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いつもお世話になります。ひきつづきアメリカの刑務所と厳罰がうみだす矛盾についての文章の一部です。長文になってしまい申し訳ありませんが、どなたか良いアドバイスをおねがいしますm(＿ ＿)m １．According to Clear, this informal social control -- first in families, then in small networks of families -- helps to build both discipline and opportunity structures. 注：Clearは人名 ２．Then: "Children who grow up in areas where substantial amounts of human capital are not easily acquired struggle with inadequate schools, limited leisure time choices and insufficient formative supports. The systematic absence or weakening of male sources of support makes a bad situation worse and adds a further impediment to overcoming the disadvantages of birth. (1) 1パラ opportunity structures を直訳すると「機会構造」となるのですが、具体的にどういった事を表しているのか分りません。これは２パラの事なのでしょうか？ もう少し分り易い訳にしたいのですが思いつきません。 (2) ２パラ４行目の insufficient formative supports は「(子供の）成長する時期に十分な支えがない」ということでしょうか？ (3) ２パラ７行目 and adds ～ で disadvantages of birth が上手く訳すことができません。 長文になってしまい 申し訳ありませんが どなたか良いアドバイスをお願いします。
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According to Clear, this informal social control -- first in families, then in small networks of families -- helps to build both discipline and opportunity structures. クリア氏によれば，こうした周囲の大人による，生活の場面での指導―まず第一に家庭での取り組みが必要だが，それとあわせて家々が協力して子供たちを導いていくこと―こそが，生活指導と健全育成の機会を一体のものとして作り上げていく底力になるのだという。 Then: "Children who grow up in areas where substantial amounts of human capital are not easily acquired struggle with inadequate schools, limited leisure time choices and insufficient formative supports. The systematic absence or weakening of male sources of support makes a bad situation worse and adds a further impediment to overcoming the disadvantages of birth. 氏はさらに言う：青少年育成にかかわれる人の数が簡単にはそろわない地域で子供が育つと，学校の指導力が足りない，余暇があってもろくなことをする場所や機会がない，人間形成といったってろくなお手本もいないし説教してくれるひともいない，ということになる。それでなくとも子供たちが荒れているというのに，学校，警察などに男性の指導者・補導者がいなかったり，いても力量不足だったりという状態では，荒れはますますひどくなる。ひとたび劣悪な環境で生まれると，ますます悪影響の克服は難しくなってしまう，ということになるのである。
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１． build 「both discipline and opportunity structures」 のこれがひとかたまりです。 「懲戒と機会(付与)の構造」 叱ったり、自らに気付かせたりという仕組み作りが家庭に必要だということでしょう。 ２．よいと思います。 ３．「生まれによる不利な立場」と訳せると思います。
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お礼がおそくなりすみません。いつも的確なアドバイスをいただき大変感謝しております。opportunity は機会という意味だということはわかっていたのですが、具体的な内容が理解できました。ありがとうございましたm(_ _)m
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長い文章にもかかわらず全文を訳してくださりありがとうございました。文章の趣旨をとらえ 単語の直訳ではなく、それに適した訳をすることによって、より滑らかで分り易い訳出ができるのですね。大変勉強になりました。ありがとうございましたm(_ _)m