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質問

The territories of the former Hungarian Kingdom that were ceded by the treaty to neighbouring countries in total (and each of them separately) had a majority of non-Hungarian nationals, however the Hungarian ethnic area was much larger than the newly established territory of Hungary, therefore 30 percent of the ethnic Hungarians were under foreign authority.
After the treaty, the percentage and the absolute number of all Hungarian populations outside of Hungary decreased in the next decades (although, some of these populations also recorded temporary increase of the absolute population number). There are several reasons for this population decrease, some of which were spontaneous assimilation and certain state policies, like Slovakization, Romanianization, Serbianisation.[citation needed] Other important factors were the Hungarian migration from the neighbouring states to Hungary or to some western countries as well as decreased birth rate of Hungarian populations. According to the National Office for Refugees, the number of Hungarians who immigrated to Hungary from neighbouring countries was about 350,000 between 1918 and 1924.Minorities in post-Trianon Hungary
On the other hand, a considerable number of other nationalities remained within the frontiers of the independent Hungary:
According to the 1920 census 10.4% of the population spoke one of the minority languages as mother language:
551,212 German (6.9%)
141,882 Slovak (1.8%)
36,858 Croatian (0.5%)
23,760 Romanian (0.3%)
23,228 Bunjevac and Šokac (0.3%)
17,131 Serbian (0.2%)
7,000 Slovene (0.08%)
The percentage and the absolute number of all non-Hungarian nationalities decreased in the next decades, although the total population of the country increased. Bilingualism was also disappearing. The main reasons of this process were both spontaneous assimilation and the deliberate Magyarization policy of the state. Minorities made up 8% of the total population in 1930 and 7% in 1941 (on the post-Trianon territory).
After World War II approximately 200,000 Germans were deported to Germany, according to the decree of the Potsdam Conference. Under the forced exchange of population between Czechoslovakia and Hungary, approximately 73,000 Slovaks left Hungary and according to different estimations 120,500 or 45,000Hungarians moved to present day Hungarian territory from Czechoslovakia. After these population movements Hungary became an almost ethnically homogeneous country with the exception of the Hungarian speaking Romani people.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The territories of the former Hungarian Kingdom that were ceded by the treaty to neighbouring countries in total (and each of them separately) had a majority of non-Hungarian nationals, however the Hungarian ethnic area was much larger than the newly established territory of Hungary, therefore 30 percent of the ethnic Hungarians were under foreign authority.
⇒条約によって近隣の国家に譲渡された前ハンガリー王国の領土には、全体的に（また分離された各々の地に）非ハンガリー国民の大多数がいた。ハンガリー民族の（分布）地域は、新たに設立されたハンガリーの領土よりもはるかに大きかったので、ハンガリー民族の30％は外国の権限の下にあった。

＞After the treaty, the percentage and the absolute number of all Hungarian populations outside of Hungary decreased in the next decades (although, some of these populations also recorded temporary increase of the absolute population number). There are several reasons for this population decrease, some of which were spontaneous assimilation and certain state policies, like Slovakization, Romanianization, Serbianisation. [citation needed] Other important factors were the Hungarian migration from the neighbouring states to Hungary or to some western countries as well as decreased birth rate of Hungarian populations. According to the National Office for Refugees, the number of Hungarians who immigrated to Hungary from neighbouring countries was about 350,000 between 1918 and 1924.
⇒条約の（締結）後、ハンガリー国外にいるすべてのハンガリー人の人口集団の割合と絶対数がその後の数十年で減少した（ただし、これらの人口集団でも、絶対人口数が一時的に増加を記録したものもあった）。この人口減少の理由はいくつかある。例えば、スロバキア化、ルーマニア化、セルビア化のような自発的同化と、特定の国家政策であった〔要出典〕。その他の重要な要因としては、ハンガリーの近隣諸国からハンガリーや西側諸国にハンガリー人が移住したことや、ハンガリー人口の出生率減少があった。「国立難民事務所」によると、近隣諸国からハンガリーに移住したハンガリー人の数は、1918年から1924年の間に約35万人であった。

＞Minorities in post-Trianon Hungary
　On the other hand, a considerable number of other nationalities remained within the frontiers of the independent Hungary: According to the 1920 census 10.4% of the population spoke one of the minority languages as mother language:
551,212 German (6.9%)
141,882 Slovak (1.8%)
36,858 Croatian (0.5%)
23,760 Romanian (0.3%)
23,228 Bunjevac and Šokac (0.3%)
17,131 Serbian (0.2%)
7,000 Slovene (0.08%)
⇒「トリアノン条約」後の少数民族
　一方、独立したハンガリーの国境には、他の多くの国籍（者）が残っていた。すなわち、1920年の国勢調査によると、在住人口の10.4％が母語として少数民族言語の1つを話していた。以下のとおりである。
551,212人のドイツ人（6.9％）
141,882人のスロバキア人（1.8％）
36,858人のクロアチア人（0.5％）
23,760人のルーマニア人（0.3％）
23,228人のブンジェバク・ツォカク人（0.3％）
17,131人のセルビア人（0.2％）
7,000人のスロベニア（0.08％）

＞The percentage and the absolute number of all non-Hungarian nationalities decreased in the next decades, although the total population of the country increased. Bilingualism was also disappearing. The main reasons of this process were both spontaneous assimilation and the deliberate Magyarization policy of the state. Minorities made up 8% of the total population in 1930 and 7% in 1941 (on the post-Trianon territory).
⇒続く数十年のうちに、国の総人口は増加したものの、すべての非ハンガリー国籍の割合と絶対数は減少した。２か国語併用者も消えていった。この変化過程の主な理由は、自発的な同化と国家の意図的なマジャール（ハンガリー）化政策の両方であった。少数民族は、1930年に全人口の8％を占めていたが、1941年（「トリアノン条約」後）では7％になった。

＞After World War II approximately 200,000 Germans were deported to Germany, according to the decree of the Potsdam Conference. Under the forced exchange of population between Czechoslovakia and Hungary, approximately 73,000 Slovaks left Hungary and according to different estimations 120,500 or 45,000Hungarians moved to present day Hungarian territory from Czechoslovakia. After these population movements Hungary became an almost ethnically homogeneous country with the exception of the Hungarian speaking Romani people.
⇒第二次世界大戦後、約20万人のドイツ人が、「ポツダム会議」の法令に従ってドイツに追放（強制送還）された。チェコスロバキアとハンガリーの人口に関する強制的変換の下で、約73,000人のスロバキア人がハンガリーを出たが、別の推計によれば、120,500人とも45,000人とも言われるハンガリー人がチェコスロバキアから現在のハンガリー領土に移った。これらの人口移動の後、ハンガリー語を話すロマーニ人（ジプシー）を除いて、ハンガリーはほぼ民族的に同質の国になった。

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