効果的な筋力トレーニングと有酸素運動のプログラムによる歩行とバランスへの影響についての研究

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  • 高齢の虚弱な人々の歩行とバランスへの効果に関して、これまでの研究では報告されていない。
  • 下肢の筋力は転倒と相関があり、筋力と最大酸素摂取量(Vo2 max)は歩行速度と相関があるため、論理的な介入方法として、中程度から高強度の筋力トレーニングと有酸素運動のプログラムを検討した。
  • そのため、非トレーニング状態の男性介護施設入居者を対象に、下肢の筋力トレーニングと有酸素トレーニングを行った臨床試験を実施した。非トレーニング状態の高齢者はこのようなプログラムに参加し、完了することができるのか?参加者は筋力と運動能力を向上させることができるのか?モビリティ、歩行速度、バランスのスコアは改善するのか?
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英文訳お願いします

To date no studies have reported the effects on gait and balance in the frail elderly of a combined strengthening and aerobic exercise program .Because lower extremity muscle strength has been correlated with falls, and both muscle strength and Vo2 max have been correlated with gait velocity , we considered a logical intervention to be a combined moderate to high-intentity weight training and aerobic exercise program . Accordingly , we have conducted a clinical trial of lower extremity strengthening and aerobic training in deconditioned male nursing home residents actually are candidates for a moderate to high-intensity exercise program? Can deconditioned elderly subjects participate in and complete such a program? Will the participates increase their strength and exercise capacity? Do their mobility, gait and balance scores improve? 訳してくださる方お願いします…

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  • ddeana
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回答No.1

下記の部分、オリジナルと違っておりますので、オリジナルに沿って訳しました。[ ] 部分がオリジナル Accordingly , we have conducted a clinical trial of lower extremity strengthening and aerobic training in deconditioned male nursing home residents actually are candidates for a moderate to high-intensity exercise program? ↓ Accordingly , we have conducted a clinical trial of lower extremity strengthening and aerobic training in deconditioned male nursing home residents. [The study was designed to answer the following questions: What proportion of nursing home residents ] actually are candidates for a moderate to high-intensity exercise program? 今まで筋力強化と有酸素運動プログラムを組み合わせたことによる、虚弱な高齢者の歩行とバランスへの効果に関する研究は一度も報告されていない。下肢の筋力は、転落事故と関連があるとされてきており、筋力と最大酸素摂取量は、共に歩行速度と関連があるとされてきたので、我々は中強度から高強度のウエイトトレーニングと有酸素運動プログラムを組み合わせる論理的治療介入を検討した。そこで、体力の低下している男性特別養護老人ホーム入居者における、下肢筋力強化と有酸素トレーニングの治験(※1)を実施した。この実験は次のような質問に答えるようデザインされた。すなわち、特別養護老人ホーム入居者中どの程度が、実際に中から高強度の運動プログラム参加者でありうるのか? 体力の低下した高齢の被験者がそういったプログラムに参加して、きちんと最後までこなすことができるだろうか? 参加者の筋力と運動能力は増加するのか? 彼らの可動性、歩行そしてバランススコアは改善するか? ※1:臨床試験、治療実験とも訳します。新薬などの開発の場合はもっとナイーブな訳になりますが、今回のような運動プログラムの場合は簡略化して「治験」と訳してもあまり問題はないかと考えます。

関連するQ&A

  • 英語論文の翻訳おねがいします

    A clinical trial of strengthening and aerobic exercise to improve gait and balance in elderly male nursing home residents. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a moderate to high intensity strengthening and aerobic exercise program can improve the strength, exercise capacity, gait and balance of deconditioned male nursing home residents. Ambulatory subjects who scored 30 or less on the modified Tinetti gait and balance assessment scale, who demonstrated less than 80% of age-matched lower extremity strength on isokinetic muscle testing and who gave informed consent were enrolled. Subjects were randomized to either an exercise (n = 8) or a control (n = 6) group. All participants underwent an exercise test to determine maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) and received quantitative gait and balance measurements. The subjects assigned to the exercise group then completed a 12-wk program of weight training for the lower extremities and stationary cycling. Both the exercise and control groups were then retested. Ten outcome variables were assessed: Tinetti mobility scores, Vo2max, isokinetic-tested lower extremity strength and endurance, stride length, gait velocity, stance time, gait duration, cadence and balance. The exercise group, after completion of the program, demonstrated significant improvements in Tinetti mobility scores (P < 0.05), combined right and left quadricep muscle strength (P < 0.01), right and left lower extremity muscular endurance (P < 0.01), left stride length and gait velocity (P < 0.05), although other outcome variables changed insignificantly. The control group revealed no changes of significance with the exception of improvement of the combined right and left hamstring muscle strength (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, for those outcome variables that had improved significantly in the exercise group, the changes amounted to only a 5 to 10% increase over the baseline measurements. These findings showed that an appropriately designed high intensity exercise program can result in significant although limited improvements for clinical mobility scores, strength, muscular endurance and certain gait parameters. 高齢者男性老人ホームの入居者での歩行とバランスの改善のための臨床試験の強化と有酸素運動 本研究の目的は、中等度から高強度の強化と有酸素運動プログラムが男性老人ホームの入居者運動能力、歩行の評価とバランスを向上させることができるかどうかを決定することであった。等速筋力テストに年齢をマッチさせた下肢強度の80%未満を示したインフォームドコンセントを与えた人修正、歩行評価とバランス評価スケールで30以下を記録した外来被験者が在籍していた。被験者は運動(N = 8)またはコントロール(N = 6)グループのいずれかに無作為に割り付けられた。すべての参加者は、最大酸素摂取量(VO2max)を決定するために運動負荷試験を施行し、定量的歩行とバランスの測定を受けた。運動群に割り当てられた被験者は、その後、下肢と固定サイクリングにウェイトトレーニングの12週のプログラムを完了した。運動と対照群の両方は、次いで再試験した。テン結果変数を評価した:Tinettiモビリティスコア、最大酸素摂取量、等速にテストされた下肢の強さと持久力、歩幅、歩行速度、スタンス時間、歩行時間、リズムとバランスを。運動群は、番組の終了後、左、右と左の大腿四頭筋強度(P <0.01)、左右の下肢筋持久力(P <0.01)を組み合わせTinetti移動度のスコア(P <0.05)において有意な改善を、実証歩幅、歩行速度(P <0.05)、他の結果変数がわずかに変化しない。対照群は、結合された左右のハムストリング筋強度(P <0.05)の改善を除いて、有意の変化を全く示さなかった。それにもかかわらず、運動群で有意に改善したそれらの結果変数のため、変更はベースライン測定上のみ5から10パーセント増となりました。これらの知見は、適切に設計された高強度の運動プログラムは、臨床モビリティのスコア、強さ、筋肉の持久力と一定の歩行パラメータの限定されたものの、大幅な改善につながることを示した。 翻訳機にかけたらこう出て来ました…がよくわかりません。 もっと分かりやすく訳せる方いましたらお願いします。

  • 英語論文翻訳お願いします

    The intervention was found to be acceptable and safe for the selected were missed because of exercise-in-duced musculoskeletal complaints, nor did any subjects drop out because of dissatisfaction with the program. Medical illness requiring hospitalization did cause two participants to withdraw, illustrating the role of intercurrent illness as a cause of deconditioning and progressive debilitation 34. The conclusion that the intervention was only partially effective is based on the evaluation of five types of outcome variables. Strength, endurance and gait improved significantly, but left the treated patients still considerably below age-matched healthy individuals in these respects. Aerobic work capacity and balance were not improved by the 12wk of exercise. The participants in the exercise program did increase their lower extremity muscle strength. The isotonic strength measurements increased symmetrically, whereas the isokinetic strength measure ments revealed left-side gains to be greater than those on the right. In addition to strength, both right and left lower extremity muscular endurance improved significantly. At the end of the exercise program, however, the average scores for strength and endurance were still only about 65% of age-matched normal values. すみません… お願いします

  • 英語論文翻訳お願いします

    Testing procedures All study participants completed manual muscle and Tinetti mobility testing , isokinetic strength testing of the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups , exercise stress testing and gait and balance testing bath at the beginning and gait and balance testing bath at the beginning and end of the 12-wk study period. These measurements were made by blinded examiners at baseline and 7 to 10 days after completion of either the exercise or control protocols. Positioning of the subjects for manual muscle testing of the various lower extremity muscle groups and the zero to five muscle strength grading system were based on the positions and grades established by Kendall and MCreary.27 Modifications in muscle testing were made as necessary following the procedures recommended by Daniels and Worthingham.28 Leg length discrepancies and significant joint motion limitations were recorded at this time. Clinical gait and balance were measured with a modified version of Tinetti’s instrument.29 This mobility test involves a series of simple tasks including sitting, standing up from and sitting down in a cair, standing and tandem standing both with eyes open and closed , turning in a circle, turning head from side to side , standing on one leg , reaching and bending to pick up an object, withstanding a nudge on the sternum while standing and walking short distances with or without the aid of an assistive device. Observations of gait were made for gait intiation, step length and height, step symmetry, step continuity and gait path. Each task was scored on a zero to one or zero to two scale . Isokinetic muscle strength testing was performed at 60°per second to obtain concentric isokinetic strength measurements for knee flexion and extension, measurements for knee flexion and extension, utilizing the Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer (Lumex, Inc. Bayshore, NY) and single-channel chart recorder. Adjustments for age were determined by estimating a 1% decline in strength per year after age 40.30 Measurements of endurance were recorded by tabulating the number of repetitions completed at 180°per second before strength declined to <50% of peak torque. Testing procedures All study participants completed manual muscle and Tinetti mobility testing , isokinetic strength testing of the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups , exercise stress testing and gait and balance testing bath at the beginning and gait and balance testing bath at the beginning and end of the 12-wk study period. These measurements were made by blinded examiners at baseline and 7 to 10 days after completion of either the exercise or control protocols. Positioning of the subjects for manual muscle testing of the various lower extremity muscle groups and the zero to five muscle strength grading system were based on the positions and grades established by Kendall and MCreary.27 Modifications in muscle testing were made as necessary following the procedures recommended by Daniels and Worthingham.28 Leg length discrepancies and significant joint motion limitations were recorded at this time. Clinical gait and balance were measured with a modified version of Tinetti’s instrument.29 This mobility test involves a series of simple tasks including sitting, standing up from and sitting down in a cair, standing and tandem standing both with eyes open and closed , turning in a circle, turning head from side to side , standing on one leg , reaching and bending to pick up an object, withstanding a nudge on the sternum while standing and walking short distances with or without the aid of an assistive device. Observations of gait were made for gait intiation, step length and height, step symmetry, step continuity and gait path. Each task was scored on a zero to one or zero to two scale . よろしくお願いします

  • 英語翻訳お願いします…

    (1)lower extremity weakness by manual testing of the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups scoring < 5 based on the grades established by kendall and McCreary. (2)isokinetic quadricep and hamstring muscle strength < 80 % of age predicted normal values. (3)Moderate to severe dementia which prohibits subject from following directions based on a folstein mini mental status score<20 (4)motor neuropathy すみませんお願いします。

  • 英語論文翻訳お願いします

    The gains in muscle strength, stride length and gait velocity were greater in the left leg than in the right leg. All study participants were right side dominant. The most plausible explanation for the consistently greater nondominant side improvements is that the left lower extremity may have been subject to greater disuse atrophy than the right lower extremity. The finding of asymmetrical left lower extremity strength improvement in conjunction with left stride length and velocity improvement supports the work of Bassey et al 20. Correlating muscle strength to customary gait velocity. The percentage improvements in strength, tinetti mobility score, stride length and stride velocity were only 6,10,5 and 3% of the baseline values, respectively. These changes appeared to be small in relationship to the baseline deficiencies of 62% for strength, 71% for tinetti score, 56% for stride length and60% for gait velocity. Such changes are likely not trivial, however, because increases in gait speed of the magnitude produced by the present exercise program have proven to be predictors of eventual independent mobility in poorly mobile subjects 39. It is also possible that the type of exercise utilized in this particular study, but with greater intensity or longer duration, could magnify the gains. Finally, it needs to be emphasized that the inclusion/exclusion criteria for the study, in addition to the complexity of the protocol, resulted in an extremely small sample size. The small group of subjects may not have been representative of the entire ZVAMC NHCU population. These considerations limit the general izability of the study’s conclusions. 最後です。;; すみませんお願い致します…

  • 英語論文の翻訳、長いですがお願いします。

    Methods Subjects were recruited from the 200-bed Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center (ZVAMC) Nursing Home Unit (NHCU) , which has a turnover of ~200 residents per year and serves predominantly elderly men . the protocol was approved by the Human Research and Review College of Wisconsin . potential participants were identified via a memorandum to the NHCU staff that described the inclusion and exclusion criteria listed in Table 1 . Chart reviews , interviews and examinations to determine eligibility for the study . Men without exclusionary characteristics underwent Tinetti mobility testing 29 and a neuromuscular examination . Scores of 30 or less on the Tinetti mobility test and evidence of lower extremity weakness based on the standard muscle strength scoring system 27 qualified subjects for further consideration . These candidates after signing an informed consent were then randomized into either the exercise or the control group . the final eligibility determination was made after participating men demonstrated <80% of age-specific normal lower extremity strength on isokinetic muscle strength testing . よろしくお願いします

  • 英語論文翻訳お願いします

    The Vo2 max did not rise significantly despite increases in leg strength and muscular endurance. Potential reasons for this lack improvement are the complex interaction of multiple disease processes, inadequate duration or intensity of training or the diminished end organ response to exercise training in the frail elderly. The exercise subjects did on average maintain an adequate heart rate response during aerobic training, achieving 82% of their exercise-tested maximal heart rate 35. The duration of 20 min three times weekly may have been suboptimal, with some authors recommending 30 min of aerobic training three times weekly for elderly individuals 36 37. Twenty minutes is considered to be the minimal time necessary to obtain an aerobic response 38. These results are consistent with the conclusion of vase et al 34. That it is difficult to improve aerobic capacity in mild to moderately impaired and deconditioned nursing home residents. In addition, it must be noted that attainment of an accurate Vo2 max depends heavily on subjective factors such as muscle fatigue, perceived exhaustion, level of motivation and the examiner’s willingness to allow subjects to reach exhaustion. A true Vo2 max may therefore be difficult to obtain in the frail elderly. The leg muscle frequently reach exhaustion before the cardiopulmonary system attains its maximal capacity and a valid Vo2 max is never achieved 36. Clinical mobility scores, as measured by the modified tinetti assessment scale, did improve significantly. Whether the improved Tinetti scores would be associated with improved activities of daily living or a decreased incidence of falls in the treated men remains to be learned. One participant in the exercise program who initially required the assistance of his arms to stand from a chair was able to the program. The two subjects who routinely used a cane or walker for added stability during ambulation continued to do so after completion of the exercise program. Although quantitative gait measurements demonstrated significant improvements in left-sided stride length and velocity with lesser increases in right-side stride length and velocity, other gait characteristics, namely stance time, gait duration and cadence, did not change significantly. Furthermore, balance measurements of total excursion revealed no significant changes with the eyes open or closed. These observations suggest that neurologic impairment may have been a more important cause than muscle weakness in causing the ambulatory difficulty of the subjects studied. On the other hand, exercise of greater intensity or longer duration requires testing before a coutributory role of weakness can be excluded. The finding of insignificant balance changes is consistent with results obtained in prior studies すみません… お願いします。

  • 英語論文翻訳お願いします

    Experience of the Exercise Group Compliance The eight exercise group subjects completed all 36 sessions. However, before completing all exercise sessions, total of 16 sessions were missed accounting for an overall compliance rate of ~95%. The average heart rate of 103 beats /min, achieved during stationary crying, equaled 82%of the exercise stress-tested maximal heart rate and 70% of the age-predicted maximal heart rate. The exercise participants used the Air-Dyne model cycle ergometers 85% of the time and the Ergo-Metric models the remaining 15%. Because of the added upper extremity exercise provided by the reciprocal arm movements, the subjects achieved higher average heart rates and were encouraged to use the Air-Dyne model cycle ergometers. Safety and intercurrent Illness The exercise program was safe with no apparent adverse side effects and no session were missed because of musculoskeletal complications. None of the subjects dropped out because of dissatisfaction with the program. Twp participants, both in the exercise group, were forced to withdraw from the study because of intercurrent illnesses. Results of testing at the end of the exercise program Compasidon of the first to the last exercise sessions showed that each of the men participating in the exercise program increased the amount of weight lifted in the 10 repetition maximum. Baseline weight lifted averaged 7.6 lbs for the hip muscle groups, 28 lbs for the knee extensors and 46 lbs for the ankle plantar flexors. The increase in weight lifted over the course of the study averaged 7.3 lbs (99%) for the hip muscle groups, 21lbs(81%) for the knee extensors and 37 lbs (80%) for the ankle plantar flexors. Although one repetition maximum values were measured before the first exercise session, they were not repeated at the end of the exercise program. The control subjects did not undergo baseline weight measurement determinations. Table 3 provides information regarding each of the before and after variables measured in the exercise group. The mean increase in tinetti mobility scores of+3.37 was significant (P<0.05), with each subject scoring higher after completion of the exercise program. The tinetti scale was divided into three parts, consisting of strength items (12 points), items combining strength and balance (6 points) and items that were primarily related to balance (16 points). Increases in items primarily related to strength were significant (P<0.01), while increases in balance-related item approached significance (P<0.06). Table2&3 Isokinetic strength measurements that increased significantly included overall strength combining the individual muscle group measurements (P<0.01), combined right and left quadriceps strength (P<0.05) and right- and left- handed muscular endurance (P<0.05). left quadriceps strength improvements approached, but did not achieve significance (P<0.07). post-strengthening measurements of gait and balance revealed significant improvements in left-sided stride length (P<0.005), left gait velocity (P<0.01) and average stride length (P<0.005) and velocity (P<0.05). no significant changes occurred for the other measured parameters including V02 max and balance. Experience of the control group The results for the control group can be found in Table 4. All control subjects completed the testing protocol without complications. No outcome variable improved significantly at the end of the 12-wk control period with the exception of the combined hamstring strength (P<0.05). Between group comparisons Table 5 compares the magnitude of change between the before and after test measurements in the exercise U the control group. Differences of significance included the tinetti mobility scores (P<0.005), left stride length (P<0.05), left velocity (P<0.05), average stride length (P<0.05) and average velocity (P<0.05). よろしくお願いします。 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1466871

  • 英語論文の翻訳、長いですがお願いします。

    Protocols for the exercise and control groups Men randomized to the exercise group entered a progressive resistance lower extremity weight training and aerobic conditioning program at the ZVAMC Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Center . Weight training was conducted on a multipurpose weight machine (Marcy Gymnasinm Equipment Co . ) and aerobic conditioning was completed on stationary Air Dyne or cycle ergometers (Air Dyne & Ergo Metric Exercisor Models by Schwinn). Weight measurements were determined with a 23-kg load cell (Sensotec 31/143) and appropriate instrumentation (Sensotec HH). Exercise sessions were conducted 3 days a week for 12 wk totaling 36 sessions. Each session lasted between 45 and 75 min depending on the number of participants. All missed sessions were made up at a later date unless continuation was not possible because of medical or personal problems. Heart rates were continuously monitored by telemetry (Transkinetics TEM-4100)during the exercise sessions and estimated average heart rates were recorded during aerobic training. Each exercise session included : (1)a warm up of leisurely cycling for 3-5min , (2) aerobic exercise on either the Air Dyne or cycle ergometer, (3) strength training and (4) a warm down of cycling for 3-5 min. The aerobic exercise was performed for a duration of 20 min at a target heart rate of >70% of the exercise stress-tested maximal heart rate. The strength training was performed on the hip flexors, hip extensors, hip abductors, knee extensors and ankle plantar flexors. The hip muscle groups were exercised in succession with a standard weight and pulley system attached by a Velcro strap to the ankle with the subjects in a standing position. Four maneuvers were required for each extremity, totaling eight different hip exercise. To exercise the knee extensors, the subjects were required to lift the training weight from a sitting position with 90°of knee flexion to full knee extension using both knees simultaneously. The ankle plantar flexors were exercise with the subjects standing, holding the training weight with arms and back straight, and rising from the foot flat position to maximum, defined as the most weight a subject could lift through a full range of motion one time, was determined for each of the muscle groups before the first exercise session. At the first session, the weight load was set at 40 to 60% of the one repetition maximum so tha the subjects could complete 10 repetitions. Sequential load adjustments were made in subsequent sessions to maintain a maximal fatigue level after completion of the 10 repetitions. The subjects rotated to three weight stations performing one set of 10 repetitions for each of the hip muscle groups and two sets of 10 repetitions for both the knee extensors and ankle plantar flexors. The order of weight training exercise varied depending on preference and station availability. Subjects assigned to the control group received usual care within the NHCU during the study period. When indicated , this care included maintenance physical therapy. No dietary limitations were imposed on either group. After completion of the study period, a subset of the control subjects in either group. After completion of the study period, a subset of the control subjects crossed over to the exercise group. Subjects in either group requiring hospitalization secondary to a medical illness were dropped from the study. よろしくお願いします

  • 英語翻訳お願いします

    Due to delayed muscle activity of the lower extremity to which application of weight loading failed during terminal stance peak, the anterior transition force weakens and gait patterns of both lower extremities are affected, leading to asymmetric gait. 重さ積載の応用がターミナルのスタンス・ピークの間、失敗した下肢の遅れた筋肉活動のために、力が弱める前方移行と両下肢の足取りパターンは影響を受けます。そして、非対称の足取りに至ります 翻訳にかけるとこんなかんじです。 すみません。