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質問

RMS Lusitania was a British ocean liner that was sunk on 7 May 1915 by a German U-boat 11 miles (18 km) off the southern coast of Ireland. The sinking presaged the United States declaration of war on Germany two years later.
Lusitania held the Blue Riband appellation for the fastest Atlantic crossing and was briefly the world's largest passenger ship until the completion of her sister ship Mauretania three months later. The Cunard Line launched her in 1906 at a time of fierce competition for the North Atlantic trade. She was sunk on her 202nd trans-Atlantic crossing.
German shipping lines were aggressive competitors for the custom of transatlantic passengers in the early 20th century, and Cunard responded by trying to outdo them in speed, capacity, and luxury. Cunard used assistance from the British Admiralty to build Lusitania, on the understanding that the ship would be available as a light merchant cruiser in time of war. She had gun mounts for deck cannons, but no guns were ever installed.
Both Lusitania and Mauretania were fitted with revolutionary new turbine engines that enabled them to maintain a service speed of 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph). They were equipped with lifts, wireless telegraph, and electric light, and provided 50-percent more passenger space than any other ship; the first-class decks were noted for their sumptuous furnishings.
The Royal Navy had blockaded Germany at the start of the First World War; the UK declared the entire North Sea a war zone in the autumn of 1914 and mined the approaches. In the spring of 1915, all food imports for Germany were declared contraband. RMS Lusitania left New York for Britain on 1 May 1915 when German submarine warfare was intensifying in the Atlantic. Germany had declared the seas around the United Kingdom a war zone, and the German embassy in the United States had placed newspaper advertisements warning people of the dangers of sailing on Lusitania. On the afternoon of 7 May, a German U-boat torpedoed Lusitania 11 miles (18 km) off the southern coast of Ireland inside the declared war zone. A second internal explosion sank her in 18 minutes, killing 1,198 passengers and crew.
The Germans justified treating Lusitania as a naval vessel because she was carrying hundreds of tons of war munitions, making her a legitimate military target, and they argued that British merchant ships had violated the cruiser rules from the very beginning of the war. The internationally recognized cruiser rules were obsolete by 1915; it had become more dangerous for submarines to surface and give warning with the British introduction of Q-ships in 1915 with concealed deck guns.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞RMS Lusitania was a British ocean liner that was sunk on 7 May 1915 by a German U-boat 11 miles (18 km) off the southern coast of Ireland. The sinking presaged the United States declaration of war on Germany two years later.
　Lusitania held the Blue Riband appellation for the fastest Atlantic crossing and was briefly the world's largest passenger ship until the completion of her sister ship Mauretania three months later. The Cunard* Line launched her in 1906 at a time of fierce competition for the North Atlantic trade. She was sunk on her 202nd trans-Atlantic crossing.
⇒RMSルシタニア号は、1915年5月7日にアイルランドの南海岸から11マイル（18キロ）離れた海域でドイツ軍のUボートによって沈められた英国軍の大洋戦線艦であった。この沈没が、2年後のドイツ軍に対する米国の宣戦布告の前兆となった。
　ルシタニア号は、大西洋横断の最速航路「ブルー・リバンド」の代名詞を保持し、3か月後に姉妹船モーレタニア号が完成するまで、世界最大の旅客船であった。北大西洋貿易にとって激しい競争時代の1906年に、「キュナード*ライン（航路）」が本船を立ち上げた。本船は202回目の大西洋横断中に沈没した。
＊Cunard：19～20世紀初頭の英国の船主。大西洋定期航路を開拓した。

＞German shipping lines were aggressive competitors for the custom of transatlantic passengers in the early 20th century, and Cunard responded by trying to outdo them in speed, capacity, and luxury. Cunard used assistance from the British Admiralty to build Lusitania, on the understanding that the ship would be available as a light merchant cruiser in time of war. She had gun mounts for deck cannons, but no guns were ever installed.
⇒ドイツの船会社航路は20世紀初頭の大西洋横断乗客の慣行に対する積極的な競争相手であり、キュナードは速度、容量、および豪華さでそれを凌ぐべく対応した。キュナードは、この船が戦争時に軽商船として利用できるという理解に訴えて、英国海軍の援助を利用してルシタニア号を建造した。本船はデッキ砲門用の砲座があったが、銃砲そのものは設置されていなかった。

＞Both Lusitania and Mauretania were fitted with revolutionary new turbine engines that enabled them to maintain a service speed of 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph). They were equipped with lifts, wireless telegraph, and electric light, and provided 50-percent more passenger space than any other ship; the first-class decks were noted for their sumptuous furnishings.
⇒ルシタニア号とモーレタニア号の両方に、革新的な新しいタービン・エンジンが搭載され、25ノット（46キロ/29マイル毎時）の巡航速度を維持できた。それらはエレベーター、無線電信、電灯を備えており、他のどの船よりも50％多くの乗客スペースを提供した。一流のデッキは豪華な家具で有名であった。

＞The Royal Navy had blockaded Germany at the start of the First World War; the UK declared the entire North Sea a war zone in the autumn of 1914 and mined the approaches. In the spring of 1915, all food imports for Germany were declared contraband. RMS Lusitania left New York for Britain on 1 May 1915 when German submarine warfare was intensifying in the Atlantic. Germany had declared the seas around the United Kingdom a war zone, and the German embassy in the United States had placed newspaper advertisements warning people of the dangers of sailing on Lusitania. On the afternoon of 7 May, a German U-boat torpedoed Lusitania 11 miles (18 km) off the southern coast of Ireland inside the declared war zone. A second internal explosion sank her in 18 minutes, killing 1,198 passengers and crew.
⇒英国海軍は、第一次世界大戦の開始時にドイツを封鎖していた。英国は1914年秋に北海全体を戦争地帯と宣言し、接近海路に水雷を敷設した。1915年の春、すべてのドイツ用食品輸入は密輸品と宣言された。RMSルシタニア号は1915年5月1日に英国に向けてニューヨークを離れたが、その時ドイツ軍による潜水艦戦争が大西洋で激化していた。ドイツは英国周辺の海を戦争海域と宣言したので、米国のドイツ大使館はルシタニア号での航行の危険性を人々に警告する新聞広告を掲載した。5月7日の午後、ドイツ軍のUボートが宣言された戦争海域内のアイルランドの南海岸から11マイル（18キロ）離れたルシタニア号を魚雷で攻撃した。2回目の内部爆発により18分で本船が沈没し、1,198人の乗客と乗組員が死亡した。

＞The Germans justified treating Lusitania as a naval vessel because she was carrying hundreds of tons of war munitions, making her a legitimate military target, and they argued that British merchant ships had violated the cruiser rules from the very beginning of the war. The internationally recognized cruiser rules were obsolete by 1915; it had become more dangerous for submarines to surface and give warning with the British introduction of Q-ships in 1915 with concealed deck guns.
⇒ドイツは、ルシタニア号を何百トンもの戦争用弾薬を運んでいたために海軍の船として扱うことを正当化し、正当な軍事的標的としたのである。そして彼らは、英国の商船が戦争の最初から巡洋艦の規則に違反したと主張した。国際的に認められた巡洋艦ルールは1915年までに廃止された。英国が1915年に隠されたデッキ銃砲を装備するQ-シップ（疑惑船舶）を導入したことで、潜水艦が浮上して警告弾を発砲することによって一層危険になった。

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