- 締切済み
英文和訳
For a long time, airlines in China have heavily relied on travel agents to sell their tickets, resulting in the control of air ticket prices falling behind the price loosening mechanism. Due to the lack of traffic right allocation standards, airlines in China have to adopt price strategies to compete with other transportation modes in order to increase their market share. Consequently, price wars always lead to certain chaos in the market and some major losses for the airlines themselves. The air transport market in China is dominated by a few large airlines such as Air China, China Southern Airlines, and Eastern Airlines, which is a typical monopoly phenomenon. Under this situation, the price of one airline will inevitably influence the ticket pricing of its competitors and the structure of the entire market. Therefore, airlines should consider the corresponding actions of the competitors to ensure stability of the entire market when deciding ticket pricing strategies. In order to solve this problem, the game theory can be used as an effective approach. どなたかお願いします。
- purin666
- お礼率83% (30/36)
- 英語
- 回答数3
- ありがとう数2
- みんなの回答 （3）
- 専門家の回答
みんなの回答
- Dandanius
- ベストアンサー率53% (42/79)
No.1 です。No.2さんの方が充実している回答と思いますので、そちらを使用するのをお勧めします。 唯一つの点は典型的独占企業体質なのは会社のほうではなく、市況全体のことを示している、ということを覚えておいてくだされば幸いです。
- ddeana
- ベストアンサー率74% (2976/4019)
長い間中国の航空会社はチケット販売を旅行会社に大きく依存してきた為、航空運賃の管理が規制緩和の仕組みに置いていかれる結果となった。 交通権割り当て基準がなかったので、中国の航空会社は市場シェアを拡大する為に、他の交通手段と競合する価格戦略を導入せざるを得ない。 結果、価格競争は常に、市場での確実な混乱と航空会社そのものにとっての大きな損失を引き起こす。 中国の航空運送市場は、中国国際航空、中国南方航空、そして典型的独占企業体質である東方航空といった、少数の大きな航空会社によって独占されている。 このような状況下では、ひとつの航空会社の価格がいやおうなく、競争相手のチケット価格決定と市場全体の構造に影響をおよぼすこととなる。ゆえに航空会社はチケット価格戦略を決める時、市場全体の安定性を確保する為に、競合他社の価格戦略に伴う動きを考慮するべきであろう。この問題を解決するには、ゲーム理論を効果的手段として利用できる。
- Dandanius
- ベストアンサー率53% (42/79)
ご参考に； 中国は長い間旅行業者にチケットを売るのを頼っていたため、航空券の値段が価格を緩めるシステムにどんどんとおいていかれていく羽目になった。航空整理が統一されていなかったため、中国の各航空会社は値段に頼って競い合うしか株の値を上げる方法がなく、その結果として値段戦争による相場での激しい混沌や航空会社達への大損をもたらす事になった。 中国の航空市況はエア・チャイナ、チャイナ・サザーン・エアラインズ、イースターン・エアラインズなどの大手会社を主にした、典型的な独占主義の現象が存在する。この状況では一つの航空会社がライバル会社の航空券の値段や航空市況の全体を影響するのが間逃れない。なので各航空会社は互いの行為を予測しながら航空券の値段戦略を練る事によって相場の安定を保つべきである。この問題を解決するのにはゲーム理論が効果的なアプローチの一つとして使えるだろう。
お礼
回答ありがとうございます！ 参考にさせていただきます。
関連するQ&A
- 英文和訳お願いします！
In the age of abundance, the apparent availability of virtually all material necessities tended to lead people to expect speedy gratification of their desires and to have little sense of the length of time over which people in other times and places had had to wait in order to have some of their more basic material needs satisfied. お願いしますm(__)m
- 締切済み
- 英語
- 英文和訳教えてください。
自分で訳したのですが、添削してください。 （ ）はよくわからないところです。 Bridgestone Corp.and other Japanese tiremakers are being forced to shift gears by competitors in China who are undercutting them on price by 20-30%. What they need is a new product ,or at least proprie tary technology, and they appear (to be closing in on just that.) ブリジストン社と他の日本のタイヤメーカーは、２０から３０％の価格低下としている 中国の競争会社によって方法を変えなければいけない。 彼らが必要なことは新しい製品あるいは少なくとも専有技術であり、彼らは（ ）。 （中略） Tires make up about 2-3% of a motor vehicle's total weight. タイヤは車の全重量の約２から３％を構成している。 (Safety concerns leave littlte room for significantly reducing the weight of other major components ,and cutting tire weight by half would make a significant contirbution to fuel efficiency.) （安全な関心は、 ). よろしくお願いします。
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- 英文の和訳をお願いしますm(__)m
Thursday last week, a van navigating the narrow streets of a hardware market in China’s Foshan, Guangdong Province, struck and ran over a 2-year-old girl. The driver paused, then drove away. A surveillance camera showed that the toddler lay grievously injured for seven minutes, ignored by at least 18 passersby, while a second vehicle, a truck, ran over the child and drove on. A 57-year-old rag collector finally came to her aid. The next day an apparently suicidal woman jumped into a lake in Hangzhou, southwest of Shanghai, and began flailing helplessly. A woman widely reported to be an American threw off her coat, swam the 20m to the drowning woman and expertly hauled her to shore. And then, seeing she was safe, the rescuer left without giving her name. Neither episode is necessarily representative: Many Chinese do help those in dire straits, and, obviously, Americans do not always come to the rescue. But thousands of microbloggers in China have used the juxtaposition of callousness and heroism to fuel a wrenching debate over whether people in their country lack compassion, and if so, why.
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- 英文の和訳で困っています 和訳を教えてください
英文の和訳で困っています 和訳を教えていただきたいです よろしくお願いします！！ The new Soviet High Commissioner, Vladimir Semenov, had instructions from Moscow according to which the SED leadership should show more flexibility. On 28 May 1953 the GDR Council of Ministers still announced a general increase of norms of production , thus fuelling discontent and further encouraging people to flee. Only after increased pressure from Moscow did the Pankow regime make economic concessions towards their own population and were forced to anoounce a ‘new course’, introducing relaxations in the pressure of production, a cancellation of price increases and improvements in the consumer sector.
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- 英文の和訳で困っています 和訳を助けてください
英文の和訳で困っています 和訳を教えていただきたいです よろしくお願いします！！ In naming the order he founded, Francis deliberately chose a word commonly used in his day to refer to the lower strata of society: Minores (or Friars Minor, Minorites), which carried pejorative connotations of dependency and legal incapacity. The impoverishment of the mendicant friar extended even to the loss of his name: Franciscans and Dominicans both used the names of their heavenly patrons and were identifiable only by the additional mention of their native towns. The friar lost himself in the anonymous crowd of the poor.
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- 英文を和訳して下さい。
This was a noteworthy achievement and reflected well on the increasingly efficient staffwork of the British armies. A detachment from the Corps of two infantry battalions, a wireless unit and a casualty clearing station had been sent to the front near Ypres to bluff the Germans that the entire Corps was moving north to Flanders. The Canadian Corps was not fully in position until 7 August. To maintain secrecy, the Allied commanders pasted the notice "Keep Your Mouth Shut" into orders issued to the men, and referred to the action as a "raid" rather than an "offensive".[Although the Germans were still on the offensive in late July 1918, the Allied armies were growing in strength, as more American units arrived in France, and British reinforcements were transferred from the Home Army in Britain and the Sinai and Palestine Campaign. The German commanders realised in early August that their forces might be forced onto the defensive, though Amiens was not considered to be a likely front. The Germans believed the French would probably attack the Saint-Mihiel front east of Rheims, or in Flanders near Mount Kemmel, while they believed the British would attack along either the Lys or near Albert. The Allies had indeed mounted a number of local counter-offensives in these sectors, both to gain local objectives to improve their defensive positions and to distract attention from the Amiens sector. German forces began to withdraw from the Lys and other fronts in response to these theories. The Allies maintained equal artillery and air fire along their various fronts, moving troops only at night, and feigning movements during the day to mask their actual intent. The German front east of Amiens was held by their Second Army under General Georg von der Marwitz, with six divisions in line (and two facing the French 1st Army). There were only two divisions in immediate reserve. There was some concern among the Allies on 6 August when the German 27th Division actually attacked north of the Somme on part of the front on which the Allies planned to attack two days later. The German division (a specially selected and trained Stosstruppen formation) penetrated roughly 800 yards (730 m) into the one-and-a-half mile front.. This attack was made in retaliation for a trench raid by the 5th Australian Division north of the Somme on the night of 31 July, which had gained many prisoners, before the Australian Corps was concentrated south of the river.
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- この英文の和訳お願いします。 難しいです。
There are therefore 192 subjects(forty per cent of the sample) whose happiness and domestic efficiency are to a greater or lesser extent dependent on the ready accessibility of their children or other relatives. No solution of the problems of old age will be acceptable to the people themselves or to their children which does not take the family factor into account. King, Sir Geoffrey, formerly Permanent Secretary, Ministry, of Pensions and National Insurance, "Policy and Practice", Old Age in the Modern World, 1995. Studies in other places such as Hammersmith, Acton, and Northern Ireland have also produced some evidence of close ties between old people and their relatives and of a willingness to bear the burden of nursing care. But the evidence gained in these inquiries was incidental to their main purposes. There has been no specialized study of the place of the old person in the family. Yet such detailed knowledge may be fundamental to any understanding of old age or of its problems. That is the starting point of this study. How often do old people see their children and their brothers and sisters, and do they live near or far? What services do relatives perform for each other every day and at times of crisis? What is the differences in family role of an old man and an old woman? Can a more precise meaning be given to loneliness and social isolation and what does it mean to be widowed, single, or childless? Is the status of old people undergoing change? Which old people make the greatest demand on the State aid or replace the efforts of the family? These are some of the questions which will be discussed in this report.
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- 英文の邦訳
The described and attributed strategies of states as owners in the global network of state capital are a first step in this direction: we develop this contribution by distinguishing broadly between state strategies that show a clear interest in financial returns on investment (and thus more adaptation to transnational capitalism), and others that predominantly seek to control the firms they invest their state capital in (and thus carry the potential for a more state-controlled form of global expansion). Our results hence implicate that tackling the question of adaptation or challenge need to be answered at the level of state strategies. 上記英文のラストのOur以下を御訳しください。
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- 英文の和訳をお願いします。
よろしくお願いします。 The term “business corporation” (excluding financial service institutions) means economic entities whose objective is to make a profit from such activities as the production and sale of goods or services . Business corporations invest funds in real assets (such as facilities and inventories) to carry out production and marketing activities on a continuing basis . Funds raised by business corporations are divided into internal funds (those generated in the ordinary course of the production and sale of goods or services) and external funds (those raised from external sources ) , according to the method employed to raise them . Technically , internal reserves and depreciation charges are included in internal funds. As the company is not required to repay the principal of , or pay interest or dividends on , such funds , they are considered the most stable means of corporate financing . In actuality , however , business corporations cannot meet their funding requirements with internal funds alone , and many of them have to rely on external funds . External funds are divided into the proceeds resulting from loans and the issuance of equity and debt securities , according to the method employed to raise them . Loans are obtained primarily from banking institutions . This method of raising funds with debt securities is termed “indirect financing” In addition to those issued at the time of their incorporation, business corporations issue additional equity shares(an increase of capital) to finance the expansion of their production capacity or for other purposes . As business corporations are not required to repay the principal thus raised, or pay interest thereon , the proceeds from the issuance of equity shares constitute the most stable form of funds among external funds . As is the case with equity shares , corporate debt securities are also an instrument for raising funds from the capital markets, and issuers have to redeem them on or by a predetermined date of redemption and pay a definite rate of interest on them . Corporate debt securities are largely divided into straight (SB), bonds with subscription rights, and structured bonds(see Chapter V). As the securities underlying equity shares or corporate debt are held directly by the providers of funds, this method of raising funds is called “direct financing”. A survey of changes that have occurred in the amount of funds raised from external sources as a percentage of the outstanding balance of financial debts shows that bank borrowings have tended to decrease since 1990. In the 2000s, funds raised through the issue of securities have outpaced those obtained through bank borrowings, suggesting that the weight of corporate financing structure has shifted from indirect to direct financing. This may be explained by the fact (1) that following the liberalization and internationalization of the financial markets, businesses have actively sought to raise funds be selling new shares and bonds on the market and (2) that particularly since 1980, in addition to reductions of inter-company credits that businesses had made under the pressure of recession, banks have curtailed their lending and businesses have repaid their debt banks in an effort to improve their financial positions. And these facts have combined to produce a synergistic effect. Most recently, the proportion of financing by loans has risen because of the decline in the functioning of the capital market caused by the financial crisis. However, with the establishment of emerging markets and the liberalization and abolition of regulations on the issue of debt securities, small-to-medium-sized firms can now obtain financing through the capital market. Consequently, if the capital market rebounds, the proportion of financing through the issue of securities will likely recover.
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
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回答ありがとうございます。