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Sullivan called Caporetto "the greatest defeat in Italian military history." Schindler wrote "By any standard, Twelfth Isonzo [Caporetto] and its aftermath represented an unprecedented catastrophe for Italian arms." The disaster "came as a shock" and "triggered a search for scapegoats," culminating in a 1919 Italian military commission that investigated the causes of the debacle. At Rapallo, a Supreme War Council was created to improve Allied military co-operation and develop a common strategy. Luigi Cadorna was forced to resign after the defeat, a final straw according to the Prime Minister, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando. Cadorna was known to have maintained poor relations with the other generals on his staff and by the start of the battle, had sacked 217 generals, 255 colonels and 355 battalion commanders. In addition, he was detested by his troops as being too harsh. Cadorna had been directing the battle 20 miles (32 km) behind the front and retreated another 100 mi (160 km) to Padua when replaced by Armando Diaz and Pietro Badoglio. Italian propaganda offices were established, promising land and social justice to soldiers. Italy also accepted a more cautious military strategy from this point on. Diaz concentrated his efforts on rebuilding his shattered forces while taking advantage of the national rejuvenation that had been spurred by invasion and defeat.Italian losses were enormous: 10,000 were killed, 30,000 wounded and 265,000 were taken prisoner – morale was so low among the Italian troops, mainly due to Cadorna's harsh disciplinary regime, that most of these surrendered willingly. 3,152 artillery pieces, 3,000 machine guns and 1,712 mortars were lost, along with a vast amount of stores and equipment. In contrast, the Austro-Hungarians and Germans only sustained 70,000 casualties. The last push of Austro-Hungarian and German forces was met and defeated by Italian forces at the First Battle of Monte Grappa: they had advanced more than 100 km (62 mi) in the direction of Venice, but they were not able to cross the Piave River. Although up to this point the Italians had been left to fight on their own, after Caporetto they were reinforced by six French infantry divisions and five British infantry divisions as well as sizeable air contingents.

この秋試験を受けて自己採点で明らかに落ちたとわかっているものです。 成績(自己採点)は午前午後ともに50％くらいです。 参考書は「栢木先生の基本情報技術者教室」を使っていました。 午後試験は過去に受かった人に午前のを理解していれば午後は受かるから大丈夫と言われて買っていません。 実際試験を受けたところテクノロジ系はたまに、それ以外のマネジメント系とストラテジ系は参考書には載っていない単語がたくさん出てきて全然わかりませんでした。 自分は栢木先生の本ように自分の中にイメージができないと理解ができないタイプです。文字ばかりであまり図や絵がないのは理解(イメージ)しにくくて勉強がはかどりにくいんです。また、○○は何に使われるとか何のためにあるなど、目的が載っていて詳しいものだとより理解しやすいタイプです。 栢木先生の本以外に自分に合いそうな参考書ありますか？？あったら紹介していただけませんか？また、ない場合オススメの参考書と勉強方法教えてください。マネジメント系とストラテジ系の勉強は何ですればいいのですか？？その分野においては栢木先生のは勉強できないみたいなので。 あと、午後問題対策はどうすればいいですか？これもオススメの参考書などあればご紹介していただきたいです。ちなみに自分はプログラミングが得意なのでJavaかＣを選択し、アルゴリズムは時間をかければ何とかなりそうです。前半の１～７の内５問を選択っていうところで時間を取られたり、理解しきれてないみたいです。 自分の場合勉強方法(勉強期間や平日・休日の勉強時間も含め)はこうだったなどの合格体験談もお聞かせ下さい。

中国の大学に在籍しているものです。 発展経済学という授業で「持続可能な発展戦略」というものを学んだのですが、 その日の宿題として、 「自分の国の自然資源や環境の現状と、そのために実施している持続可能な発展戦略（Sustainable Development Strategyサスティナブル・ディベロップメント・ストラテジー）を調べてくる」という宿題が出され、 次週、教室の前に出て、各国の代表が発表することになりました。 日本人は私一人しかいないので、私が発表しなければならないのですが、 ネットで探しても企業のCSR関連のものや、世界の取り組みがほとんどで、 日本が具体的にどんな対策を取っているのかはいまいちはっきりしませんでした。 環境省のホームページも見ましたが、国際協力や教育についてがほとんどでした。 企業のサステナビリティについては、日本の大学にいたときに少し習ったことがあったのですが、 恥ずかしながらよく覚えていないのにあわせて、 今回の宿題は主に日本の環境に関する「日本の取り組み」を報告しなければなりません。 今、日本の自然資源及び自然環境のどのような状況にあり、 そして「持続可能な発展」を達成するために、どのような戦略（対策）を取っているのでしょうか。 発表は来週の月曜日です。どうぞよろしくお願いいたします。

　ある投資ソフトを購入したのですが、 シロウトなものでよく分からないことがあります。 まず、このソフトはインストールしました。 まずは言葉の意味なのですが、これはダウンロードと同義なのでしょうか？つまり私は、このソフトを自分のPCに完全に隔離して 落とし込んだという意味なのでしょうか？ そうして他からは完全に見られないという ことなのでしょうか？ 　それともASPで借りている、例えそれが永久権利だとしてもです。 もし、ASPで借りているような状態なら私の作ったストラテジーは 外部から見ることが出来るのではないですか？ 　ASPというとなんだか月々というイメージがありますが、 最初にその代金を一括で払い込んで、仕組みはASPと同じで 向こうのサーバーの中に借りにいっているというような ことは出来るのではないでしょうか？ 　シロウトなのでどこにプログラムが書いているのか 見たことはありません。 　また、借りにダウンロードしていたとしても 私のストラテジーだけが向こうにかってに知らせるような プログラムになっているということはないでしょうか？ 　ちょっと話が変わりますが、借りに改良（私は出来ませんが）したような場合に知らせるような機能をつけるとか可能性はあると 思います。 　変な質問ですがよろしくお願いします。

The British were to attack the salient that had formed between Bapaume and Vimy Ridge with two armies and the French with three armies from the Somme to Noyon. The attacks were to be made on the broadest possible fronts and advance deep enough to threaten German artillery positions. When Marshal Joseph Joffre was superseded by General Robert Nivelle, the "Chantilly strategy" was altered. A policy of breakthrough and decisive battle to be achieved within 24–48 hours and lead to the "total destruction of active enemy forces by manoeuvre and battle" was returned to. Successive attacks in a methodical battle were dropped and continuous thrusts were substituted, to deprive the Germans of time to reinforce and strengthen their defences. A large amount of heavy artillery fire up to 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) deep, to the rear edge of the German defences would achieve the breakthrough. The infantry advance was to reach the German heavy artillery in one attack and then widen the breach with lateral attacks.

One casualty of these changes was Conrad, with Karl reported as "not wanting  a genius to command his armies", but following on from the experience of  the supremely gifted but often unsuccessful Conrad, rather someone who  was just capable. Arz was acquainted with the emperor; not only was he  a capable commander of troops, but he also possessed a conciliatory manner  which did not make the Emperor feel he was being patronised during discussions  on military matters, as was the case with other commanders. Unlike Conrad,  Arz was not overtly political, was wholly committed to the Central Powers,  and had full faith in the Emperor. Once appointed in March 1917, Arz made every effort to comply with the Emperor 's wishes, but unlike his predecessor he acted as a personal advisor to  the Emperor on army matters, rather than as a driver of his own strategy,  which had been Conrad's hallmark.

お願いします 単語帳カード（って言うのかな？）について先生に提出するのですが文法がどうも苦手で以下英語添削頂けると助かります Paragraph One I used vocabulary word cards to review the words in Chapters One, Two, Three and Four. When I had trouble understanding the meaning of a word, I looked unknown word up in the dictionary. Then I felt this is important or useful, I added the word in my word cards. Strategy for the enhancement of my English skill is built up the habit of using word cards everyday. Paragraph Two The word cards helped me learn and remember the vocabulary from the textbook. Using word cards over and over again, it led to able to stable my memory. When I looked the word cards, it stimulated my brain cells for memory. therefore, it easy to pick up the words. Through this method, I would like to increase my vocabulary.

Falkenhayn was called on to justify his strategy to the Kaiser on 8 July and again advocated sending minimal reinforcements to the east and to continue the "decisive" battle in France, where the Somme offensive was the "last throw of the dice" for the Entente. Falkenhayn had already given up the plan for a counter-offensive near Arras, to reinforce the Russian front and the 2nd Army, with eighteen divisions moved from the reserve and the 6th Army front. By the end of August only one division remained in reserve. The 5th Army had been ordered to limit its attacks at Verdun in June but a final effort was made in July to capture Fort Souville. The effort failed and on 12 July, Falkenhayn ordered a strict defensive policy, permitting only small local attacks, to try to limit the number of troops the French took from the RFV to add to the Somme offensive.

De Witte repulsed the German cavalry attacks by ordering the cavalry, which included a company of cyclists and one of pioneers to fight dismounted and meet the attack with massed rifle fire. Significant casualties were inflicted upon the Germans. The German cavalry had managed to obscure the operations on the German right flank and established a front parallel with Liège and discovered the positions of the Belgian field army but had not been able to penetrate beyond the Belgian front line and discover Belgian dispositions beyond. Although a Belgian victory, the battle had little strategic effect and the Germans later besieged and captured the fortified areas of Namur, Liège and Antwerp, on which Belgian strategy hinged. The German advance was stopped at the Battle of the Yser at the end of October 1914, by which time the Germans had driven Belgian and Allied troops out of most of Belgium and imposed a military government.

By the end of the Third Battle of Ypres in November 1917, the effectiveness of the methods of defence introduced in 1917 had been eroded and continuation of a defensive strategy in the west was made impossible. The defeat of Russia gave the German leadership a final opportunity to avoid defeat, rather than the attempts to compete with Allied numerical and industrial superiority, through economic warfare in the Atlantic and the domestic initiatives of the Hindenburg Programme, the Auxiliary Service Law and temporary demobilisation of skilled workers from the army. The accuracy of Great War casualty statistics is disputed. Casualty data available refer to Western Front totals as shown in Winston Churchill's The World Crisis (1923–29) and do not refer directly to the German withdrawal to the Hindenburg Line (Siegfriedstellung) or losses which would be considered "normal wastage", occurring as a consequence of the existence of the Western Front, rather than to particular military operations.

数学の問題を解きたいのですが、英語でわからないので和訳してください。 それでは早速「There are 2008 bags numbered from 1 to 2008, with 2008 frogs in each one of them. Two people play in turns. A play consists in selecting a bag and taking out of it any number of frongs (at least one), leaving x frogs in it (x  0). After each play, from each bag with a number higher than the selected one and having more than x frogs, some frogs scape until there are x frogs in the bag. The player that takes out the last frog from bag number 1 looses. Find and explain a winning strategy」です。よろしくお願いします。

和訳おねがいします。 The drama of Ito's visit to St Petersburg concealed what must be described as the first Russo-Japanese top-level talks. Although the talks were a disappointment to both sides, they were an earnest that both sides wanted to preserve the peace and realized that there was a risk of its being broken. The Russians emerged from the talks unsure of themselves and, when the Anglo-Japanese alliance was announced, rather bruised. They chose to interpret Ito's visit as part of the Japanese "alliance strategy" — which it was not — rather than the action of one of the opinion-forming groups off its own bat — which it was. 　* Ian Nish, The Origins of the Russo-Japanese War

2012年12月31日号のNews　Weekにサムソンと、アップルが決裂することの記事があります。 （Here's why Apple and Samsung are breaking up　より）中程の文章ですが、 Google and Samsung, Apple's major mobile competitors,have a far different strategy.The Android mobile platform is far more open,custmizable,and flexible-providing providing access to suites of apps and legions of developers that Apple wouldn't even let past the coat check. アップル社の閉鎖的な体質を述べている記事なのですが、この the coat check　の意味が分かりません。単純に、クロークのことではないように思うのですが。

はじめまして。あと２～３年をめどに独立、企業を目指している３２歳の会社員です。 工業関連のエンジニア、WEBコンサル＆プログラマーの職歴ですが、これらを活かして現在会社で勤務しながら、すこしずづ自分でビジネス（ネット関連）をしています。 既に起業されていらっしゃる方にお聞きしたいのですが、起業と会社運営において起業前に読んでおきたい本があればお教え願えますでしょうか。また、インベストメント、ファイナンス、マーケティング、コーポレートストラテジーについての実践に役立つ良書などもお教え頂ければ嬉しいです。どうぞ宜しくお願い申し上げます。

この前、IPに合格することが出来たのでFEの勉強を始めました。 試しに午前問題の２３年度の春・秋を解いてみたところマネジメント・ストラテジは出来る問題が多かったのですがテクノロジの計算問題が予想以上に難しく感じて両方共45～50問正解ぐらいでした。そこで今は学校（専門）や自宅での空き時間に栢木先生の本を読んで、勉強時間にはC言語の本を見ながらソースコードを書いたりして午後の対策をしているのですが、午前と午後の勉強を並行でやるのはあまり好ましくないのでしょうか？

名作「コサックス」に匹敵するゲームありませんか？ かなり昔の事になりますが、2003年発売のPC用ゲーム「コサックス」にハマりました。 最大8000ものユニットが一つ一つが意志を持つように動く様は素晴らしく、RTS（リアルタイムストラテジー）の最高傑作の一つかと思います。 特にTCP/IPでのネット対戦は最高で、1対1でもよし、チーム戦での対戦も最高におもしろかったです。 その後、同メーカーの「アメリカンコンクエスト」、「コサックスII」とプレイしてきました。 これらの続編となるゲームは出ていないのですか？ また同じようなゲームでオススメがあれば教えてください。

Hindenburg and Ludendorff forced a return to the policy of unrestricted submarine warfare on 9 January 1917 and engineered the dismissal of the Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg and other opponents of the policy the next day. The policy was to resume on 1 February, with the intention of sinking 600,000 long tons (610,000 t) of shipping per month and knocking Britain out of the war in 5–12 months. Optimistic claims by the navy were less important to the decision, than the "desperate" position of the western armies and the decrepitude of Germany's allies. Another front in the west was to be opened by the resumption of air attacks on Britain. New aircraft had become available to replace airships, which had become too vulnerable to British counter-measures in 1916. Planning began in late 1916 and Operation Türkenkreutz began in May 1917. As part of the defensive strategy for the Western Front, five defensive positions were planned to form the basis of the Abwehrschlacht (defensive battle) expected in 1917.

Although the French and British had intended to launch a spring offensive in 1917, the strategy was threatened in February, when the Russians admitted that they could not meet the commitment to a joint offensive, which reduced the two-front offensive to a French assault along the Aisne River. In March, the German army in the west (Westheer), withdrew to the Hindenburg line in Operation Alberich, which negated the tactical assumptions underlying the plans for the French offensive. Until French troops advanced to compensate during the Battles of Arras, they encountered no German troops in the assault sector and it became uncertain whether the offensive would go forward. The French government desperately needed a victory to avoid civil unrest but the British were wary of proceeding, in view of the rapidly changing tactical situation. In a meeting with Lloyd George, French commander-in-chief General Nivelle persuaded the British Prime Minister, that if the British launched a diversionary assault to draw German troops away from the Aisne sector, the French offensive could succeed.

Helmuth von Moltke the Younger succeeded Schlieffen in 1906 and was less certain that the French would conform to German assumptions. German strategy would need to become more opportunistic and Moltke modified German plans to make them less rigid to enable this, making the offensives of 1914 the opening moves of what was expected to be a long war with no certainty of victory. Moltke adapted the deployment and concentration plan, to accommodate an attack in the centre or an enveloping attack from both flanks, by adding divisions to the left flank opposite the French frontier, from the c. 1,700,000 men expected to be mobilised in the Westheer (western army). The main German force would still advance through Belgium and attack southwards into France and the French armies would be enveloped on the left and pressed back over the Meuse, Aisne, Somme, Oise, Marne and Seine, unable to withdraw into central France. The French would either be annihilated or the manoeuvre from the north would create conditions for victory in the centre or in Lorraine.

The French commanders were ordered by Joffre to continue the offensive on 23 August as early as possible, since his strategy depended on the success of the Third and Fourth armies. Ruffey replied in the morning that the attack could not begin until his divisions had reorganised and in the early afternoon found that the Germans had forestalled another advance, by pushing the V Corps in the centre back for 8 kilometres (5.0 mi), which led to the rest of the army falling back level. In the Fourth Army area, the 33rd Division of XVII Corps was routed and the rest of the corps had retired during the night of 22/23 August. The 5th Colonial Brigade withdrew from Neufchâteau before dawn on 23 August, exposing the right flank of XII Corps, which also fell back. By the end of 23 August, the survivors of the Third and Fourth armies were back to their jumping-off positions except for the XI and IX corps on the northern flank.