1791年の文学と科学についての考察

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  • 今年の一橋大学(前期)の英語の読解問題について、わからない文法事項があります。
  • 特に、「, were they made hereditary」という表現についての解釈方法や、文中の「well-known thinker in 1791」について知りたいです。
  • 質問内容をよろしくお願いします。
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今年の一橋大学(前期)の英語の読解問題を解いています。

今年の一橋大学(前期)の英語の読解問題を解いています。 その中でわからない文法事項があるので、質問させてください。 "I smile to myself when I consider the ridiculous insighnificance into which literature and all the sciences would sink, were they made hereditary,"commented a well-known thinker in 1791,・・・ と続くのですが、後半部の「, were they made hereditary」はどのような解釈をしたらいいのでしょうか。 仮定法でIfが省かれたのかと思ったのですが、それだと、帰結節に助動詞がないことに違和感があります。 あと、この文で言っている「well-known thinker in 1791」というのは誰のことですか。 以上、よろしくお願いします。

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  • 英語
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回答No.1

直前に would があります。 これが仮定法の帰結節です。 この would は into which ~という関係節の中にありますが,were 以下の if 節はこの部分にのみかかることになります。 「もし,世襲であるとされたら,文学やすべての学問が次第に(そこへと)陥ってしまうだろうとんでもない無意味さ」 日本語でもこうなりますが,「もし~」は「~陥ってしまうだろう」にかかり,これは関係詞節内で,「~無意味さ」という名詞を修飾することになります。

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回答No.2

関係代名詞は文的な要素でもって,先行詞を修飾します。 すなわち,関係詞「節」を構成するわけです。 先行詞 the ridiculous insignificance に対して, Literature and all the sciences would sink into it, were they made hereditary. という内容で修飾するわけです。 it = 先行詞 the ridiculous insignificance です。 この文は仮定法であり,if の省略,would を用いた帰結節が存在しています。 このように(最終的な)主節となる smile が帰結節でなく,when 節の中の consider でもなく,関係詞節の中に,if 節とその帰結節が存在するわけです。 >世襲であるとされたら 世襲なものにされたら の方が正確でした。 a well-known thinker とはイギリスの思想家 Thomas Paine で,1791年に出された Rights of Man から引用したと思われます。

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