ヨーロッパ諸国の動きから第一次世界大戦が勃発

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  • ロシアはセルビアのためにオーストリアハンガリーに対して一部の動員を行い、ドイツも反応して一部の動員を行った。
  • オーストリアハンガリーはセルビアに対して宣戦布告し、ドイツはロシアに宣戦布告した。
  • この動きが重なり、第一次世界大戦が勃発した。
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日本語訳をお願いいたします。

The next day, after the Council of Ministers of Russia was held under the chairmanship of the Tsar at Krasnoe Selo, Russia ordered general mobilization for Odessa, Kiev, Kazan and Moscow military districts and fleets of the Baltic and the Black Sea. They also asked for other regions to accelerate preparations for general mobilization. Serbia decreed general mobilization on the 25th and that night, declared that they accepted all the terms of the ultimatum, except article six, which demanded that Austrian delegates be allowed in Serbia for the purpose of participation in the investigation into the assassination. Following this, Austria broke off diplomatic relations with Serbia, and the next day ordered a partial mobilization. Finally, on 28 July 1914, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. On 29 July, Russia, in support of its Serb protégé, unilaterally declared – outside of the conciliation procedure provided by the Franco-Russian military agreements – partial mobilization against Austria-Hungary. German Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg was then allowed until the 31st for an appropriate response. On the 30th, Russia ordered general mobilization against Germany. In response, the following day, Germany declared a "state of danger of war." This also led to the general mobilization in Austria-Hungary on 4 August. Kaiser Wilhelm II asked his cousin, Tsar Nicolas II, to suspend the Russian general mobilization. When he refused, Germany issued an ultimatum demanding the arrest of its mobilization and commitment not to support Serbia. Another was sent to France, asking her not to support Russia if it were to come to the defence of Serbia. On 1 August, after the Russian response, Germany mobilized and declared war on Russia.

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  • Nakay702
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回答No.1

その翌日、ロシアの担当大臣会議がクラスノエ・セロでツァー（皇帝）の議長の下で開催されたあと、ロシアはオデッサ、キエフ、カザン、モスクワ軍隊地区、およびバルト海と黒海の艦隊に総動員を命じた。彼らはまた、総動員に対する準備を早めるために、他の地域にも要請を出した。 セルビアは25日に総動員を命じ、その日の夜、記事第6項以外はすべての条件を受け入れると断言した。その記事第6項とは、オーストリア代表団が暗殺調査への参加目的でセルビアに入ることを認めるようにとの要求であった。この後、オーストリアはセルビアとの外交関係を絶って、その翌日部分的な動員を命じた。最終的には、1914年7月28日にオーストリア・ハンガリーはセルビアに宣戦布告した。 7月29日、ロシアはセルビア保護領を支持して、一方的に －フランス・ロシアの軍事協定によって提供される調停手順の外で－ オーストリア・ハンガリーに対する部分的な動員を宣言した。そのときドイツのベートマン・ホルヴェーク首相は、適切な反応のために31日まで（待つことを）認められた。30日に、ロシアはドイツに対して総動員を命じた。それに応えて、翌日ドイツは「事実上の戦争状態」を宣言した。 このことはまた、8月4日のオーストリア・ハンガリーにおける総動員に至った。皇帝ウィルヘルムII世が、彼のいとこであるツァー・ニコラスII世にロシアの総動員を停止するよう依頼した。彼ニコラスがそれを拒絶したとき、ドイツは動員の引き止めを要求する最後通告と、セルビアを支持しない約束を通達した。もう一つの通達がフランスに送られて、もしロシアがセルビアの防衛に馳せつけることになるとしても、ロシアを支援しないよう頼んだ。8月1日に、ロシアの（拒絶的）反応の後、ドイツはロシアに対する動員と宣戦を布告した。

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