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質問

The First Transjordan attack on Amman (known to the British as the First Attack on Amman) and to their enemy as the First Battle of the Jordan took place between 21 March and 2 April 1918, as a consequence of the successful Battle of Tell 'Asur which occurred after the Capture of Jericho in February and the Occupation of the Jordan Valley began, during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I. During the First Transjordan attack large incursions into Ottoman territory occurred. Firstly the Passage of the Jordan River, was successfully captured between 21 and 23 March, followed by the first occupation of Es Salt in the hills of Moab between 24 and 25 March. The First Battle of Amman took place between 27 and 31 March when the Anzac Mounted Division and the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade (fighting dismounted as infantry) were reinforced by two battalions of 181st Brigade followed by a second two battalions from the 180th Brigade (60th London Division) and artillery. The Fourth Army headquarters located in Amman was strongly garrisoned and during the battle received reinforcements on the Hejaz railway, the strength of which eventually forced the attacking force to retire back to the Jordan Valley between 31 March and 2 April. The Jordan Valley would continue to be occupied by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) through the summer until the middle of September 1918 when the Battle of Megiddo began.
During the winter of 1917/1918, the considerable territorial gains by the EEF as a consequence of victories at the Battle of Mughar Ridge in November and the Battle of Jerusalem in December, from the Gaza–Beersheba line to the Jaffa–Jerusalem line, were consolidated. The front line was adjusted in February 1918 when the right flank of the Jaffa–Jerusalem line was secured by the capture of land to the east of Jerusalem and down into the Jordan Valley to Jericho and the Dead Sea. The Capture of Jericho was also a necessary precursor, along with the Action of Tell 'Asur, and advances by Allenby's force across the Jordan River and into the hills of Moab towards Es Salt and Amman.

The Battle of Hijla (21 March 1918) was fought by the forces of the British and Ottoman Empires during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War. Hijla (now called Makhadet Hijla) is on the River Jordan a few miles upriver from the Dead Sea.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

以下のとおりお答えします。（最後の数行を除いて前回質問分と重複しています。）

＞The First Transjordan attack on Amman (known to the British as the First Attack on Amman) and to their enemy as the First Battle of the Jordan took place between 21 March and 2 April 1918, as a consequence of the successful Battle of Tell 'Asur which occurred after the Capture of Jericho in February and the Occupation of the Jordan Valley began, during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I. During the First Transjordan attack large incursions into Ottoman territory occurred. Firstly the Passage of the Jordan River, was successfully captured between 21 and 23 March, followed by the first occupation of Es Salt in the hills of Moab between 24 and 25 March.
⇒トランスヨルダン*による最初のアンマン攻撃（英国軍にとっては「第1次アンマン攻撃」として知られる）、および、彼らの敵に対する攻撃、すなわち「第1次ヨルダンの戦い」が1918年3月21日と4月2日の間に起こった。第一次世界大戦の「シナイ・パレスチナ野戦」の間に、2月のジェリコ攻略、およびヨルダン渓谷の占領が始まった後に起こった「テル・アスルの戦い」の成功との結果であった。最初のトランスヨルダン攻撃の間、オスマン帝国領への大規模な侵攻が発生した。まずヨルダン川航路が3月21日から23日にかけて首尾よく攻略され、続いて3月24日から25日にモアブの丘にあるエス・サルトが占領された。
＊Transjordanトランスヨルダン：ヨルダンの旧称（1949年まで）。

＞The First Battle of Amman took place between 27 and 31 March when the Anzac Mounted Division and the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade (fighting dismounted as infantry) were reinforced by two battalions of 181st Brigade followed by a second two battalions from the 180th Brigade (60th London Division) and artillery. The Fourth Army headquarters located in Amman was strongly garrisoned and during the battle received reinforcements on the Hejaz railway, the strength of which eventually forced the attacking force to retire back to the Jordan Valley between 31 March and 2 April. The Jordan Valley would continue to be occupied by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) through the summer until the middle of September 1918 when the Battle of Megiddo began.
⇒「第1次アンマンの戦い」は、3月27日と3月31日の間に起こったが、このときアンザック騎馬師団と帝国ラクダ軍団旅団（下馬歩兵としての戦闘隊）が第181旅団の2個大隊に続いて第180旅団（第60ロンドン師団）からの2個大隊と砲兵によって強化された。アンマンに駐在する第4方面軍本部は守備が強固で、戦いの間にヘジャズ鉄道で援軍を受け入れた結果、その軍勢によって攻撃隊を3月31日から4月2日の間にヨルダン渓谷に退却させた。ヨルダン渓谷は、「メギドの戦い」が始まる1920年の9月中旬まで、夏じゅうエジプト遠征軍（EEF）によって占拠され続けるだろう。

＞During the winter of 1917/1918, the considerable territorial gains by the EEF as a consequence of victories at the Battle of Mughar Ridge in November and the Battle of Jerusalem in December, from the Gaza–Beersheba line to the Jaffa–Jerusalem line, were consolidated. The front line was adjusted in February 1918 when the right flank of the Jaffa–Jerusalem line was secured by the capture of land to the east of Jerusalem and down into the Jordan Valley to Jericho and the Dead Sea. The Capture of Jericho was also a necessary precursor, along with the Action of Tell 'Asur, and advances by Allenby's force across the Jordan River and into the hills of Moab towards Es Salt and Amman.
⇒1917/1918年冬の間に、11月の「ムガール・リッジの戦い」と12月の「エルサレムの戦い」で、ガザ－ベールシェバ戦線からヤッファ－エルサレム戦線にわたる勝利の結果としてEEFによってかなりの獲得領域が強化された。前線は1918年2月に調整され、そのときにヤッファ－エルサレム戦線の右翼はエルサレム東の攻略とかヨルダン渓谷を越えてエリコと死海に至る土地の攻略によって確保された。エリコの攻略もまた、「テル・アスルの戦闘」とか、ヨルダン川を越えてエス・ソルトとアンマンに向かうモアブ丘へのアレンビー軍団による進軍とともに必要な先行事項であった。

＞The Battle of Hijla (21 March 1918) was fought by the forces of the British and Ottoman Empires during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War. Hijla (now called Makhadet Hijla) is on the River Jordan a few miles upriver from the Dead Sea.
⇒「ヒジュラの戦い」（1918年3月21日）は、第一次世界大戦の「シナイ・パレスチナ野戦」間に英国群とオスマン帝国軍の軍団によって戦われた。ヒジュラ（今はマクハデット・ヒジュラと呼ばれる）は、死海から数マイル上流のヨルダン川沿いにある。

お礼

回答ありがとうございました。