ハーバード大学の化学教授、ジョージ・ホワイトサイズと彼のチームの研究成果について
- ハーバード大学の化学教授、ジョージ・ホワイトサイズと彼のチームは、先端科学を用いて途上国の人々を支援しています。
- 彼らは血液/尿検査装置の開発に取り組んでおり、簡単なナノテクノロジーやマイクロフルイドの物理を利用しています。
- この装置は、市販の紙と両面テープを使用し、特定のタンパク質や病気のマーカーと反応するように処理された紙を保護します。
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George Whitesides is a professor of chemistry at Harvard University. He and his team devote a significant amount of their research to the use of cutting-edge science to help people in developing economies. One such project is the creation of a blood/urine testing device that uses simple nanotechnology and the physics of microfluids. In this device, ordinary paper that has been treated to react with particular proteins or other markers of disease is sandwiched with layers of double-sided sticky tape. The tape protects the treated paper from reacting with anything before the test is performed. Since capillary action can be depended on to move a sample from its entry point to the treated areas of paper, no batteries or other power source are necessary for the device to work. Better yet, as paper and sticky tape are both very mature technologies, the materials needed to make these devices are inexpensive and easily obtainable. This device could be used to economically diagnose HIV, malaria, and other diseases. At some point, these devices will benefit people in the developed world as well. For example, if you could administer a simple test by yourself and send or show the result to your doctor, it would save a lot of time and money for all concerned, wouldn’t it? In any case, it is heartening to see scientists working so hard for the benefit of those who need help the most. よろしくお願いします＾＾；
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ジョージ・ホワイトサイド（※1）はハーバード大学で化学の教授をつとめています。 彼とそのチームはものすごい量の研究を、発展途上の国の人々を助ける最先端化学の為に費やしています。 そのひとつのプロジェクトとしてはナノテクノロジーと微小流体力学を使用した血液/尿検査装置の開発があります。 この装置では、たんぱく質や他の疾患のマーカーと反応するように処理された、なんのへんてつもない紙が両面粘着テープの層で挟まれています。 そのテープはテストが行われるまであらゆるものから処理された紙を保護しているのです。 毛管現象（※2）はサンプルを入れたところから処理された紙への動きにより起こるので、装装置を動かす為のバッテリーも他の動力源も必要ないのです。 もっといいことには、紙も粘着テープも両方とても知れ渡った技術なので、装置を作るための材料は安価で容易に手にいれることができます。 この装置は経済的見地から、HIV、マラリア、そしてその他の疾患の診断に使うことができます。 いつかこれらの装置は先進国の人々にも同様に役に立つでしょう。 例えば、もしあなたが自分で簡単なテストを施し、その結果を自分の主治医に送るか見せるかできたら、それは誰もが懸念していた多くの時間とお金の節約になると思いませんか？ いずれにせよ、一番助けを必要とする人々の利益の為に一生懸命働く科学者を見るのは心強い限りです。 ※1：ジョージ・ホワイトサイズについては下記をご参照ください。 http://www.chem-station.com/chemist-db/archives/2007/09/-george-m-whitesides.php ※2：キャピラニーアクションのままでも化学を専攻した人にはわかります。 http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E7%B4%B0%E7%AE%A1%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1
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ハーバード大学化学科のジョージ・ホワイトサイズ教授とそのチームは、 最新科学を途上国の人々を助けるために活用する研究に注力しています。 そうしたプロジェクトの一つに、簡単なナノテクノロジーと微小流体物理学を用いた血液・尿検査器の開発があります。 この検査器では、病気のマーカーとなる特定のタンパク質などを処理する普通の紙を両面粘着テープの層で挟んでいます。 両面テープで処理紙を保護し、検査前に紙が何かと反応するのを防いでいます。 毛細管現象によって検体が投入口から紙の処理領域へ移動するので、検査器の作動に電池などの電源は必要ありません。 更に良いことには、紙も粘着テープも非常に成熟した技術なので、こうした検査器の作成に必要な材料は安価で入手が容易です。 この検査器は、エイズ、マラリヤなどの病気の安価な診断に使うことができるでしょう。 こうした検査器は、ある意味では、先進国の人々にもメリットがあるでしょう。 例えば、あなた自身で検査を行って、その結果をかかりつけの医者に送ったり見せたりできれば、関係者全員の時間と金をずいぶん節約できますよね。 いずれにしても、科学者が一番助けを必要としている人々のために一生懸命になっているのを見るのは、心強いものです。
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Chemists in the United States have made a three-cent-device to test blood or urine using only stick tape and paper. The device does not need a pump or power source and could one day help doctors in the developing world to carry out cheap disposable tests for diseases such as HIV or malaria, its developers claim. George Whitesides and his colleagues at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, made the device by stacking up alternating layers of paper and double-sided sticky tape, which is impermeable to water. The sample is wicked by capillary action along tiny channels cut into the paper, and holes punched into the tape allow fluid flowing in a channel in one layer to mix with that in another. The team has shown that the device can accommodate up to four different samples at once, and used it to test samples of synthetic urine. The researchers were able to detect the levels of protein and glucose in each sample by spotting indicator chemicals onto the device, which changed colour in response to each substance. They then photographed the results with a camera phone and measured the colour change using computer software. Their findings are published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. よろしくお願いします＾＾；
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The test is just the latest cheap diagnostic device to be designed by Whitesides and his colleagues. In October 2008, for instance, the researchers demonstrated that by taping plastic tubing to a $2.50 hand-held egg whisk, they could create an ad hoc centrifuge for separating out plasma from blood in a matter of minutes. ‘It is dream of lots of chemists to make a difference in society,” says Richard Zare, a chemist at Stanford University in California. Zare says that the tool could be used in wealthy countries too to bring down the costs of health care. Patients could also use such devices to perform complex tests on their own blood or urine. This work is “just the starting point”, says Scott Phillips, a Pennsylvania State University chemist who is currently a research fellow in Whitesides’s lab and one of the authors on the recent paper. The egg-whisk centrifuge and the paper-and-tape diagnostic device will need to be developed further before they’re ready for the clinic, he says. Whitesides has started a non-profit enterprise called Diagnostics for All, Phillips Says, with the goal of translating these early lab prototypes into useful devices for poor countries. The team is also working on a portable protein detector that tests blood for HIV antibodies. よろしくお願いします＾＾；
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