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Homosexuals and the Evolution of the Word 'Queer'
- The Evolution of 'Queer': How Homosexuals Reclaimed the Word
- From Insult to Identity: The Transformation of 'Queer'
- The Changing Perception of 'Queer' and the Acceptance of Homosexuality
- 阿部 結唯（@iwano_aoi）
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- 英文と和訳があります。日本語訳は正しいでしょうか？
Nevertheless, the discussion taking place in Japanese society about this term is healthy. People are beginning to question old stereotypes. A similar thing happened in the United States a generation ago. At that time there was much discrimination againgst homosexulas, and the negative term "queer" was used to describe them.Nevertheless, the discussion taking place in Japanese society about this term is healthy. People are beginning to question old stereotypes. A similar thing happened in the United States a generation ago. At that time there was much discrimination againgst homosexulas, and the negative term "queer" was used to describe them. 和訳 ですが、この用語に関して日本社会で繰り広げられている議論は真っ当なものです。人々は古い固定観念に疑問を感じ始めています。同様のことは一昔前のアメリカでも起こりました。当時同性愛者に対する多くの差別があり、そうした人達を表すのに「変わり者」という侮蔑的言い方が使われたのです。そして奇妙なことが起りました。同性愛者が互いを表すのにその言い方を使い始めたのです。突然「変わり者」という言葉はその侮蔑的なニュアンスを失いました。「クィア」はもはや悪いことを指すものではなくなったのです。同性愛者はいまだアメリカ社会に完全に受け入れられてはいませんが、現在では昔よりもはるかに平等に扱われています。 "queer" という英単語の意味がよく分かりません。
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日本語訳してください＞＜ おねがいします What is a hero? Is it a politician who makes great speeches, but who often creates or maintains better conditions mostly for himself and those in his class of people? Is it an actor who demands huge amounts of money for every film he appears in? Is it a baseball star who says that he will quit if he is not given a higher salary? It is hard to find a hero among the famous these days. On the other hand, people enjoy hearing about somebody who makes a sacrifice for another person, often risking danger. When these heroes ask for nothing in return, it makes us admire them all the more. This would seem to describe the many acts of heroism perfomed not by people, but by dogs. Taffy was an ordinary cocker spaniel. One winter day, the dog followed three-year-old Stevie Wilson around the yard. Stevie's father was nearby, working on some horses. Suddenly, Taffy ran up to Wilson, barking. When Mr. Wilson ignored Taffy, the dog bit his horse's leg. This got Wilson's sttention. He then noticed that Taffy would run five meters, stop, and stare at him. The dog wanted to tell the man something! Taffy would led Wilson to a small pond near the Wilson home. Wilson saw a hole in the ice on the pond, and a jacket floating on top. He quickly jumped into the water and saved his son from drowning, just in time. Taffy had saved a life. Zorro, a German shepherd, showed us why we use the words "man's best friend" for dogs. Zorro and his owner went for a hike in a national park. After his owner fell 30 meters from a hiking path into a pool of water and lost consciousness, Zorro raced to the water and pulled his owner out. Then Zorro lay on top of his master all night to keep him warm. Even after the man was discovered by rescue workers the next day and taken to a hospital, where he recovered, Zorro stayed in the park to watch his master's backpack. Grizzly Bear was probably the bravest of the three, a bog Saint Bernard owned by the Gratias family. One day, Mrs. Gratias saw a baby bear in her backyard. Immendiately, she worried about her little daughter and ran toward the house. When she turned the corner, unfortunately, the mother bear was there. The bear knocked Gratias to the ground, biting her and hitting her repeatedly. Gratias would have surely been killed, but Grizzly Bear suddenly appeared and began fighting the much larger animal. The real bear could not catch the quick dog, who attacked the bear from the back and then ran around it in circles. Eventually, the tired bear and her cub returned to the woods. Grizzly Bear had saved his owner from certain death. Dog are not only loyal pets, but they save lives. They prove time and again that they are heroes. They do not seem to fear dangerous conditions; in return, all they ask for is a pet on the head. This would seem to define a hero.
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お願いします (1) It was 493 BCE, and Rome's wealthy landowners were in a panic. They had held the reins of government of the new Republic while the workers (also called plebeians─or plebs, for short) farmed the land. The workers claimed that the rich were useless─that they did nothing except wait for the hardworking poor to feed and serve them. The landowners ignored these complaints at first. (2) But the plebeians began to abandon their plows and move into the city. There they became craftsmen, traders, and hired workers. As city folk, they no longer had to depend completely upon the landowners for survival. Now they were free to complain and demand greater equality between rich and poor. Justice, they believed, should be the same for everyone. And so they took action. They left the city in huge number and went to the Sacred Mount, a hilltop several Miles northeast of Rome. This got the landowners' attention! (3) Suddenly, the fear of war loomed large. What if an enemy attacked Rome? The landowners, also called patricians, could provide the generals to lead an army. But what good is a general with no men to command, no soldiers to fight? What’s more: with the workers gone, who would make sandals, weave cloth, tend chickens, and sell fish? Who would run the roadside inns, bake bread, drive mules, load wagons, and dye cloth for beautiful clothes? Rome couldn't survive without the work of ordinary citizens, and the aristocrats knew it. (4) The historian Livy tells how Rome's leaders solved the crisis of the workers' walkout. They sent Agrippa Menenius, a smooth talker who was popular with the people, to the Sacred Mount to talk to the rebels. Menenius told them a story about an imaginary time when each body part had its own ideas and could talk to one another. But the body parts didn't always agree and sometimes refused to work together. For example, the hands of this strange body sometimes argued with the feet, and the mouth sometimes disagreed with the teeth.
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- 英文と日本語訳があります。和訳は正しいですか？
Questions expressing interest Americans also use questions as a way of expressing their interst and appreciation, especially when meeting someone for the first time, or when being shown around a new place. Since these are not questions requesting information, they usually do not expect accurate or complete answers. Nor are these questions to be taken as a request for action. 和訳 興味を表現する質問 アメリカ人は彼らの興味や見る目を表現する手段として質問する、特に最初に面談する時、新しい場所を案内される時。これらは情報を求める質問ではないので、通常、正確或いは完璧な回答は期待されない。何か行動を求めるものとして受け取られるものでもない。
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- 英文と日本語訳があります。和訳は正しいですか？
If an American hesitates to ask detailed personal questions-wishing to remain polite, American-style -they in turn may feel they are not getting necessary information from the Japanese person they are talking to. They may even feel that the Japanese person is evading disclosing information about himself. Aericans may ask general questions such as "Well, what about yourself?" in order to encourage the other person to talk. Most Japaense, however, would not comprehend that this is an invitation to start talking about themselves, while taking care to divulge only information that they feel is appropriate. 日本語訳 細かい個人的な質問をするのをためらうアメリカ人がいたとしても，そのためらいは，質問内容を当たり障りのない形だけのものにとどめようとするアメリカ式のためらいである。ためらいに引き続いて，そのアメリカ人は，話し相手の日本人からは必要な情報をもらっていないぞという思いでいるのかも知れないし，また，その日本人が自分の情報開示をのらりくらりと避けているようにさえ思えているのかも知れない。アメリカ人なら「で，君自身は，どうなんだい？」などと一般的な質問を投げかけることがある。これには，肩の力を抜いて喋ることを勧める狙いもある。しかしながら，大抵の日本人には，これが通じない。この政府が実は，支障がないと思える範囲で自分の話をしてはどうかとの誘い水であることを，理解しようとしないのである。
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- 英文と日本語訳があります。和訳は適切でしょうか？
This would allow women to stay at their jobs after giving birth. Another idea is to give a bonus to parents for each baby they have. Yet another idea is to give further tax breaks to parents for each child or to further subsidize education costs. 和訳 これにより、子供が生まれた後も女性が働き続けることが可能になります。もう一つのアイデアは、子供1人につき両親に特別手当を与えることです。さらに別のアイデアとして子供1人につき親にさらなる減税措置を許すか今よりももっと教育費を助成するというものもあります。
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- 英文と日本語訳があります。和訳は適切でしょうか？
For a couple of generations after World War II, one of the images that Japan presented to the world was of a nation where everyone was a member of the middle class. Another common image was that most companies offered lifetime employment. Although these two images were not so realistic, there was some relative truth. Compared to most countries, the gap between rich and poor in Japan was actually quite small, and many companies and the government did offer jobs for life. 和訳 第二次世界大戦後の数世代にとって、日本が世界に示したイメージのひとつは、総中流化の国というものでした。もう一つの一般的イメージはほとんどの会社が終身雇用というものです。こうした二つのイメージはとても現実的とは言えませんでしたが、いくつか相対的真理もありました。多くの国と比較すると日本におけるお金持ちと貧しい人との差は実のところとても小さく、多くの会社や政府では終身雇用の仕事を提供したのです。
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- 英文と日本語訳があります。和訳は適切ですか？
“Kenichi” is a day worker. Often, he is called on his mobile phone by his temp agency the day before a job and told to arrive at a certain train station early in the morning. There, a bus picks him up along with other temporary workers. The bus drops him at a job site and he works until 6 p.m. Sometimes the job is in a warehouse. Sometimes it is construction work. Whatever the job, it is usually either very tiring or very boring. At the end of the day, his wage is usually then 10,000 yen. A couple of thousand yen of this will disappear on his transportation expenses and lunch. After renting a very cheap room and paying other expenses, Kenichi has very little savings. Therefore, marriage and a family are quite unrealistic dreams. Although the name “Kenichi” is used here, about one-third of Japan’s working poor are foreigners. 和訳 ケンイチは、日雇い労働者です。しばしば、彼はその前日、臨時職員斡旋所（エージェント）によって、彼の携帯電話に「仕事だ」と、朝早く、特定の駅に来るように告げられます。 そこで、バスは他の派遣労働者と一緒に彼を乗せていきます。 バスは彼を仕事の現場で降ろします、そして、時に倉庫での仕事があり、午後6時まで彼は働きます。 時には、建設工事現場で働きます。 仕事がどうであれ、それは通常、非常に疲れるか、非常に退屈です。 一日の労働が終わり、彼の賃金は、通常10,000円程度です。 そのうち2000円は、彼の輸送費用と昼食の費用で消えます。 とても安い部屋を借りていても、他の費用を払った後に、ケンイチはごくわずかな金額しか残りません。 したがって、結婚とか家族を持つことは、彼には全く非現実的な夢です。 ケンイチという名前をここでは使いましたが、日本のワーキングプアのおよそ3分の1は外国人です。
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- 英文とその日本語訳があります。和訳は適切ですか？
The traditional picture of Ieyasu is one of a crafty and grasping old man, and Japanese children are probably still told that ‘’Ieyasu ate the pie Nobunaga made and Hideyoshi baked.’’ Ambition never led him astray, however. On the contrary, self-control and a truly marvelous patience stamped his character from childhood. He was also lucky, in surviving so many battles in the first half on his life, and in that his health, of which he took scrupulous care, allowed him to outlive his great contemporaries by a useful margin of twenty or thirty years. 和訳 家康は昔から狡猾で貪欲な老人だと思われてきたし、日本人の子どもは今でも「信長が作って秀吉が焼いたパイを家康が食べた。」と教わっているだろう。しかし、実際には彼は野心により道を外れることなど決してなかった。むしろ、彼は子どもの頃から自制心や真に素晴らしい忍耐を身につけていたのだ。彼が健康に気を遣い、同時代の偉大なライバルたちよりも２０年～３０年長生きしたので、その年月を有効に使えた事も幸運だった。
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- 英文と和訳があります。日本語訳は正しいですか？
Ieyasu was always simple and frugal in his own habits, his only entertainment being hawking. He was notoriously careful with money, and there is a story that when he accidentally discovered that his ladies-in-waiting did not eat many vegetables if they were well salted, he promptly instructed his cook to make their dishes as salty as possible. Yet, as the years drew on, the retired shogun wished to establish a reputation for benevolence, although this attitude did not extend to Hideyori. If benevolence means a good natured regard for people in general, despite a lack of strong ties with particular individuals, a willingness to see other points of view, and a desire to work with others and not against them, then Ieyasu was benevolent. During his last few weeks on earth the old man completed long-standing arrangements to have himself deified, perhaps hoping to continue even after death the ‘’watching brief’’ he had come to exercise during life. If he does indeed live on as some sort of kindly, protective spirit among the cool huge cedars and clear mountain streams of his shrine at Nikko he will have had the reward of seeing his descendants preside for centuries over a peaceful and generally prosperous society, and the further satisfaction of knowing that the end of Tokugawa greatness was not altogether unworthy of its beginnings. 和訳 家康は自身の習慣として常に質素倹約だった。彼の唯一の楽しみは鷹狩りをすることだった。彼は悪名が知れ渡るほどの倹約家であり、御殿女中達がよく塩漬けされた野菜をあまり食べないのを偶然発見すると、即座に自分の料理番に彼女らの料理をできうる限り塩辛くするよう指示したという逸話もある。しかし、人生の終わりに近づくにつれ隠居した将軍は仁愛という評判を確立したかった。この態度は秀頼には示されなかったが。仁愛が特定の個人との強いつながりがないにもかかわらず、概して人に対して温厚で敬意を払うことであり、進んで他人の考え方を理解しようという気持であり、他人と協力しぶつからないという欲求を意味するのであれば、家康は仁愛が深かった。恐らくは存命中に行使していた「監視の指示」を死後ですらし続けることを望みながら、地上にいる最後の数週間の間にこの老人は自分自身を神格化する長年のお膳立てを完成した。もし彼が日光の御宮の素晴らしい巨大杉と清流に囲まれて、何かしらの慈悲深い守護霊として確かに生き続けるならば、自分の末裔たちが何世紀にもわたり平和で総じて豊かな社会を総括しているのを見ると言う褒美を遣わされ、徳川がなしえたことの終焉がまったくもってその始まりに比べると取るに足りないことと知って更なる満足を得るであろう。
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