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For all vegetation types, the amount and nutrient concentration in the standing biomass is strongly influenced by soil fertility and management practices. すべての植物タイプにとって、バイオマスにある、量、および養分濃度が、土壌肥沃度と管理業務によって強く影響を及ぼされます。 おかしい感じがするのですが、上記の和訳あっているのでしょうか？ よろしくお願いします。
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- バイオマスの和訳（長文）
以下は、土壌のバイオマスの話しです。 和訳以外にも、バイオマスについて知識が無いあたりも、余計に訳がおかしいかもしれません。 In fact, the rainforest can grow on very nutrient poor soils because it has a closed nutrient cycle and can use the available nutrients very effectively. 事実、多雨林は、栄養物非常に不十分な土壌で成長することができる。なぜなら栄養物循環をふさぎ，非常に効果的に利用可能な栄養物を使用することができるからである。 In the short term, fire is an efficient means to convert nutrients contained in the standing biomass into nutrients available to the crops that would otherwise grow only poorly. 短期で、炎は常備のバイオマスに含まれた栄養物を別の方法で単に不十分に成長する作物を利用可能な栄養物に変える効率的な手段です。 Zero-burning has a positive effect on soil properties such as pH, water retention, organic matter content, and nutrient contents according to much of the literature. 多くの文献によると、ゼロ燃焼はpHや、水貯留や、有機物含有量や、栄養物含有量などの土質に明白な効果を持っています。 This may ultimately lead to lower fertiliser application. これは結局、下側の肥料適用にもたらしているのかもしれません。 However, since the nutrients from decaying wood debris left after zero-burning are released only very slowly, the benefits may not be obvious immediately. しかしながら、燃やさない後に残っている木の残骸を腐朽からの栄養物が非常にゆっくり放つので、利益はすぐに、明白でないかもしれません。 Whereas a large part of these nutrients are lost to the atmosphere or through leaching during and after burning, whatever remains is in a mineralised form, which is immediately available. これらの栄養物の大部分は、大気に失われるか、またはこされて燃えた後であるのに，無機物形態に何でも残っていてる。そしてそれはすぐに、利用可能である． This means that a plantation after zero-burning may have higher fertiliser requirements during the early years (year 0-2), and lower fertiliser requirements and better yields later, on the other hand, have shown that slash-and-burn did not improve the soil fertility of plantations significantly, but created negative balance of elements stores in the soil.これは、ゼロ燃焼後に農園には早い時期により高い肥料要件(0-2年)、下側の肥料要件、および、より良い収穫後であるのを意味します。他方では、意味深いことに，焼き畑式、農園の地力をかなり改良しなかったことを示された。しかし、土の中の成分貯蔵の負の均衡を生み出した。 Except for a slight increase in pH through the well-known ‘ash-effect’ for several years, almost all nutrients important for crop plants decreased over time. 数年間,周知の‘灰効果'によるpHのわずかな増加を除いて、農作物の植物に、重要なほとんどすべての栄養素が時間がたつにつれて、減少しました。 In the long term, it seems that the ecological and economic sustainability of plantations can only be guaranteed if the removal of biomass is minimal and the use of fire is avoided. 長期においては、もしバイオマスは最小の移動で、炎の使用が避けられる場合、農園の生態と経済の持続性を保証だけすることができるように思えます。 以上のように訳してみたのですが 特に後半が全然わかりません。 長文ですが、よろしくお願いします。
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- 質問させていただきます。 富栄養化に関する論文で、「Regenerat
質問させていただきます。 富栄養化に関する論文で、「Regeneration within a stretch and retention by, for example, organic dams, inundation areas, vegetation structure et cetera, strongly enlarge nutrient uptake. When the proportion of nutrient uptake is known, the relation between uptake and effect on the community can be described. The variables to be known are total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total carbon present in the different biotic and abiotic compartments of the system and the uptake length of the nutrients and the turnover time.」という文章があるのですが、上手く訳すことができません。特に「turnover time」の意味が分からず困っています。 農学・環境に知識のある方、よろしければ全訳をお願い致します。
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- 和訳をお願いします。
ネットを見てたら気になる英語のサイトを見つけたのですが、英語が全くわからず訳すに訳せず、翻訳サイトを使ってもしっくりこないものとなってしまうのでどなたか和訳をお願いします。 Food faddism is as an exaggerated belief in the impact of food and nutrition on health and disease. Food faddists insist that food and nutrition are more significant than science has established. Such thinking frequently leads people to overestimate the beneficial effects of some foods (e.g., whole grains such as unpolished rice) and condemn others (e.g., refined sugars, flour and grains such as polished rice). Apprehension about particular foods or food components or about food manufacturing processes has led many people to adapt unorthodox food practices and to seek nonconventional approaches to nutrition. Many sensible, sincere people are also motivated to seek alternative food styles for ecological reasons. They are worried about environmental pollution through the use of agricultural chemicals and have turned to“organic” and other types of“health” foods. People have been led to believe that food grown without the use of pesticides or artificial fertilizers but with the application to the soil of natural fertilizers and other organic matters are more nourishing and less hazardous. They put an absolute faith in“organic” food and, as a corollary, ask for provision of evidence of absolute safety, an unrealistic and unattainable goal, with the application of new technologies such as genetic engineering to food production. When scientists discover that some component in a conventional food staff can be the risk factor for some life-style related disease, many people lose their faith in conventional nutrition and adopt approaches with the emphasis on new materials. Heightened health awareness caused by increase in information transfer, mainly through the mass media, has created expectations that at present exceed the ability of science to deliver. So-called health hustlers with application of pseudoscience take advantage of this situation. They promote tailor-made products and systems, which they insist, help one to resist disease, improve overall health or slow the aging process
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- 英字新聞翻訳 添削のお願い その１
英字新聞を翻訳しました。 どなたか添削をお願いします。 (4)や(6)など、どのように訳そうか悩みました。 https://www.yahoo.com/news/m/0e0631f5-6ea0-3c10-89dc-eebfbbcdfde1/how-carnivorous-plants.html (1) How carnivorous plants developed their taste for prey いかにして食虫植物は好みの肉食性を開発したか (2) A new study sheds a bit more light on the unusual, and a bit bizarre, species of carnivorous plants that trap and kill food, instead of drawing their nutrition from sunlight and soil. 新たな研究は、かなり、見慣れない、風変わりな、大地及び太陽光からの栄養補給の代わりに食物を捕らえ、殺す食虫植物種をほんの少し解明する。 → 新たな研究により、普通の植物と異なり土からの養分と光合成の代わりに食物を 捕らえ養分としている食虫植物が少し解明された。 (3) A large team of researchers from several institutions in Asia, Australia, Europe and North America have found that carnivorous plant species on different continents all became meat eaters through similar sets of genetic changes. アジア、オーストラリア、ヨーロッパ及び北アメリカのいくつかの公共機関からの大規模な研究チームは、異なる大陸の食虫植物種は全て、似ている遺伝子変化のセットを通じて肉食性になったことを見出した。 (4) Like most carnivorous plants, pitcher plants tend to live in nutrient-poor environments, the authors noted in their study. 「食虫植物の多くがそうであるように、筒状の葉を持つ食虫植物は栄養の乏しい環境に生きている傾向にある」と著者らは彼らの研究で言及している。 (5) So they catch and digest arthropods (such as insects, spiders, centipedes or similar creatures), or even small animals such as amphibians. 彼らは（食虫植物は）節足動物（昆虫、クモ、ムカデあるいは類似した生物）あるいは両性類のような小動物を捕獲し、消化する (6) Pitcher plants take their name from the "pitchers" or cups of fluid that line their limbs. 水差しあるいはカップの流体（液体）に因んで、それらの名前をピチャープラント（囊状葉植物：筒状の葉をもつ植物）と呼ぶ。 (7) The pitchers have slippery inner walls with a pool of digestive fluids sitting at the bottom of the cup. そのピチャー（筒状の葉）は、消化を助ける流体(液体)のプールを持った滑りやすい内壁を有する。 → 筒状の葉は、滑りやすい内壁とそこに消化を助ける液体だまりがある。
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- 【和訳】和訳をお願いします。
国連の世界貿易レポートを読んでいるのですが、イマイチ理解できません。 大変長い文章ですが、和訳していただけませんでしょうか。 どうかよろしくお願いします。 As noted above, GVC participation – or the role that individual countries play in international production networks – is driven by many different factors, from size of the economy to industrial structure and level of industrialization, composition of exports and positioning in value chains, policy elements, and others. As a result, countries with very different characteristics may be very similar in the ranking of GVC participation (figure IV.9). The GVC participation of many countries relates substantially to GVC interactions within their respective regions. Instead of a global reach, most value chains have a distinctive regional character, as shown in figure IV.10. North and Central American value chain links are especially strong, as are intra- European Union ones. The largest extraregional bilateral GVC flows are between Germany and the United States, China and Germany, and Japan and the United States, in that order. The share of global value added trade captured by developing economies is increasing rapidly. It grew from about 20 per cent in 1990, to 30 per cent in 2000, to over 40 per cent in 2010. As a group, developing and transition economies are capturing an increasing share of the global value added trade pie (figure IV.11). As global trade grows, developed economies appear to rely increasingly on imported content for their exports, allowing developing countries to add disproportionately to their domestic value added in exports. Some of the larger emerging markets, such as India, Brazil, Argentina and Turkey, have relatively low GVC participation rates. These countries may have lower upstream participation levels, both because of the nature of their exports (natural resources and services exports tend to have less need for imported content or foreign value added) and because larger economies display a greater degree of self-sufficiency in production for exports. They may also have lower downstream participation levels because of a focus on exports of so-called final-demand goods and services, i.e. those not used as intermediates in exports to third countries. Investment and trade are inextricably intertwined. Much of trade in natural resources is driven by large cross-border investments in extractive industries by globally operating TNCs. Market-seeking foreign direct investment (FDI) by TNCs also generates trade, often shifting arm’slength trade to intra-firm trade. Efficiency-seeking FDI, through which firms seek to locate discrete parts of their production processes in low-cost locations, is particularly associated with GVCs; it increases the amount of trade taking place within the international production networks of TNCs and contributes to the “double counting” in global trade flows discussed in this report.
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- 【和訳】和訳をお願いできませんでしょうか。
国連の世界貿易レポートを読んでいるのですが、イマイチ理解できません。 大変長い文章ですが、和訳していただけませんでしょうか。 どうかよろしくお願いします。 Thus, while developing countries (25 per cent) have a lower share of foreign value added than the world average (28 per cent), their foreign value added share is significantly higher than in the United States and Japan – or than in the EU, if only external trade is taken into account. Among developing economies, the highest shares of foreign value added in trade are found in East and South-East Asia and in Central America (including Mexico), where processing industries account for a significant part of exports. Foreign value added in exports is much lower in Africa, West Asia, South America and in the transition economies, where natural resources and commodities exports with little foreign inputs tend to play an important role. The lowest share of foreign value added in exports is found in South Asia, mainly due to the weight of services exports, which also use relatively fewer foreign inputs. The average foreign value added share of exports and the degree of double counting in global exports of an industry provide a rough indication of the extent to which industries rely on internationally integrated production networks, as it proxies the extent to which intermediate goods and services cross borders until final consumption of the industry’s output. Clearly, GVCs do not equate with industries. A value chain for a given product may incorporate value added produced by many different industries (e.g. manufactured products incorporate value added from services industries). The global average shares by industry of foreign value added ignore the fact that each industry may be part of and contribute to many different value chains. The value and share of developing-country exports that depend on GVCs, because of either upstream links (foreign value added in exports) or downstream links (exports that are incorporated in other products and re-exported) is quite significant (figure IV.8). East and South-East Asia remains the region with the highest level of GVC participation, reflecting its primacy as the most important region for exportoriented manufacturing and processing activities. Central America (including Mexico) also has a high participation rate, but whereas it ranked equal with South-East Asia in terms of foreign value added in exports, it has a lower downstream participation rate, reflecting the fact that it exports relatively more to the United States domestic market rather than for onward exports.
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- 和訳がうまくできません。教えて（和訳して）下さい
和訳がうまくできません。教えて（和訳して）下さい Your hospitality was over and beyond what anyone would expect more so since this was my first time meeting you. Please think about coming out to visit us in California.
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- 英文の和訳で困っています 和訳を助けてください
英文の和訳で困っています 和訳を教えていただきたいです よろしくお願いします！！ In naming the order he founded, Francis deliberately chose a word commonly used in his day to refer to the lower strata of society: Minores (or Friars Minor, Minorites), which carried pejorative connotations of dependency and legal incapacity. The impoverishment of the mendicant friar extended even to the loss of his name: Franciscans and Dominicans both used the names of their heavenly patrons and were identifiable only by the additional mention of their native towns. The friar lost himself in the anonymous crowd of the poor.
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- 英文の和訳で困っています 和訳を助けてください
英文の和訳で困っています 和訳を教えていただきたいです よろしくお願いします！！ To insure that his friars would be even more available (one is tempted to write: even more malleable), Francis would have preferred not to found an order at all. Saint Dominic had a quite different conception of hierarchical institutions, whose rigid framework he thought left a good deal of room for maneuver.
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- 英文の和訳で困っています 和訳を教えてください
英文の和訳で困っています 和訳を教えていただきたいですよろしくお願いします！！ The FDJ was founded on 7 March 1946 and systematically built up under the leadership of the later SED general secretary, Erich Honecker, as a youth organization allegedly ‘above party affiliation’. Honecker, a roofer born at Wiebelskirchen in the Saarland, had survived to be liberated by the Red Army on 27 April 1945. In May he joined the ‘Ulbricht Group’ and as youth secretary of the CC of the KPD built up the ‘Antifa’ youth committees, which led to the founding of the FDJ in 1946. According to official statistics, approximately 70 per cent of young people between 14 and 25 in the GDR were members of the FDJ. The proportion of school pupils and students was particularly high. The officials of the FDJ were often at the same time members of the SED.
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ありがとう御座います。 綺麗に和訳してくださったので、助かりました。