The Global Impact of Cancer on Poor Women: Exploding Myths and Inspiring Solutions
- Cancer has become a deadly issue for poor women, with disparities in mortality rates between wealthy and poor countries.
- There are several myths about global cancer that need to be debunked, including the belief that nothing can be done and that it would cost too much.
- Students play a key role in finding innovative solutions to the cancer challenge and can be inspired to get involved.
- #GlobalCancerDisparities
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"It has very much become a cancer of poor women and a cancer for which poor women die," she said. Disparities in mortality extend to highly treatable cancers, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, fatal to just 10 percent of patients in wealthy countries but deadly 90 percent of the time in poor countries. Knaul said there are several myths about global cancer that need to be exploded, including that there's nothing that can be done, that tackling the problem would cost too much, and that bigger health issues plague the developing world. All are false, she said, adding that institutions like HSPH are key to gathering affordable, innovative solutions from around the world that can be used toward new strategies to meet the challenge. Students are a big part of the solution, Knaul said, because they'll be designing the health solutions of tomorrow. In addition to organizing Friday's event, students who have been touched by cancer planned to participate and share their stories of surviving or supporting a family member's struggles with the disease. Toni Kuguru, one of the student organizers, became interested in the subject when her husband, David, became ill with multiple myeloma. He was treated in the United States and is currently in remission, but the episode got Toni Kuguru thinking about the health care system in his native Kenya, where the outcome could have been different. Kuguru said she hopes that more students will get involved after hearing about the problem and the personal testimony of those touched by cancer. "What we're hoping for the student body is that they'll be inspired. We're hoping students understand there's lots of possibilities out there to become involved," Kuguru said.
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「子宮頸がんは貧困国女性のがんになっています。それでそうした女性が死んでいくのです」とKnaulさん。 死亡率の格差は、かなり治療できるようながんにも及んでいます。たとえば急性リンパ性白血病です。これは富裕国では１０％の致死率にすぎませんが、貧困国では９０％も死にます。 世界のがん状況をめぐって間違った神話がいくつかあるので、打破しないといけない、とKnaulさんは言います。たとえばがんはどうしようもないだとか、がんにとりくむにはコストが大きすぎるだとか、途上国ではもっと大変な病だってあるだとか。Knaulさんによれば、全部間違いだ。HSPHのような組織は、手頃で革新的な解決策を世界中から集約するための鍵となります。こうした解決策は難しい課題にとりくむ新戦略となりえます、Knaulさんはこう続ける。 途中までです。意訳してます。原文サイトも参考にしました。
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- Nakay702
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以下のとおりお答えします。 （訳文） 「それ（子宮頸癌？）は、それを患う貧しい女性と、それで死ぬ貧しい女性がとても多い癌です」と、彼女は語った。 重篤なリンパ母細胞の白血病など、高度に治療可能な癌に死亡率の相違が拡がり、裕福な国ではわずか10％の患者が致命的になるだけなのに、貧しい国では同時期に90％の患者が死に瀕している。 世界的な癌について、打破すべき根拠のない考え方が幾つもあります、とノールは語った。打つべき手が何もないとか、それに取り組むには莫大な費用がかかるとか、開発途上国の健康問題の方がより大きく深刻である、など（の考え）が含まれます、と。すべては偽りです、と彼女は言って、HSPH(*)のような組織は、世界中から挑戦に応えるべき新しい戦略として活用できるような手ごろで革新的な解決策を収集する拠点である、とつけ加えた。 (*)HSPH：「ハーバード公衆衛生大学院」(Harvard School of Public Health)。 学生たちが解決の大部分を担ってくれます、なぜなら彼らが明日の健康解決策を設計してくれるでしょうから、とノールは語った。癌問題に触れてきた学生たちは、金曜イベントの組織化に加えて、家族構成員の病気との戦いを生き抜いたりそれを支援したりするという筋書きに参加し、共有する計画を立てたのです、と。 彼女の夫デイビッドが複数個所の骨髄腫を患った時に、学生組織員のうちの1人であるトニー・クグルーはその問題に興味をもった。彼（デイビッド）は米国で治療を受け、目下軽快に向かっているけれども、その話を聞いてトニー・クグルーは、彼の生まれ故郷ケニアでの医療システムについて考え、そこでなら結果が違うかもしれないと考えた。 そういう問題や、癌になった人々の個人的な証言を耳にした後で、より多くの学生がそれに関わってくれることを彼女は望んでいるのです、とクグルーは述べた。 「私達が学生全体のために望んでいることは、みんなが奮い立つことです。私達は、学生にとってその問題と関わるのにたくさんの可能性があるのだと知ることを望んでいます」、とこのようにクグルーは語った。 以上、ご回答まで。
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If the focus on cancer sometimes tilts toward its impact in rich, industrialized nations, statistics show that the disease is a scourge all around the world, with 95 percent of cancer deaths occurring in developing countries. Children in poor countries aren't spared. An estimated 90 percent of children with cancer die in the world's 25 poorest countries, compared with just 12 percent in a wealthy country such as Canada, according to statistics from the Global Task Force on Expanded Access to Cancer Care and Control in Developing Countries. That glaring disparity has mobilized a group of Harvard School of Public Health (HSPS) students. The students, together with the HSPH student government, the student group Students in Latino Public Health, and the Harvard Global Equity Initiative, have put together a half-day event to raise awareness and dispel myths about cancer as a global health issue. The event, scheduled for Friday at the School of Public Health's Kresge Building, marks World Cancer Day on Monday. As part of their commitment, students are also gathering signatures for the World Cancer Declaration by the Union for International Cancer Control, which contains a list of 11 cancer-related health priorities. "There is a lot of difference between what happens in low-income countries and what happens in high-income countries," said HSPH student Sebastián Rodríguez Llamazares. Rodriguez said the effort calls attention to the fact that cancer is a serious problem in poor nations and that steps to prevent or treat it—routine in richer countries—should be part of the global health agenda. Associate Professor of Medicine Felicia Knaul, who heads the Harvard Global Equity Initiative, which supports student World Cancer Day efforts, said there are few cancers whose outcomes are similar in both developed and developing countries. Pancreatic cancer is one, because it's equally deadly everywhere. "For every other cancer that can be treated, the outcomes are very different," said Knaul, a breast cancer survivor. There are several reasons for the disparity. People in poor countries seldom hear messages about lifestyle changes—don't smoke, eat a healthy diet, exercise—that have been shown to prevent cancer. Similarly, a vaccine that can prevent one cancer fatal to women, cervical cancer, is not widely distributed. As a result, 90 percent of cervical cancer cases are found in developing countries, Knaul said.
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Climate change is often associated with extreme weather events, melting glaciers and rising sea levels. But it could also have a major impact on human, animal and plant health by making it easier for diseases to spread. Various germs and parasites may find the coming years a time to live longer and prosper. Rising temperatures are changing environments and removing some of their natural impediments. Sonia Altizer is an associate professor at the University of Georgia’s Odum School of Ecology and lead author of the study. She said it’s a review of research done over the past 10 years to see what trends and new information on climate change have emerged. “One of the big themes that has emerged is that there’s a lot of diseases, especially in natural systems, where there as a pretty clear signal that either the prevalence or severity of those diseases has increased in response to climate change.” She said some of those natural systems where the signal is strongest are in the arctic and in warmer oceans. “So in the arctic there are parasitic worms that affect muskox and reindeer, for example, that are developing faster and becoming more prevalent and expanding their ranges. And then in tropical oceans, like Caribbean coral reefs, there’s a large amount of evidence that has mounted that shows that warming interferes with the symbiosis of corals – makes them more vulnerable to disease and at the same time increases the growth rate of some lethal bacteria,” she said. But a second theme emerged indicating that sometimes climate change may have no effect at all. “The other main point that we focused on is that knowing why different pathogens respond differently to climate change is what’s needed to help us predict and ultimately manage disease outbreaks in people and animals and plants,” she said. Some countries will be much better prepared to handle the disease threat than others, like those in Europe and North America. . “Surveillance, vector control, modern sanitation, drugs, vaccines can be deployed to prevent outbreaks of a lot of diseases, especially vector borne disease or diarrheal disease that are much more problematic in the developing world. And so these can counter the effects of climate change and make it hard to detect increases in those pathogens,” said Altizer. Controlling vectors means controlling such things as mosquitos and ticks, which can carry malaria or dengue fever. In developing countries, pathogens affecting agriculture and wildlife could adversely affect food security and the livelihoods of indigenous peoples. So how concerned should health officials be? Altizer said there’s no simple answer. “I think that the answer to it really depends on the location. So where, when and what pathogen? So I think we’re at a stage now where in the next five to ten years scientists will be able to move towards a predictive framework that will be able to answer questions about where in the world and what pathogens are responding and will continue to respond most strongly to climate change.” Altizer says the effects of climate change will unfold over decades. So it’s vital to follow long-term standardized data for many diseases and pathogens. She said crop management may be a good example to follow. It has a long history of tracking disease outbreaks, forecasting potential threats and responding to those threats early.
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Chemotherapy drugs act by interfering with the metabolism or replication of rapidly diving cancer cells. Surprisingly, the first drug used for chemotherapy was mustard gas, a chemical weapon from World War I. In the 1940s, scientists accidentally discovered that exposure to mustard gas inhibited rapid cell division and slowed some kinds of cancers, giving rise to the new medical field of chemotherapy. Once in the bloodstream, most chemotherapy drugs are non-specific in their attack on rapidly dividing cells. This means that while these drugs attack cancer cells, they can also attack other rapidly dividing cells in the body as well. The cells in your blood, mouth, intestinal tract, nose, nails, and hair are also undergoing constant, rapid division, and can suffer serious damage from the treatment. Doctors usually treat cancers with combination therapy, utilizing a mixture of two or more drugs. Combination therapy improves treatment effectiveness because the cancer cells have less chance of building resistance to several chemotherapy drugs. Drug resistance is a major concern in chemotherapy because drugs sometimes become ineffective when cancer cells are no longer affected by the drugs. There are several classes of drugs that are used in chemotherapy: Antibody-based therapies: There new drugs are able to target cancer cells. They represent a promising future in cancer treatment because they spare most of the beneficial cells in the body, and thus have fewer side effects. Antitumor antibiotics: There drugs bind with DNA in active cancer cells and prevent the synthesis of ribonucleic acid(RNA), which is imperative for cell survival. Alkylating agents: These agents add alkyl groups to strategic positions on the cancer DNA strand, making the strands unable to uncoil, thus halting cell division. Antimetabolites: These drugs alter the function of enzymes required for cell metabolism and protein creation, thereby starving cells to death and preventing division. Mitotic inhibitors: These drugs, derived from plants, stop cell reproduction by inhibiting cell division and blocking the use of certain proteins required for mitosis. Doctors and scientists are hard at work to make chemotherapy drugs more effective with fewer side effects. The day may be near when certain types of cancer will be successfully treated through chemotherapy with little or no incidental harm to the body.
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Indeed, such is the demand to learn language that are now more students of English in China than there are people in the United States.
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次の英文の和訳をお願いします。 1.Benjamin Franklin said Heaven helps those who help themselves. 2.We arrived around 4pm, and were welcomed with scorching heat none of us have ever experienced before. 3.My friend actually said that he does'nt care about anything in life and he wouldn't even care if he was to die today. 4.Us sports stars are taking part in a new US Anti-Doping Agency (USADA)extensive test program to help prove they are not using performance-enhancing drugs in the wake of several steroid scandals.
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