Open attack at St. Mihiel: A Detailed Account

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  • The American forces' success at St. Mihiel can be attributed to General Pershing's thorough planning, detailed operations order, and combined arms approach to warfare.
  • General Pershing's plan included tanks supporting the infantry, with small unit commanders leading from the front lines.
  • The objective was to envelope the salient by using main thrusts against weak vertices, while keeping the remaining Germans tied down.
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8th Aero Squadron 9th Balloon Company 3rd Division (Corps Reserve) – Maj Gen Beaumont B Buck V Corps – Maj Gen George H Cameron Headquarters Observation Group 99th Aero Squadron 7th Balloon Company 26th Division – Maj Gen Clarence R Edwards 88th Aero Squadron 104th Aero Squadron 6th Balloon Company 15th Colonial Division (French) 8th Balloon Company 4th Division – Maj Gen John L Hines 8th Brigade what 4th Field Artillery Brigade remainder of Div in reserve 12th Balloon Company US Army Reserve 35th Division – Maj Gen Peter E. Traub 80th Division – Maj Gen Adelbert Cronkhite 91st Division – Maj Gen William H Johnston "Open attack at St. Mihiel" (Jonas, 1927) Aftermath The American V Corps location was at the northwestern vertices, the II French Colonial Corps at the southern apex, and the American IV and I Corps at the southeastern vertices of the salient. Furthermore, General Pershing's intent was obvious; to envelope the salient by using the main enveloping thrusts of the attack against the weak vertices. The remaining forces would then advance on a broad front toward Metz. This pincer action, by the IV and V Corps, was to drive the attack into the salient and to link the friendly forces at the French village of Vigneulles, while the II French Colonial Corps kept the remaining Germans tied down." "One reason for the American forces' success at St. Mihiel was General Pershing's thoroughly detailed operations order. Pershing's operation included detailed plans for penetrating the Germans' trenches, using a combined arms approach to warfare. His plan had tanks supporting the advancing infantry, with two tank companies interspersed into a depth of at least three lines, and a third tank company in reserve. The result of the detailed planning was an almost unopposed assault into the salient. The American I Corps reached its first day's objective before noon, and the second day's objective by late afternoon of the second". "Another reason for the American success was the audacity of the small unit commanders on the battlefield. Unlike other officers who commanded their soldiers from the rear, Colonel Patton and his subordinates would lead their men from the front lines. They believed that a commander's personal control of the situation would help ease the chaos of the battlefield."

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以下のとおりお答えします。（都合により隊名などは原文の横に書きます。） ＞8th Aero Squadron　第8航空大隊 9th Balloon Company　第9気球中隊 3rd Division (Corps Reserve) – Maj Gen Beaumont B Buck　第3師団（軍団予備隊）－ボーモント・B.バック少将 V Corps – Maj Gen George H Cameron　第V軍団－ジョージ・H.キャメロン少将 Headquarters Observation Group　本部観測グループ 99th Aero Squadron　第99航空大隊 7th Balloon Company　第7気球中隊 26th Division – Maj Gen Clarence R Edwards　第26師団－クラレンス・P.エドワーズ少将 88th Aero Squadron　第88航空大隊 104th Aero Squadron　第104航空大隊 6th Balloon Company　第6気球中隊 15th Colonial Division (French)　第15植民地軍師団（フランス） 8th Balloon Company　第8気球中隊 4th Division – Maj Gen John L Hines　第4師団－ジョン・L.ハイネス少将 8th Brigade what*　第8旅団何某（＊「以下不明」というのとほとんど同義と思います。） 4th Field Artillery Brigade　第4野戦砲兵旅団 remainder of Div in reserve　師団予備隊の残り部隊 12th Balloon Company　第12気球中隊 US Army Reserve　米国方面軍予備隊 35th Division – Maj Gen Peter E. Traub　第35師団－ピーター・E.トローブ少将 80th Division – Maj Gen Adelbert Cronkhite　第80師団－アデルバート・クロンクハイト少将 91st Division – Maj Gen William H Johnston　第91師団－ウィリアム・H.ジョンストン少将 ＞"Open attack at St. Mihiel" (Jonas, 1927) Aftermath The American V Corps location was at the northwestern vertices, the II French Colonial Corps at the southern apex, and the American IV and I Corps at the southeastern vertices of the salient. Furthermore, General Pershing's intent was obvious; to envelope the salient by using the main enveloping thrusts of the attack against the weak vertices. The remaining forces would then advance on a broad front toward Metz. This pincer action, by the IV and V Corps, was to drive the attack into the salient and to link the friendly forces at the French village of Vigneulles, while the II French Colonial Corps kept the remaining Germans tied down." ⇒「サン=ミエルでの開戦攻撃」（ジョナス、1927） 　余波 　米国第V軍団の位置は突出部北西の頂上、フランス第II植民地軍団は南の頂点、そして米国第IV、第I軍団は南東の頂上にあった。さらに、パーシング将軍の意図は明快に弱い頂上に対する攻撃で、主に包囲の突撃法を使って、突出部を封じ込めることであった。その後に残りの軍団がメッツに向かって広い前線上を進軍する手筈であった。第IV、第V軍団によるこの挟み撃ち作戦行動は、攻撃隊を突出部内に駆り立て、フランスのヴィニュール村で友軍の軍勢と連繋する一方、フランス第II植民地軍団が残りのドイツ軍を拘束し釘付けしたままにするものとした」。 ＞"One reason for the American forces' success at St. Mihiel was General Pershing's thoroughly detailed operations order. Pershing's operation included detailed plans for penetrating the Germans' trenches, using a combined arms approach to warfare. His plan had tanks supporting the advancing infantry, with two tank companies interspersed into a depth of at least three lines, and a third tank company in reserve. The result of the detailed planning was an almost unopposed assault into the salient. The American I Corps reached its first day's objective before noon, and the second day's objective by late afternoon of the second". ⇒「サン=ミエルでの米国軍団の成功理由の一つは、パーシング将軍の完璧なまでに詳細緻密な作戦行動であった。パーシングの作戦行動は、武器の組み合わせを利用して接近戦に持ち込み、ドイツ軍の塹壕に侵入する詳細な計画を含んでいた。彼の計画では、最低3本の戦線の深さに散在する2個戦車中隊と予備の第3戦車中隊をもって、進軍する歩兵隊を戦車隊に支援させた。詳細な計画により、突出部に対するほとんど敵対勢力のない猛攻撃が結果した。米国第I軍団は、正午前に初日の標的に到達し、第2日目の標的には、その第2日の午後遅くに到達した」。 ＞"Another reason for the American success was the audacity of the small unit commanders on the battlefield. Unlike other officers who commanded their soldiers from the rear, Colonel Patton and his subordinates would lead their men from the front lines. They believed that a commander's personal control of the situation would help ease the chaos of the battlefield." ⇒「米国軍の成功のもう一つの理由は、戦場での小さな部隊の指揮官の大胆さだった。後部から兵士に命じる他の将校とは違って、パットン大佐とその部下は、彼らの配下の兵士を最前線から導いたのである。彼らは、指揮官が場面に臨んで指揮することは戦場の混乱を和らげるのに役立つ、と信じていた」。

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