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英文の要約とトピックセンテンス

日本語の文章構成では「起承転結」がよくありますが、 ある主張を述べる英文エッセイやショートスピーチでは、 通常、結論(自分の主張)を述べてから、 その理由を2~3述べて、 それぞれの理由に具体例を付けて、 最後に、再度、冒頭の結論を 別な表現で念押ししておく、 というパターンが一般的かと思います。 ですから、英文を要約する場合も、 まず、筆者の主張のポイント(結論)を見つけて、 その理由を拾い上げれば、 大体の骨組みはできて、 それほど、的外れな要約にはならないとはずです。 以下の英文ですが、 読解力不足のせいかと思いますが、 どうも、筆書の主張がどこにあるのか、 よくわかりません。 この英文エッセイで筆者は結局、 何を言いたかったのでしょうか? A Biology of Mental Disorder By Eric Kandel http://www.newsweek.com/id/204320 Understanding the biology of mental illness would be a paradigm shift in our thinking about mind. It would not only inform us about some of the most devastating diseases of humankind but, because these are diseases of thought and feeling, it would also tell us more about who we are and how we function. I naively thought we were on the verge of such a paradigm change in 1983, when James Gusella and Nancy Wexler were tracking down the gene that causes Huntington's disease. I expected that within 10 years we would have found the major genes that contribute to schizophrenia, depression, and autism. Since then, there has been a lot of enthusiasm about genes and mental illness and some false starts, but surprisingly little progress. ~途中略~ Taken together, these advances could open up new approaches to the treatment of depression, bipolar disorders, and schizophrenia, areas that have been at a pharmacological standstill for decades. Along the way we may also learn something about who we are. どなたか、わかりやすいご解説を添えて、 英文で日本文でも結構ですので、 要約して頂ければ幸いです。

  • 英語
  • 回答数5
  • ありがとう数8

みんなの回答

noname#129435
noname#129435
回答No.5

とりあえずURLの全文を拾い読みしました。   最初のパラグラフはイントロダクションで、最後の文 "there has been a lot of enthusiasm about genes and mental illness and some false starts, but surprisingly little progress." が主題(thesis statement)で、この記事全体で何の話をするかを示しています。   2番目のパラグラフのトピックセンテンスは "In the past few years, however, certain advances in genetics have given us new reasons for optimism. "   3番目のパラグラフのトピックセンテンスは "One major advance has been the discovery that there is much more variability in the genome than had been anticipated, and that this takes the form of copy number variation (CNV). " 4番目のパラグラフのトピックセンテンスは "A specific type of―called de novo mutations―may be relevant to autism." 5番目のパラグラフのトピックセンテンスは "Scientists are also making progress in finding the biological markers for depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive neurosis." 6番目のトピックセンテンスは "The most convincing scientific progress in psychiatry in the past decade has had little to do with genomics."   最後のパラグラフはコンクルージョン(結び)で 最初の文(と言っても文が2つしかない) "Taken together, these advances could open up new approaches to the treatment of depression, bipolar disorders, and schizophrenia, areas that have been at a pharmacological standstill for decades." が要点になります。   私は日本語が下手なので、詳しい日本語訳はつけられないのですが、 主題とトピックセンテンスと結びをつなげて読むと、この作者が書きたかった事の要約になると思います。   すごい大約で申し訳ないのですが・・・ CNVと精神疾患の生物学的マーカー(どちらも遺伝子学)と脳の学習と記憶の生理学(どれも生物学に関わる分野)が、薬理学では行き詰っていた分野であるうつ病、双極性うつ病、統合失調症などの治療法に打開策をもたらすのではないか? (生物学はついでに私たちが何者かをも解き明かしてくれるし…) と、いう感じかな?

monfeb15
質問者

お礼

ご回答ありがとうございます。大変、参考になりました。 また、お力添え下さい。

noname#125540
noname#125540
回答No.4

No.1です。 大雑把にしか読めないので大雑把ですが、 精神疾患を生物学的に理解することは、心(精神?)についての考え方を変えることになるかもしれない。さまざまな精神疾患に関わる遺伝子研究がなされている。まだ進歩は少ないが、そのような研究は薬学治療だけでは行き詰まりのある疾患の治療に役立つかもしれないし、我々が何者であるのかを知ることに何かしら役立つのではないか、というような話かと思いました。

monfeb15
質問者

お礼

再度のご回答ありがとうございます。とても参考になりました。

noname#202629
noname#202629
回答No.3

精神病が遺伝子(gene)から来るものであろうとするここ十年の考え方から、遺伝子というより はその全体を司るゲノメ(genome)の作用が大きく関るのではないかと言っているような気がします。 下記の章が In the past few years, however, certain advances in genetics have given us new reasons for optimism. Now that we can look at the whole human genome, there is a logic to it that we could not appreciate when looking at genes in isolation. As a result, there is reason to believe that the next 10 to 20 years will be more fruitful than the past two decades have been. それを代弁していと思います。後に続く章は、genomeに関する新たな実証例になる。そして、下記の章が現段階で分かっている親から子に引き継がれる病理学上の遺伝ではなく、脳に対するgeneの役割になるのかな? The most convincing scientific progress in psychiatry in the past decade has had little to do with genomics. It is the rigorous, scientific verification that certain forms of psychotherapy are effective. This is perhaps not surprising. One of the major insights in the modern biology of learning and memory is that education, experience, and social interactions affect the brain. When you learn something and then remember it for a long time, it's because genes are being turned on and off in certain brain cells, leading to the growth of new synaptic contacts between the nerve cells of the brain. Insofar as psychotherapy works and produces stable, learned changes in behavior, it can cause stable anatomical changes in the brain. We are now beginning to measure such changes with brain imaging. If a person with obsessive-compulsive neurosis or depression undergoes psychotherapy—and if the treatment is successful in changing behavior—the treatment will cause a reversal in the biological markers of these disorders. この二つの側面から今後の研究が展開されるであろうと結んでいるような・・・・気がしますが、専門外で的外れかもしれません。

monfeb15
質問者

お礼

お手数おかけし、まことにありがとうございました。 自分には荷の重い課題で、正直、よくわかりませんが、 ありがとうございました。また、よろしくご指導下さい。

  • mabomk
  • ベストアンサー率40% (1414/3521)
回答No.2

済みません、無知なド素人が首を突っ込みます(泣)、此処までの文章では殆どが過去形で語られており、結論めいたモノは「最近の研究成果云々、、、、」だけで、結論めいたモノは記事の後半部分で(斜め読みはしましたが、ちんぷんかんぷんでした)しか語られておりません 一応、此処までの文章なら、これをタイトルにしてとしか、これでご勘弁下さい。 ////////////////////////////////////////////// A history of metal illness research and the latest advancement/or achievement ////////////////////////////////////////////// 筆書の主張がどこにあるのか、この英文エッセイで筆者は結局何を言いたかったのかは、後半部分に集約されておるような気がするのですが、如何でしょうか?

monfeb15
質問者

お礼

ありがとうございました。参考になりました。

noname#125540
noname#125540
回答No.1

アホなことを言っていたらすみませんが、 Understanding the biology of mental illness would be a paradigm shift in our thinking about mind. これがトピックセンテンスなのではないんですか? 違うのかな。

monfeb15
質問者

お礼

回答ありがとうございます。実は、最初にこの英文を読んだとき、自分もタイトルともかぶるココがトピックセンテンスかと、思ったのですが、その後の話の展開が、自分には迷路に入り込んでいくように感じてしまい、わけがわからなくなっていきました。結局、最後のパラグラフでも同じようなコトを述べてますので、タイトルからしても、たぶんココでいいんでしょうが、結局、筆者の言いたいことをうまく要約できません。よろしくお願い致します。

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