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質問

The Battle Zone was also usually organised in three defensive systems, front, intermediate and rear, connected by communication trenches and switch lines, with the defenders concentrated in centres of resistance rather than in continuous lines. About 36 of the 110 infantry and pioneer battalions of the Fifth Army held the Forward Zone. Artillery, trench mortars and machine-guns were also arranged in depth, in positions chosen to allow counter-battery fire, harassing fire on transport routes, fire on assembly trenches and to be able to fire barrages along the front of the British positions at the first sign of attack. Artillery positions were also chosen to offer cover and concealment, with alternative positions on the flanks and to the rear. About ​2⁄3 of the artillery was in the Battle Zone, with a few guns further forward and some batteries were concealed and forbidden to fire before the German offensive began. The Germans chose to attack the sector around St. Quentin taken over by the British from February–April 1917, following the German withdrawal to the Hindenburg Line. Germany had begun construction of the Siegfried Stellung (Hindenburg Line) in September 1916, during the battle of the Somme. It stretched over 500 km (300 mi) from the Channel to the Moselle River and was built by Belgian and Russian prisoners of war. The strongest section was the salient at St. Quentin between Arras and Soissons. The line was 1.5 km (1 mi) deep with barbed wire in zig-zag lines of 15 m (50 ft), protecting three lines of trenches, interconnecting tunnels and strong points. In the rear were deep underground bunkers known as stollen (galleries) and artillery was hidden on reverse slopes. The Germans withdrew to this line in an operation codenamed Alberich over five weeks, during which time German High Command ordered a scorched earth policy. The ground abandoned in the retreat was laid waste, wells were poisoned, booby-traps laid and most towns and villages were destroyed. The attacking armies were spread along a 69-kilometre (43 mi) front between Arras, St. Quentin and La Fère. Ludendorff had assembled a force of 74 divisions, 6,600 guns, 3,500 mortars and 326 fighter aircraft, divided between the 17th Army (Otto von Below), 2nd Army (Georg von der Marwitz) of Heeresgruppe Kronprinz Rupprecht (Army Group Rupprecht of Bavaria) and the 18th Army (General Oskar von Hutier), part of Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz (Army Group German Crown Prince) and the 7th Army.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The Battle Zone was also usually organised in three defensive systems, front, intermediate and rear, connected by communication trenches and switch lines, with the defenders concentrated in centres of resistance rather than in continuous lines. About 36 of the 110 infantry and pioneer battalions of the Fifth Army held the Forward Zone. Artillery, trench mortars and machine-guns were also arranged in depth, in positions chosen to allow counter-battery fire, harassing fire on transport routes, fire on assembly trenches and to be able to fire barrages along the front of the British positions at the first sign of attack. Artillery positions were also chosen to offer cover and concealment, with alternative positions on the flanks and to the rear.
⇒戦闘地帯は通常、前方、中間、後方の3つの防御システムで構成され、連絡塹壕や待避戦線で結ばれており、防御隊は連続した戦線でなく抵抗の中心に集中していた。第5方面軍の110個の歩兵および斥候工兵大隊のうち約36個が前方地帯を保持した。反撃砲火、輸送ルートへの砲火、集会塹壕への砲火ができるように、大砲、塹壕用迫撃砲、機関銃なども深奥部の選ばれた陣地に設置され、最初の攻撃兆候があったときに英国軍の前線に沿って集中砲撃できるような位置に配置された。砲兵隊の陣地も、掩護と隠蔽を提供できるように選択され、側面や後衛部に代替陣地が用意されていた。

＞About 2⁄3 of the artillery was in the Battle Zone, with a few guns further forward and some batteries were concealed and forbidden to fire before the German offensive began. The Germans chose to attack the sector around St. Quentin taken over by the British from February–April 1917, following the German withdrawal to the Hindenburg Line. Germany had begun construction of the Siegfried Stellung (Hindenburg Line) in September 1916, during the battle of the Somme. It stretched over 500 km (300 mi) from the Channel to the Moselle River and was built by Belgian and Russian prisoners of war.
⇒大砲の約2/3は戦闘地帯にあり、幾つかの銃砲がさらに前方にあった。一部の砲列は隠されていて、ドイツ軍の攻撃が始まる前の発砲は禁じられていた。ドイツ軍は、1917年2月－4月にヒンデンブルク戦線へ総撤退したのに続いて、英国軍の手に渡ったサン・ケンタン周辺の地区を攻撃することにした。ドイツは「ソンムの戦い」の間、1916年9月にジークフリート陣地（ヒンデンブルク戦線）の建設を開始していた。それは、海峡からモゼル川まで500キロ（300マイル）以上伸びたが、それはベルギーやロシア軍の捕虜によって建てられた。

＞The strongest section was the salient at St. Quentin between Arras and Soissons. The line was 1.5 km (1 mi) deep with barbed wire in zig-zag lines of 15 m (50 ft), protecting three lines of trenches, interconnecting tunnels and strong points. In the rear were deep underground bunkers known as stollen (galleries) and artillery was hidden on reverse slopes. The Germans withdrew to this line in an operation codenamed Alberich over five weeks, during which time German High Command ordered a scorched earth policy.
⇒最強の地区は、アラスとソワソンの間のサン・ケンタンにある突出部であった。戦線は、奥行き1.5キロ（1マイル）地点に15メートル（50フィート）ずつのジグザグの有刺鉄線で3列の塹壕を保護し、トンネルと強化点を相互接続していた。後衛部では、横坑道（ギャラリー）として知られる深い地下の掩蔽壕（えんぺいごう）と大砲とが逆斜面に隠されていた。ドイツ軍は、アルベリッヒの暗号名をつけた作戦行動で5週間にわたってこの戦線に退去し、その間にドイツ軍司令部高官は焦土政策を命じた。

＞The ground abandoned in the retreat was laid waste, wells were poisoned, booby-traps laid and most towns and villages were destroyed. The attacking armies were spread along a 69-kilometre (43 mi) front between Arras, St. Quentin and La Fère. Ludendorff had assembled a force of 74 divisions, 6,600 guns, 3,500 mortars and 326 fighter aircraft, divided between the 17th Army (Otto von Below), 2nd Army (Georg von der Marwitz) of Heeresgruppe Kronprinz Rupprecht (Army Group Rupprecht of Bavaria) and the 18th Army (General Oskar von Hutier), part of Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz (Army Group German Crown Prince) and the 7th Army.
⇒後退に際して放棄された地面は荒廃し、井戸には毒薬が投入され、偽装爆弾が敷設され、ほとんどの町と村が破壊された。攻撃軍は、アラス、サン・ケンタン、ラ・フェール間で69キロ（43マイル）の前線に広がっていた。ルーデンドルフは、74個師団、6,600門の大砲、3,500門の迫撃砲、および326機の戦闘機の一大軍団を統括して、それが第17方面軍（オットー・フォン・ベロウ）、ルプレヒト皇太子軍団（ババリアのルプレヒト方面軍グループ）の第2方面軍（ゲオルク・フォン・デル・マルヴィッツ）、ドイツ皇太子軍（ドイツ皇太子方面軍グループ）の一部である第18方面軍（オスカー・フォン・フティエ将軍）、および第7方面軍の間で分けられていた。

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