ヘシオドスの叙事詩『仕事と日々』と『鳥たちの占い』について
- 『仕事と日々』とよく似たヘシオドスの叙事詩のうち、唯一極貧の断片が残っています。
- 『鳥たちの占い』は『仕事』の巻末についていたが、アポロニウス・ロディウスによって否定されました。
- 『鳥たちの占い』は鳥からの前兆に注目することで災害を避ける方法など、人間の生き方についてのテーマを続けています。
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QA60……この英文はどう訳せばよいでしょうか
QA60 Of the Hesiodic poems similar in character to the "Works and Days", only the scantiest fragments survive. One at least of these, the "Divination by Birds", was, as we know from Proclus, attached to the end of the "Works" until it was rejected by Apollonius Rhodius: doubtless it continued the same theme of how to live, showing how man can avoid disasters by attending to the omens to be drawn from birds. 性格的に『仕事と日々』とよく似たヘシオドスの叙事詩のうち、唯一極貧の断片が残っています。少なくともそのうちの一つ『鳥たちの占い』は、プロクルスから知るように、アポロニウス ロディウスによって否定されるまで『仕事』の巻末についていた。疑いなく、それは（Divination by Birds）は、人間はいかに鳥たちからもたらされるべき前兆によく注意することによって災害を避けることが出来るかを示しながら、同じテーマを続け、生き方についてのテーマを（説き）継続した。 質問 (1)was, as we know from Proclus, attached to the end of the "Works" until……; ……までwas attachedはhave been attachedではない のでしょうか。 (2)the omens to be drawn from birds; このto be drawnははomensを修飾する (関わる)と思われます。the omens being drawnではだめでしょうか。 (3)it continued the same themeについて Continuedは“同じテーマを継続した”でも分かるのですが、 “同じテーマを訴求した”と訳せるでしょうか。 ＊Proclus (411-485) ... Proclus was a Greek philosopher
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丹念に訳しておられるので、それを参照し、土台にして、自分なりの訳文に書き直してみました。 Of the Hesiodic poems similar in character to the "Works and Days", only the scantiest fragments survive. ヘーシオドスの『仕事と日々』という作品と同じ趣を持ついくつかの詩が残存しているが、それらは不完全な断片でしかない。 One at least of these, the "Divination by Birds", was, as we know from Proclus, attached to the end of the "Works" until it was rejected by Apollonius Rhodius: 「鳥の予言」と題されたものもそのうちのひとつである。これはプロクロス（412-485）によれば、『仕事と日々』の末尾に置かれていたのだが、ロードスのアポロニウス（紀元前3世紀、アレクサンドリア図書館長）によって削除されたものである。 doubtless it continued the same theme of how to live, showing how man can avoid disasters by attending to the omens to be drawn from birds. 『仕事と日々』と同様に日々の生活の指針を与えるもので、鳥が示す予兆を見逃さず、それによって禍（わざわい）を避ける方法を示している。 (1) was attached は、「巻末に置かれていた」という「過去の事実」を述べているので、これでいいと思います。 (2) 私には分りません（文法的な知識がまるでないので）。ただ、being とすると、「引き出されつつある」のような、進行形の感じが加わってしまうので、「一回性」という面からは to be の方が適当なのではないでしょうか。 (3) 「訴求」という言葉が、私が普通使っている小さな国語辞典には載っていない言葉で、だからむつかしい言葉なのだろうと思います。辞書にないほどのむつかしい言葉を使われると、読む人にとっては（それでなくてもむつかしい内容なのに）負担が大きくなるのではないでしょうか。 なお、私は continue の部分を、「主題を継続している」→「同じ主題を扱っている」ということで、「・・・同様に」と訳してみました。
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It is therefore possible that another lost poem, the "Idaean Dactyls", which dealt with the discovery of metals and their working, was appended to, or even was a part of the "Great Works", just as the "Divination by Birds" was appended to the "Works and Days". だから、他の失われた詩の『イダイアン ダクティルス』、これは金属の発見と彼らの仕事を扱うもので、ちょうど『鳥たちの予言』が『仕事と日々』に添付されたように、『偉大な仕事』に添付されたか或いはその一部であった。 ＊DACTYLS - Greek Mythology Link ＊Ideaean ９人のＣｕｒｅｔｅｓの子らしい。 is suspected that both CURETES and CORYBANTES were offspring of the Idaean DACTYLS. The first hundred men born in Crete, they say, were called Idaean DACTYLS. It is said that as offspring of these were born nine CURETES and each of these begot ten children who were called Idaean DACTYLS.
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- QA127
QA127 The "Sack of Ilium" 1113 as analysed by Proclus was very similar to Vergil's version in "Aeneid" ii, comprising the episodes of the wooden horse, of Laocoon, of Sinon, the return of the Achaeans from Tenedos, the actual Sack of Troy, the division of spoils and the burning of the city. 試し訳 『イーリオスの陥落』はプロクルスによる検討１１１３のように、バージル版の『アエネアス』iiと非常に良く似ていて、木馬、ラオコーン、シノン、テネドスからギリシャ軍の帰還、実際のトロイアの略奪、戦利品の分配、そして城塞の焼失の様子から成る。 質問 (1)The "Sack of Ilium" 1113 as analysed by Proclus について 語順が違うようです。 The "Sack of Ilium" as 1113 analysed by Proclusの意味でしょうか (2)was very similar to Vergil's version in "Aeneid" ii 主語は何と似ていると述べているのでしょうか。 “Aeneid”iiの中のVirgil’s version；少し違うように思う。 Virgil’s versionの中の“Aeneid”ii；この意味ではないか。 (3)Vergil's versionについて Vergil（ウェルギリウス）の作品（がいくつかある）の総称かも知れない。 作品の総称なら複数、単数だから、"Aeneid" iiだけの意味かも知れ ません。
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Many of the defenders had retreated from the line, and those who remained were captured. Parts of the regiment continued to pursue beyond the main defensive line until 13:35, when Colonel Dobrev ordered them to halt. When it was realized that this was not fort 8 he ordered his infantry to cut the retreat routes of that fort, but the Romanians managed to prevent this with artillery fire. By the afternoon of 5 September the forts of the main defensive line in Sector II had all fallen into the hands of the attackers.
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The precedent of a German withdrawal to a prepared position followed by a counter-attack, which had occurred in 1914 was noted and that reserves freed by the retirement, would give the Germans an opportunity to attack the flanks of the withdrawal area. Nivelle had already decided to use the French troops released by the shorter front to reinforce the line in Champagne. British preparations for the attack at Arras were to proceed, with a watch kept for a possible German attack in Flanders and preparations for the attack on Messines Ridge were to continue. The pursuit of the German army was to be made in the Fourth Army area with advanced guards covered by the cavalry and cyclists attached to each corps and the 5th Cavalry Division. Larger forces were not to move east of a line from the Canal du Nord to the Somme south of Péronne until roads, bridges and railways had been repaired. The boundary of the Fourth Army and French Third Army was set from south of Nesle, through Offroy to St. Quentin.
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- QA62～QA63……この英文はどう訳せばよいでしょうか
QA62～QA63 QA62 The "Precepts of Chiron" was a didactic poem made up of moral and practical precepts, resembling the gnomic sections of the "Works and Days", addressed by the Centaur Chiron to his pupil Achilles. 『キロンの教訓』(Ｈｏｍｅｒ作)は道徳的で実践的な訓示について編集された教訓的な詩で、 『仕事と日々』の格言の章節に似ており、ケンタウルス キロンから弟子のアキレウスに語られた ものである。 ＊Centaur Chiron セントー(英語読み)、半人半馬、英雄教育の賢者 ＊珍しいものであると述べて、次の文QA63につながる。 QA63 Even less is known of the poem called the "Great Works": the title implies that it was similar in subject to the second section of the "Works and Days", but longer. Possible references in Roman writers 1106 indicate that among the subjects dealt with were the cultivation of the vine and olive and various herbs. 試し訳 まして、この詩が『偉大な仕事』と呼ばれることはほとんど知られていない。 この題名は『仕事と日々』の第二章の内容に似ていることを意味する。かつ、より長い。 ローマ人の著作１１０６の中で、それ(similar in subjects)を指し示すと思われるpossible 引用がワインとオリーブそして色々な薬草の栽培である。 質問 (1)implies Ａ，ｂｕｔ Ｂという文があります。 これはimplies (A,B)とも読めそうです。どちらでしょうか。 (2)Possible references…….の文章について この文章の構文が難しい。 Possible references were the cultivation of the vine. / これが主構文でしょうか。 (3) in Roman writers 1106(that) indicate that among the subjects (that) was dealt with 関係詞thatを挿入して考えましたが、これでよいでしょうか。 Indicate thatのthatは代名詞でsimilar in subjectsで良いでしょうか。 ＊第二章 『仕事と日々』の第二章とは３８３行の農事歴かもしれない。
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- QA7３……この英文はどう訳せばよいでしょうか
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補足
アポロニウスは紀元前3世紀、アレクサンドリア図書館長でしたか。 後世のローマ時代に編集され、修正されたのでしょう。 そのた、分かりやすく直して頂きました。 難しいものは分かりやすい言葉に直すのがいい。 ということは、文章意味を正しくとらえる必要がある。 ここが問題です。 論文ですので、難解な言葉が多い。 ありがとうございました。 済みませんが、次のQA62.63も見ていただけたら嬉しい。