公共性の例と利益とコストのバランス

このQ&Aのポイント
  • ミクロ経済の小問題について、公共性の例や価格上昇の影響、市民の利益とコストのバランスについてまとめました。
  • 公共性の特性から選択した例や価格上昇による利益とコストの変化、そして環境への影響について考えました。
  • 市民の利益を最大化するために、コストと利益のバランスを考慮して政府が決定するべき船着き場の数を求めました。
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ミクロ経済 小問題

1. Which of these is the best example of a public good? A) A nursery school B) City busses C) Traffic signs D) Parking lots E) A zoo Public goods 公共性の特性であるNonrivalryとNonexcludability から C) Traffic signs を選択しました。 nursery school やparking lotsも迷っています。 2. If the market price of a good rises a) Both the producer surplus and consumer surplus will fall b) The producer surplus will fall and the consumer surplus will rise c) Both the producer surplus and consumer surplus will rise d) The producer surplus will rise and the consumer surplus will fall 価格の良い上昇と直訳し、過剰な部分は減ると考え a) Both the producer surplus and consumer surplus will fallを選択しました。 3) One consumer plants a garden in front of her house. This would create a) a quasi-public good b) a public good c) a negative externality d) excludability e) a positive externality private goods の特性である RivalryとExcudabilityから d) excludabilityにしました。 4) The government is deciding to build a new loading dock at the city port. The more berths that are available the more ships can load and unload merchandise and the more income and jobs will be generated for the citizens. Given this table of costs and benefits, determine how many loading berths the government should create. __berths____Total cost____Total benefit a)__1________50,000________100,000 b)__2________90,000________195,000 c)__3________140,000_______285,000 d)__4________200,000_______365,000 e)__5________275,000_______435,000 f)__6________365,000_______495,000 d)__4________200,000_______365,000を選択しました。コスト分を差し引いた利益が多いからです。 5) The government has determined that planting pine trees is good for the environment. The government could encourage the planting of pine trees by a)planting more pine trees on government land b) subsidizing consumers c) subsidizing producers d) requiring that firms plant pine trees on their own land e) all of the above b) subsidizing consumers 迷ってますが、助成されたproducersとの事で選択しました。 6) If the government fined paper firms that pollute streams, this would a) shift the supply of paper to the left b) shift the supply of paper to the right c) shift the demand for paper to the left d) shift the demand for paper to the right 公害を発生させた為、その紙の要求は減るという考えでc) shift the demand for paper to the leftにしました。何卒 ご教授ください。

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  • ddeana
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回答No.2

1. Once a public good is provided to some consumers, it is very difficult to prevent others from consuming it. From this point of view, (c) is the correct answer. 2.If the market price of a good rises, the consumer surplus decreases and the producer surplus increases→the correct answer is (d). Please remember the supply and demand curve graph as below and think what happens in both consumer and producer surplus area if P1 moves up. http://tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/a2-micro-consumer-producer-surplus.html 3. When One consumer plants a garden in front of her house, he or she may provide benefits to others living in the area, and even financial benefits in the form of increased property values for all property owners. So this is an example as a positive externality→the correct answer is (d). 5. If I were a member of the government, I would subsidize the producer to increase the supply of trees. 6.Remember that the pollution is negative externality, which may add an external cost to the firm's supply curve. Then supply curve shifts to the left→the correct answer is (a). 英語で学んでいらっしゃるようなので、英語で答えてみましたが・・おわかりになれば幸いです。

その他の回答 (2)

回答No.3

解答NO1です。 ところで、英語で経済学を勉強しているようですが、日本語で経済学を勉強したことはあるのでしょうか?質問のコメントをながめていると、かならずしもそうでもないように見受けられます。回答NO1で示唆しておきましたが、public goodsは公共性ではなく、「公共財」であるし、surplusは「過剰な部分」ではなく、「余剰」で、consumer (producer) surplusは「消費者(生産者)余剰」です。また、demand for the paperは「その紙の要求」ではなく、「紙にたいする需要」です。日本語のミクロの教科書をきちんと、勉強されることをお薦めします。

ikekazu
質問者

お礼

全て御指摘のある通りです。自分のわがままと身の程知らずが原因です。周囲の方々の汗みず流された多額の支援を無駄にしないためにも残り4~5問題を最後に、今一度、日本語での勉強から再出発します。すいません。

回答No.1

#1と#2で、public goods、the market price of a good risesとありますが、このgoodsとか、 a goodは名詞で、「財」という意味です。イチローグッズというのを御存じでしょう。あのグッズですよ。前者は「公共財」で、後者は「財の市場価格が上昇する」という意味。財の価格が上昇したら、消費者余剰(consumer surplus)と生産者余剰(producer surplus)はどうなりますか?基本的なことですから、ミクロの教科書を復習してから回答してください。 #3は、externality(外部性)の問題、正の外部性あるいは外部経済、負の外部性あるいは外部不経済とは何かを復習してください。 #4で、subsidizing consumers(producers)とは消費者(生産者)に補助金を与えることです。 #6では、製紙業者に罰金を課したら、製紙業者の供給曲線がどうなるかを考えてください。紙にたいする需要というのは、紙の需要曲線のことで、紙の需要曲線はこの「罰金」によってシフトすることはありません! あなたの、#2、3、4、6の答えはどれも正しくありません!

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