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However, the relationship between the relative intensity of GCRs and the polarity is inverted during the prolonged inactive periods of the sun as is indicated as the “Maunder Minimum mode” in Fig. 4. The flux could be relatively higher when the solar polarity is negative at this mode because the possibly more flattened current sheet could gather the GCRs from the horizontal direction. The variation of temperatures around the Maunder Minimum shows exactly the same behavior and strongly suggests that the GCRs affect the climate on decadal to multi-decadal time scales. Reconstructed solar cycle and solar magnetic polarity using carbon-14 record by Stuiver et al. (1998) and the oxygen isotope records from a Greenland ice core (Vinther et al., 2003) for 1600–1780 AD are plotted together with group sunspot numbers (Hoyt and Schatten, 1998) in Fig. 5-a and b. The solar cycles have been obtained by filtering the carbon-14 content by Stuiver et al. (1998) with the bandwidth of 8–18 years. The measurement errors are smaller than our carbon-14 record (Miyahara et al., 2004), but the short-term variations of the two carbon-14 records are consistent with each other (Miyahara et al., 2007).

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  • Nakay702
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回答No.2

No.1さんのご回答を支持してボタンを押した者ですが、ただ1か所訂正した方がよいと思われるところがありますので、ご連絡いたします。 原文 The flux could be relatively higher when the solar polarity is negative at this mode because the possibly more flattened current sheet could gather the GCRs from the horizontal direction. No.1さんの訳文 このモードでは、太陽の極性がマイナス（＝負極性）の時、エネルギー量（※1）は、相対的に高めとなる。なぜならば、出来うる限り平たくなった電流シートが、垂直方向から宇宙線（GCR）を集めることができるからだ。 訂正か所 ～電流シートが、垂直方向から宇宙線（GCR）を集めることが… →～電流シートが、水平方向から宇宙線（GCR）を集めることが… 以上、ご連絡まで。

  • ddeana
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回答No.1

しかし、宇宙線（GCR）の相対的強さと極性とは、図4に「マウンダー極小期モード」として示してあるように、太陽が長期にわたって不活発だった間は、反相関になる。 このモードでは、太陽の極性がマイナス（＝負極性）の時、エネルギー量（※1）は、相対的に高めとなる。なぜならば、出来うる限り平たくなった電流シートが、垂直方向から宇宙線（GCR）を集めることができるからだ。マウンダー極小期あたりの温度変化はまさに同じ様相を呈しており、宇宙線（GCR）が、十年から数十年単位で気候に影響していることを強く示唆している。スタイヴァー（※2）その他の筆者（1998年）による炭素14の記録と、西暦1600年から1780年の間のグリーンランドの氷床コアからの酸素同位体（※3）を用いて再構築された太陽の活動周期と太陽の磁場極性は、図5-aと5-bに、グループ黒点数（※4）（ホイト＆シャッテン　1998年）と一緒に示してある。太陽の活動周期は、シュタイヴァーその他の筆者による（1998年）炭素14の含有量を、8年から18年の帯域幅でろ過することにより得られてきた。その測定誤差は、我々の炭素14の記録（宮原その他の筆者　2004年）よりも小さいが、二つの炭素14の記録における短期変動は、相互に一致する（宮原その他の筆者　2007年）。 ※1：flux いままでは「流束」（エネルギーの大きさを表すベクトル量）と訳していましたが、太陽のエネルギーに関する文献なので、単に「エネルギー量」と訳した方がわかりやすいかもと考えて変更してみました。 ※2：Stuiver ワシントン大学名誉教授で、放射性炭素（含：炭素14）を使った年代測定の専門家です。 ※3：oxygen isotope(酸素同位体) 科学的には同じ性質を持つ原子で、質量が違うものを「同位体」といいますが、酸素には酸素16、酸素17、酸素18という重さが異なる3種類の酸素同位体があります。氷床コアとは氷床を掘削してくりぬいた氷の柱の事ですが、氷床は、元々雪が自分の重さで固まったものなので、そこに含まれる酸素同位体比は気温を反映することになるのです。 ※4：group sunspot numbers 黒点の特徴のひとつとして、いくつかの黒点がまとまってひとつのグループ（黒点群）を形成することがありますので、そうしたグループの数のことです。

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