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片親疎外PASについて（３）何が書いてあるか教えて
The criteria described below are fairly easy to identify separate and apart from the court file. When there is uncertainty about any of them, these criteria can be used to guide the attorney in the deposing of witnesses as well as in their examination in court. Criteria I: Access and Contact Blocking Criteria I involves the active blocking of access or contact between the child and the absent parent. The rationale used to justify it may well take many different forms. One of the most common is that of protection. It may be argued that the absent parent's parental judgment is inferior and, therefore, the child is much worse off from the visit. In extreme cases, this will take the form of allegations of child abuse, quite often sexual abuse. This will be addressed in more detail in Criteria II, but suffice it to say that often this is heard as a reason for visitation to be suspended or even terminated. On a more subtle and common level, an argument heard for the blocking of visitation is that seeing the absent parent is "unsettling" to the child, and that they need time "to adjust." The message here is that the absent parent is treated less like a key family member and more like an annoying acquaintance that the child must see at times. Over time, this pattern can have a seriously erosive effect on the child's relationship with the absent parent. An even more subtle expression of this is that the visitation is "inconvenient," thereby relegating it to the status of an errand or chore. Again the result is the erosion of the relationship between the child and the absent or "target" parent. One phenomenon often seen in this context is that any deviation from the schedule is used as a reason to cancel visitation entirely. The common thread to all of these tactics is that one parent is superior and the other is not and, therefore, should be peripheral to the child's life. The alienating parent in these circumstances is acting inappropriately as a gatekeeper for the chi
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- 片親疎外PASについて(1)
英語がしっかり読めないです 訳を教えていただけるとありがたいです Parental Alienation Syndrome:片親疎外 How to Detect It and What to Do About It どのように発見し、どう対応するか by J. Michael Bone and Michael R. Walsh Although parental alienation syndrome (PAS) is a familiar term, there is still a great deal of confusion and unclarity about its nature, dimensions, and, therefore, its detection.(1) Its presence, however, is unmistakable. In a longitudinal study of 700 "high conflict" divorce cases followed over 12 years, it was concluded that elements of PAS are present in the vast majority of the samples.(2) Diagnosis of PAS is reserved for mental health professionals who come to the court in the form of expert witnesses. Diagnostic hallmarks usually are couched in clinical terms that remain vague and open to interpretation and, therefore. susceptible to argument pro and con by opposing experts. The phenomenon of one parent turning the child against the other parent is not a complicated concept, but historically it has been difficult to identify clearly. Consequently, cases involving PAS are heavily litigated, filled with accusations and counter accusations, and thus leave the court with an endless search for details that eventually evaporate into nothing other than rank hearsay. It is our experience that the PAS phenomenon leaves a trail that can be identified more effectively by removing the accusation hysteria, and looking ahead in another positive direction.
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- 夫婦・家族
- 英文を日本語に訳し、（）に入るものを選んでください
So, why is this story so important to Americans? First of all, the story is about the challenge and excitement of a child disobeying a parent`s command, and destroying something treasured by that parent. Moreover, this act of youthful rebellion is committed by George Washington, the "Father of His Country." In this sense, the act is a symbolic one. The child disobeying and defying his father can be seen to represent the young America breaking with the older authority of Europe and, in particular, the English King. The second reason that this story is important to Americans reflects another symbolic meaning of cutting down a tree: the act of civilizing the wilderness. On their arrival in the New York, the trees had to be cut, the great forests leveled, in order to make civilized land out of the wilderness: to clear the land for planting crops; to build cabins; to get fuel for warmth and cooking; and to make fences for protection. Thus the tree-cutting hatchet is the essential tool for ( 1 ). Lastly, while the story of George Washington describes the act of a young revolutionary, it is significant to Americans that this act is done innocently and honestly. "Run to my arms, you dearest boy," cries his father, and with this sign of love the Revolution is given the approval of the parent. In this way, the story fulfills the wish of every rebellious child: that the gesture of independence will be respected, and that the child will be able to enjoy its act of rebellion without losing ( 2 ). ・（１）に入る３語の語句を同じ段階から抜き出してください。 ・（２）に入る適切なものを選んでください。 (1)its father`s love (2)its social relationships (3)its independence (4)its pride
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- 英語
- 英文の和訳をお願いしますm(__)m
以下の５文を訳してくださいm(__)m ▼Here in this area of overlap between the playing of the child and the Playing of the other person there is a chance to introduce enrichments. ▼The teacher aims at enrichment.By contrast,the therapist is concerned specifically with the child's own growth processes,and with the removal of blocks to development that may have become evident. ▼It is psychoanalytic theory that has made for an understanding of these blocks. ▼At the same time it would be a narrow view to suppose that psychoanalysis is the only way to make therapeutic use of the child's playing. ▼It is good to remember always that playing is itself a therapy.To arrange for children to be able to play is itself a psychotherapy that has immediate and universal application,and it includes the establishment of a positive social attitude towards playing.
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- 英語
- in wichについて
お世話におなります。 英字新聞からの抜粋です。 以下についてお教えいただけないでしょうか。 The policy change means that families in which at least one parent was an only child will be allowed to have a second child. in wich のinはwhichの後にもっていくことができると理解しています。 従って、 The policy change means that families which at least one parent was in an only child will be allowed to have a second child. とinの場所を移動させましたが、これであっていますでしょうか？ 何卒宜しくお願い申し上げます。
- ベストアンサー
- 英語
- 翻訳教えて下さい。
Waiting The first and most important point in infant observation is the non-interference of the parent, usually the mother. She must refrain from initiating play or selecting which toys the child will play with. At the same time she is told to remain connected to the child and to immerse herself in his activity. As the parent empties herself of expectations, knowledge and desires in order to participate in an empathic way with her child's play, she starts feeling what he feels and merges with his emotional field. Watching In the presence of an observer, the parent watches her infant play and connects with him. When a mother speaks, what is important is not so much the content of what she says, but the subtle musical attunement to the moods and moves of the baby. The infant communicates his experience through his body, his face, his gestures, his screamings. The slightest moves on the baby's face are meaningful. The presence of the observer may allow the parent to develop awareness of her own simultaneous emotional reactions to the child's expressions and to understand her baby not through analysis, but through presence and awareness of what he does communicate of who he is and what he wants.
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- 英語
- 日本語訳を教えてください（かなり長文です）(4)
Why Chinese Mothers Are Superiorという記事です。日本語訳教えてください。お願いします。 If the child comes home with a B on the test, some Western parents will still praise the child. Other Western parents will sit their child down and express disapproval, but they will be careful not to make their child feel inadequate or insecure, and they will not call their child "stupid," "worthless" or "a disgrace." Privately, the Western parents may worry that their child does not test well or have aptitude in the subject or that there is something wrong with the curriculum and possibly the whole school. If the child's grades do not improve, they may eventually schedule a meeting with the school principal to challenge the way the subject is being taught or to call into question the teacher's credentials. If a Chinese child gets a B—which would never happen—there would first be a screaming, hair-tearing explosion. The devastated Chinese mother would then get dozens, maybe hundreds of practice tests and work through them with her child for as long as it takes to get the grade up to an A. Chinese parents demand perfect grades because they believe that their child can get them. If their child doesn't get them, the Chinese parent assumes it's because the child didn't work hard enough. That's why the solution to substandard performance is always to excoriate, punish and shame the child. The Chinese parent believes that their child will be strong enough to take the shaming and to improve from it. (And when Chinese kids do excel, there is plenty of ego-inflating parental praise lavished in the privacy of the home.) Second, Chinese parents believe that their kids owe them everything. The reason for this is a little unclear, but it's probably a combination of Confucian filial piety and the fact that the parents have sacrificed and done so much for their children.
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- 英語
- Parmenidesについての英文
Parmenides of Elea c. 510–? 440BC ‘One cannot know that which is not –that is impossible’ Little is known of Parmenides’ life and background, and fragments of a poem entitled On Nature are all that survive of his work. Nevertheless, it contains one of the first examples of reasoned argument in which, perhaps as a reaction to Heraclitus, Parmenides attempts to prove that change is impossible and that reality is singular, undivided and homogenous. In the first part of his poem, ‘The Way of Truth’, which was revealed to him, he claims, in meeting with a goddess, Parmenides distinguishes between an inquiry into what is and an inquiry into what is not. The latter, he says, is impossible. ‘One cannot know that which is not –that is impossible –nor utter it; for it is the same thing that can be thought, that is’. The essence of this somewhat cryptic argument is that in order to think of something which is not –let us say, ‘a unicorn’ for example –one must be thinking of something: there must be some idea present to the mind, presumably the idea of a unicorn. But to think of a unicorn means that the unicorn (or the idea of a unicorn) exists in the mind, and therefore it cannot be truly said that unicorns completely fail to exist. The argument turns principally on two complex issues. 冒頭の ‘One cannot know that which is not –that is impossible’ について 「人はそれが存在していないことを知ることができない。それは不可能である。」という意味ですか？thatは代名詞、whichは関係代名詞ですか？ ‘One cannot know that which is not –that is impossible –nor utter it; for it is the same thing that can be thought, that is’. について for it is the same thing that can be thought, that is’.のthat isはthat is impossibleですか？ 最後のit cannot be truly said that unicorns completely fail to exist. について fail toは、～し損なう、という意味だと思うのですが、 fail to existで、「存在し損なう」と訳すと意味が取りにくいです。ここのfail to～はどういう意味合いになるのでしょうか？ 以下次の英文が続きます。 First, exactly what is meant by ‘exists’ here? What is the difference between existing in the world and existing in the mind? This begins a controversy that will reappear throughout much of the history of philosophy in many different contexts, but most notoriously in Anselm’s ontological argument, some 1500 years later. Second, what are the connections between thoughts, words, and things? If that debate started with Parmenides, it has taxed almost every major thinker ever since, up to and including the seminal works of the twentieth century by philosophers such as Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein and W.V. Quine. よろしくお願いたします。
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- 英語
- 英文の和訳をお願いします。
以下の英文の和訳をお願いします。 Displacement is one means by which the dream does this. In the first place, it is the effect of feeling which is displaced, so that what appears to be most important and full of emotion in the dream may be really of least significance, whereas an apparently trifling matter may be pregnant with meaning. The emphasis of the dream is thus displaced and so eludes the censor.
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- 英語
- 海外でHなサイトを見ていたでのすが・・ 児童ポルノ法にあたるのでしょうか？
こんにちは 実は海外（イタリア）でHなサイト（児童ポルノとかではない）を見ていたのですが、あるリンクをクリックすると突然以下の様なページになりました。 STOP !! Your browser is trying to contact an Internet site that is used in connection with distribution of photos depicting sexual abuse of children. This is a criminal offence in accordance with the italian penal code. No information about your ip address or any other information that can be used to identify you will be stored when you this page is displayed. The purpose of blocking access to these pages is only to prevent the commission of criminal dissemination of documented sexual abuse, and to prevent the further exploitation of children who have already been abused and photographed. This is a prevention service provide from italian Internet Service Provider and the italian "National Centre for Combating On-line child pornography". 最初は気にもしていなかったのですが、 よく読んでみると児童ポルノがどうのこうのと書いてるので、 あわてて慣れない英語をよんでみたのですが、 最初の部分はイタリアの法律に従えば起訴できるみたいな事が書いて あってかなり焦ってるのですが、後半の文がいまいちよくわかりませんでした。ページを見ない事で犯罪になることを防ぐプログラムなのか、それとも性的対象となった未成年の子供たちを守るプログラムなのか。お恥ずかしい話ですがかなり心配です。 このページは警告のページなのか、それともあなたを逮捕しますよ的な ものなのでしょうか・・・？ どなたか詳しいお方、ご意見おまちしています。
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