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質問

The Battle of Havrincourt was a World War I battle fought on 12 September 1918, involving the British Third Army (under the command of General Sir Julian Byng) against German troops, including those of the 3rd and 10th Corps, in the town of Havrincourt, France. Although these battles were relatively small achievements in light of what would follow it marked the first time that the Hindenburg Line was pierced. Background
Three divisions of the Third Army attacked the village of Havrincourt: the 62nd Division, New Zealand Division and 37th Division. Defending Havrincourt were four German divisions, from the 3rd and 10th Corps. In the normal course of events, the 62nd Division would not have been there but they had been given the Havrincourt sector out of respect for their performance there in 1917, the 62nd [West Riding] Division took Havrincourt and the 37th took Trescourt.
Prelude and description
In 1918, despite their numerical superiority and strong fortifications within the town, the Germans were unable to hold their position and by the day's end Havricourt was in British hands. The victory was not particularly showy or impressive, but it highlighted a growing lack of fighting spirit among the German soldiers on the Western Front. While some took no notice of this small battle, others noted its significance – indeed, Byng himself saw it as a turning point of sorts;
"He reckons his most important day with the 3rd Army to have been the capture of Havrincourt by the 56th Division in September 1918. He supported it quickly with two other divisions, and the Boches threw two of the old Vionville divisions of their 3rd and 10th Corps, Brandenburgers and Hanoverians, against him with two more in reserve. They were well beaten, and the heart was out of the enemy afterwards." – as recounted by Colonel Charles à Court Repington.
Aftermath
This victory encouraged Field Marshal Douglas Haig to approve an attack on Epéhy the following day, along with other operations to prepare for the assault on the Hindenburg Line.
Sergeant Laurence Calvert was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions during the battle.

The Battle of Havrincourt　アヴランクールの戦い

The Battle of Saint-Mihiel was a major World War I battle fought from 12–15 September 1918, involving the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) and 110,000 French troops under the command of General John J. Pershing of the United States against German positions. The U.S. Army Air Service (which later became the U.S. Air Force) played a significant role in this action.

Saint-Mihiel サン＝ミエル

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The Battle of Havrincourt was a World War I battle fought on 12 September 1918, involving the British Third Army (under the command of General Sir Julian Byng) against German troops, including those of the 3rd and 10th Corps, in the town of Havrincourt, France. Although these battles were relatively small achievements in light of what would follow it marked the first time that the Hindenburg Line was pierced.
⇒「アヴランクールの戦い」は、1918年9月12日に行われた第一次世界大戦の一つであり、フランス、アヴランクールの町に駐屯する第3軍団および第10軍団を含むドイツ軍隊に対抗する（将軍ジュリアン・ビング麾下の）英国第3方面軍がこれに関わった。これらの戦いは、それに続いた最初のヒンデンブルク戦線突破のときに比べれば比較的小さな成果であった。

＞Background
　Three divisions of the Third Army attacked the village of Havrincourt: the 62nd Division, New Zealand Division and 37th Division. Defending Havrincourt were four German divisions, from the 3rd and 10th Corps. In the normal course of events, the 62nd Division would not have been there but they had been given the Havrincourt sector out of respect for their performance there in 1917, the 62nd [West Riding] Division took Havrincourt and the 37th took Trescourt.
⇒背景
　第3方面軍の第62師団、ニュージーランド師団、第37師団の3個師団がアヴランクール村を攻撃した。このアヴランクールを擁護するのは、ドイツ軍第3軍団と第10軍団から来た4個師団であった。本件の通常の流れで見ると、第62師団はそこにはいなかったが、彼らの1917年の活動成績に敬意を表してアヴランクール地区を与えられた。第62〔西ライディング〕師団はアヴランクールを、第37師団はトレスクールを獲得した。

＞Prelude and description
　In 1918, despite their numerical superiority and strong fortifications within the town, the Germans were unable to hold their position and by the day's end Havricourt was in British hands. The victory was not particularly showy or impressive, but it highlighted a growing lack of fighting spirit among the German soldiers on the Western Front. While some took no notice of this small battle, others noted its significance – indeed, Byng himself saw it as a turning point of sorts;
⇒序言と説明
　1918年、町内の数的優位性と強力な要塞にもかかわらず、ドイツ軍は自軍の陣地を維持することができず、アヴランクールはその日の終わりまでに英国軍の手中に落ちた。勝利は、特に華々しくも印象的でもなかったが、西部前線のドイツ軍兵士たちの間で広がる戦闘精神の欠如が強調された。この小さな戦いは、これに気づいていない人もいたが、その意義を認める者もいた。実際、ビング自身は、それをある種の転換点と見ていた。

＞"He reckons his most important day with the 3rd Army to have been the capture of Havrincourt by the 56th Division in September 1918. He supported it quickly with two other divisions, and the Boches threw two of the old Vionville divisions of their 3rd and 10th Corps, Brandenburgers and Hanoverians, against him with two more in reserve. They were well beaten, and the heart was out of the enemy afterwards." – as recounted by Colonel Charles à Court Repington.
⇒「彼（ビング）は、第3方面軍にとって最も重要な一日は1918年9月に所属の第56師団によるアヴランクール攻略であった、と見なしている。彼は他の2個師団とともにすばやくそれを支え、ボッシュは第3、第10軍団から来た旧ビオビユ師団のうちの２個師団を投入した。それに対抗したのは、ブランデンブルク隊とハノーバー隊で、予備として2個隊が控えていた。彼らは完膚なきまでに破れたが、後に敵愾心などは脱却していた。」―このように、クール・レピントンのシャルル大佐は詳述した。

＞Aftermath
　This victory encouraged Field Marshal Douglas Haig to approve an attack on Epéhy the following day, along with other operations to prepare for the assault on the Hindenburg Line.
　Sergeant Laurence Calvert was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions during the battle.
⇒余波
　この勝利により、ダグラス・ヘイグ元帥は、ヒンデンブルク戦線の襲撃に備えるための他の作戦行動とともに、翌日のエペフィに対する攻撃を承認する意を得た。
　この戦闘中の活躍により、ローレンス・カルバート曹長がビクトリア十字勲章を授与された。

＞The Battle of Saint-Mihiel was a major World War I battle fought from 12–15 September 1918, involving the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) and 110,000 French troops under the command of General John J. Pershing of the United States against German positions. The U.S. Army Air Service (which later became the U.S. Air Force) played a significant role in this action.
⇒「サン=ミエルの戦い」は、1918年9月12日－15日に戦われた主要な第一次世界大戦であり、アメリカ遠征軍（AEF）と11万人のフランス軍隊がジョン・J.パーシング将軍の指揮下、ドイツ軍の陣地に対する攻撃に参戦した。米国方面軍航空隊（後の米国空軍）がこの戦闘行動で重要な役割を果たした。

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