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（１）「大地は形の定まらない虚空で、それが広がる表面は闇に覆われていた。しかし、海の表面は神の風に掃き清められていた」 'the earth' と 'the waters' が対義語となって、主節と従属節で それぞれについて語られているものと思います。 'deep' は名詞として使われる場合には「時間や空間の広がり」を 意味することがあり、ここでは前出の 'void' の広がりを意味して いると思います。 （２）「貧窮と激しい飢餓により、土地は枯れて荒れ果てている」 'gnaw～through…' で「…をかじって～にする」という慣用句が あるようですが、'gnaw' と 'through' の位置関係から、ここの 'through' は 'gnaw' と結びつくのではなく、「手段・媒介・ 原因」を意味しているものと思います。
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（１）土地は（下界は？）形のない空虚で、海面は暗黒に覆われていた、そして神からの風が波の上を吹いていた。 （２）窮乏と飢餓で彼らは乾き荒れた土地を齧る。
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