米国の領土拡大と奴隷制度の衝突

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  • 1803年から1854年にかけて、米国は購入、交渉、征服によって広大な領土を獲得しました。
  • 最初は、これらの領土から新たに切り開かれた州は奴隷州と自由州に均等に分けられました。
  • しかし、ミシシッピ川以西の領土では奴隷制度と反奴隷制度の勢力が衝突しました。
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Between 1803 and 1854, the United States achieved a vast expansion of territory through purchase, negotiation, and conquest. At first, the new states carved out of these territories entering the union were apportioned equally between slave and free states. It was over territories west of the Mississippi that the proslavery and antislavery forces collided. With the conquest of northern Mexico west to California in 1848, slaveholding interests looked forward to expanding into these lands and perhaps Cuba and Central America as well.[45][46] Northern "free soil" interests vigorously sought to curtail any further expansion of slave territory. The Compromise of 1850 over California balanced a free soil state with stronger fugitive slave laws for a political settlement after four years of strife in the 1840s. But the states admitted following California were all free: Minnesota (1858), Oregon (1859) and Kansas (1861). In the southern states the question of the territorial expansion of slavery westward again became explosive. Both the South and the North drew the same conclusion: "The power to decide the question of slavery for the territories was the power to determine the future of slavery itself." Sen. Stephen Douglas, author of the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854. Sen. John J. Crittenden, of the 1860 Crittenden Compromise. By 1860, four doctrines had emerged to answer the question of federal control in the territories, and they all claimed they were sanctioned by the Constitution, implicitly or explicitly. The first of these "conservative" theories, represented by the Constitutional Union Party, argued that the Missouri Compromise apportionment of territory north for free soil and south for slavery should become a Constitutional mandate. The Crittenden Compromise of 1860 was an expression of this view.

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1803年から1854年の間に、米国は購入、交渉、征服を通じて領土の広大な拡大を達成しました。最初に、組合に入るこれらの地域から刻まれた新しい州は、奴隷と自由州の間で均等に配分されました。奴隷制度と反政府勢力が衝突したのは、ミシシッピの西方の領域であった。 1848年にメキシコ北部を征服して、スレーブホールディングの利益は、これらの土地、そしておそらくキューバと中米にも拡大することを楽しみにしていた[45] [46]北部の "自由土壌"利益は、奴隷領域のさらなる拡大を抑制しようと積極的に努めた。カリフォルニア州の1850年の妥協は、1840年代の4年間の紛争後の政治的解決のために、より強い逃亡奴隷法と自由土壌状態をバランスさせました。しかし、ミネソタ州（1858年）、オレゴン州（1859年）、カンザス州（1861年）は、カリフォルニア州に次いで入国した州がすべて無料であった。南部州では、西側の奴隷制度の領土拡大の問題が再び爆発的になった。南北両国は同じ結論を導いた。「領土の奴隷問題を決める力は、奴隷自身の未来を決める力だった」 1854年カンザス・ネブラスカ法の著者スティーブン・ダグラス上院議員。 John J. Crittenden上院議員、1860年Crittendenの妥協案。 1860年までに、4つの教説が領土内の連邦制の問題に答えるようになり、暗黙または明示的に憲法によって制裁されたと主張した。憲法連合党が代表するこれらの「保守的」理論の第一弾は、自由土壌のための北部の領土と奴隷のための南部のミズーリ州紛争配分が憲法上の任務になるべきだと主張した。 1860年のCrittendenの妥協は、この見方の表現でした。

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