Fierce Resistance and the Collapse of the Front Line: A Turning Point in the War

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  • Despite being outnumbered and poorly equipped, Bulgarian units offered fierce resistance in Zborsko, delaying the Entente advance.
  • The collapse of the front line enabled the Allies to assault Bulgarian positions from multiple directions and eventually quell the last pockets of resistance.
  • The defeat at the Dobro Pole played a role in the Bulgarian withdrawal from the war and the subsequent capture of Vardar Macedonia.
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Despite being outnumbered and poorly equipped, certain Bulgarian units offered fierce resistance, delaying the Entente advance in Zborsko. However, the collapse of the front line enabled the Allies to assault Bulgarian positions from multiple directions and eventually quell the last pockets of resistance. The Central Powers' defeat at the Dobro Pole played a role in the Bulgarian withdrawal from the war and opened the way for the subsequent capture of Vardar Macedonia. The Battle of Épehy was a battle of the First World War fought on 18 September 1918, involving the British Fourth Army (under the command of General Henry Rawlinson) against German outpost positions in front of the Hindenburg Line. The village of Épehy was captured on 18 September by the 12th (Eastern) Division. Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C) of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front, was not eager to carry out any offensives, until the assault on the Hindenburg Line, influenced by mounting British losses from previous battles that year, over 600,000 casualties since March, 180,000 of them in the past six weeks. Rawlinson was kept reined in and advised by Haig to ensure his men were well rested for the eventual attack on the Line. When news arrived of the British Third Army's victory at the Battle of Havrincourt, Haig's mind was changed. On the day following the success at Havrincourt, 13 September, Haig approved Rawlinson's plan to clear German outpost positions on the high ground before the Hindenburg Line and preparations began. Battle Very few tanks could be provided for the attack, so artillery would have to be relied upon to prepare the way but in the interests of surprise they would not be able to provide a preliminary bombardment. The 1,488 guns would instead fire concentration shots at zero hour and support the infantry with a creeping barrage and 300 machine-guns were also made available. All three corps of the Fourth Army were to take part, with V Corps of the Third Army on their left flank and on their right the French First Army (under Debeney). The objective consisted of a fortified zone roughly 3 miles (4.8 km) deep and 20 miles (32 km) long, supported by subsidiary trenches and strong points. The German 2nd Army and 18th Army defended the area. On 18 September at 5.20 am, the attack opened and the troops advanced. The promised French assistance did not arrive, resulting in limited success for IX Corps on that flank. Épehy　エプイー

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＞Despite being outnumbered and poorly equipped, certain Bulgarian units offered fierce resistance, delaying the Entente advance in Zborsko. However, the collapse of the front line enabled the Allies to assault Bulgarian positions from multiple directions and eventually quell the last pockets of resistance. The Central Powers' defeat at the Dobro Pole played a role in the Bulgarian withdrawal from the war and opened the way for the subsequent capture of Vardar Macedonia. ⇒数的に劣勢でかつ貧弱な装備にもかかわらず、ある特定のブルガリア軍部隊は激しい抵抗を示して、協商国軍によるズボルスコでの進軍を遅らせた。しかし、前線が崩壊したので、連合国軍は複数の方向からブルガリア軍陣地を攻撃することが可能となり、最終的に抵抗の最後の孤立地を鎮圧した。ドブロ・ポリェにおける中央同盟国軍の敗北はブルガリア戦からの同軍撤退の役割を演じ、その後のヴァルダー・マケドニア攻略の道が開かれた。 ＞The Battle of Épehy was a battle of the First World War fought on 18 September 1918, involving the British Fourth Army (under the command of General Henry Rawlinson) against German outpost positions in front of the Hindenburg Line. The village of Épehy was captured on 18 September by the 12th (Eastern) Division. Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C) of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front, was not eager to carry out any offensives, until the assault on the Hindenburg Line, influenced by mounting British losses from previous battles that year, over 600,000 casualties since March, 180,000 of them in the past six weeks. Rawlinson was kept reined in and advised by Haig to ensure his men were well rested for the eventual attack on the Line. When news arrived of the British Third Army's victory at the Battle of Havrincourt, Haig's mind was changed. On the day following the success at Havrincourt, 13 September, Haig approved Rawlinson's plan to clear German outpost positions on the high ground before the Hindenburg Line and preparations began. ⇒「エプイーの戦い」は、1918年9月18日に起こった第一次世界大戦の戦いで、ヒンデンブルク戦線の前にあるドイツ軍の前哨基地に対抗して英国第4方面軍（ヘンリー・ローリンソン将軍麾下）が関与した。エプイーの村は、9月18日に第12（イースタン）師団によって攻略された。英国遠征隊（BEF）の総司令官（C-in-C）、陸軍元帥ダグラス・ヘイグ卿は、西部前線にあって、ヒンデンブルク戦線の攻撃までは、いかなる攻勢にも乗り気ではなかった。それというのも、英国軍は同年前半の戦闘で敗北を喫していて、3月以来600,000人以上の犠牲者という損失を出し、そのうち180,000人が直近の6週間で失われた、ということに意気消沈していたからであった。ローリンソンはヘイグになだめられ、助言を受けて、同戦線での最終的な攻撃に備えて兵士らの十分な休憩を保証した。「アヴランクールの戦い」での英国第3方面軍の勝利に関するニュースが到着したとき、ヘイグの心が変わった。アヴランクールで成功した翌日の9月13日、ヘイグはヒンデンブルク戦線前の高地にあるドイツ軍の前哨地点を一掃するローリンソンの計画を承認し、その準備が始まった。 ＞Battle 　Very few tanks could be provided for the attack, so artillery would have to be relied upon to prepare the way but in the interests of surprise they would not be able to provide a preliminary bombardment. The 1,488 guns would instead fire concentration shots at zero hour and support the infantry with a creeping barrage and 300 machine-guns were also made available. All three corps of the Fourth Army were to take part, with V Corps of the Third Army on their left flank and on their right the French First Army (under Debeney). The objective consisted of a fortified zone roughly 3 miles (4.8 km) deep and 20 miles (32 km) long, supported by subsidiary trenches and strong points. The German 2nd Army and 18th Army defended the area. 　On 18 September at 5.20 am, the attack opened and the troops advanced. The promised French assistance did not arrive, resulting in limited success for IX Corps on that flank. ⇒戦い 　戦車はほんのわずかしか提供されない可能性があるので、攻撃の道をつけるためには砲撃に頼らざるを得ないだろうが、急襲のための砲撃を行うことはできそうもなかった。代わりに、1,488丁の銃が開始時間に纏いつく集中射撃を発射して歩兵隊を支援するし、300丁の機関銃も利用可能になった。第4方面軍隊の3個軍団すべてが参戦して、第3方面軍の第V軍団は左翼側面に、フランス第1方面軍（ドベニー麾下）が右翼側面に布陣するものとした。その標的は、奥行き約3マイル（4.8キロ）長さ約20マイル（32キロ）の要塞地帯であり、補助塹壕と強化地点によって支えられていた。ドイツ第2・第18方面軍がこの地域を守っていた。 　9月18日の午前5時20分に攻撃が開始され、軍隊が進軍した。約束していたフランスの援軍は到着しなかったが、第IX軍団は所定の側面では限定的な成功を収めた。

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