage Rawlinson provided additional tanks. However, the absence of a creeping barrage in the 27th Division sector was to have a very detrimental effect on the initial operations of the battle on the front opposite the tunnel.

Soldiers of the 30th American Infantry Division and the 15th Australian Brigade (5th Australian Division) at the southern entrance of the Bellicourt Tunnel at Riqueval near Bellicourt. It was captured by the 30th American Division on 29 September 1918. (Photographed 4 October 1918).

Main assault of 29 September

Brigadier General J V Campbell addressing troops of the 137th Brigade (46th Division) from the Riqueval Bridge over the St Quentin Canal
The battle was preceded by the greatest British artillery bombardment of the war. Some 1,600 guns were deployed (1,044 field guns and 593 heavy guns and howitzers), firing almost one million shells over a comparatively short period of time. Included in these were more than 30,000 mustard gas shells (the first use of a British-made version of this weapon). These were specifically targeted at headquarters and groups of batteries. Many of the high explosive shells fired had special fuses which made them very effective in destroying the German barbed wire.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The U.S. attack was unsuccessful. Monash asked Rawlinson for permission to delay the main attack due on 29 September, but this was refused because of the priority given to Marshal Ferdinand Foch's strategy of keeping the Germans under the relentless pressure of coordinated assaults along the front. As a result of the confusion created by the failed attack (with the corps command being unsure of where the American troops were), the battle on 29 September on the American 27th Division front had to be started without the customary (and highly effective) close artillery support.
⇒米国の攻撃は不成功であった。モナシュは、9月29日に予定されている主要攻撃延期の容認をローリンソンに求めたが、ドイツ軍に対して前線に沿った間断のない圧力を維持するという、フェルディナン・フォッシュの戦略のために拒否された。攻撃の失敗（軍団の指揮層が米国軍の所在を明確に把握していなかったこと）による混乱の結果、米国軍第27師団の前線における9月29日の戦闘は、恒例の（かつ高度に有効な）密着型砲兵支援なしに開始しなければならなかった。

＞The British artillery commander argued that attempting to alter the barrage timetable at this late stage would cause problems and the American divisional commander Major General John F. O'Ryan was also concerned about the possibility of friendly fire. All of the Allied commanders therefore agreed to proceed with the original artillery fire plan. The result was that the barrage would now start at the originally-intended jump-off point, some 900 m (1,000 yd) beyond the actual starting point of the infantry, leaving them very vulnerable during their initial advance. 27th Division was required to make an advance greater than any that had been asked of its highly experienced Australian allies, an advance of some 4,500 m (5,000 yd) in a single action. In an attempt to compensate for the lack of a creeping barrage Rawlinson provided additional tanks. However, the absence of a creeping barrage in the 27th Division sector was to have a very detrimental effect on the initial operations of the battle on the front opposite the tunnel.
⇒英国軍の砲兵隊指揮官は、この後半に集中砲火時刻表を変更しようとすれば問題が発生すると主張し、米国軍司令官ジョン・F.オライアン少将も友軍砲火の可能性について懸念していた。したがって、連合国軍の指揮官らはすべて、元の砲撃計画を進めることに同意した。その結果、歩兵隊の進軍当初は非常に弱みを持つことになるが、集中砲火は元々意図した出発点を約900メートル（1,000ヤード）越える、歩兵隊の実際の出発点で開始することになった。1回の行動で約4500メートル（5,000ヤード）の進軍という、高度な経験を積んだオーストラリアの連合国軍のそれよりも大きな前進を図ることが第27師団に要求された。纏いつく集中砲火射撃の欠如を補うために、ローリンソンは追加の戦車を提供した。しかし、纏いつく集中砲火が第27師団の地区にないことは、地下道の向かい側の前線での戦闘における初期作戦行動に対して、極めて有害な影響を与えるに違いなかった。

＞Soldiers of the 30th American Infantry Division and the 15th Australian Brigade (5th Australian Division) at the southern entrance of the Bellicourt Tunnel at Riqueval near Bellicourt. It was captured by the 30th American Division on 29 September 1918. (Photographed 4 October 1918).
⇒□ベリクール近くのリケバルにあるベリクール地下道南口での米国軍第30歩兵師団とオーストラリア軍第15旅団（オーストラリア軍第5師団）の兵士ら。そこは1918年9月29日に米国軍第30師団に攻略された。（1918年10月撮影）。

＞Main assault of 29 September
　Brigadier General J V Campbell addressing troops of the 137th Brigade (46th Division) from the Riqueval Bridge over the St Quentin Canal
⇒9月29日の主要襲撃
　□サン＝カンタン運河のリケバル橋から第137旅団（第46師団）の兵士らに話しかけるJ Vキャンベル准将

＞The battle was preceded by the greatest British artillery bombardment of the war. Some 1,600 guns were deployed (1,044 field guns and 593 heavy guns and howitzers), firing almost one million shells over a comparatively short period of time. Included in these were more than 30,000 mustard gas shells (the first use of a British-made version of this weapon). These were specifically targeted at headquarters and groups of batteries. Many of the high explosive shells fired had special fuses which made them very effective in destroying the German barbed wire.
⇒この戦闘には、英国軍による本戦最大の砲撃が先行していた。約1,600の砲門（1,044門の野戦砲と593門の重砲および榴弾砲）が配備され、比較的短期間に約100万発の砲弾が発射された。これらには、30,000発以上のマスタードガス弾（英国製武器の最初の使用）が含まれていた。これ（砲撃）は本部と砲兵隊集団を対象としていた。多くの高爆発砲弾が特別な起爆装置を備えていたため、ドイツ軍の有刺鉄線を破壊するのに極めて効果的であった。

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