The Battlecruiser Battle at the Dogger Bank

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  • The Battlecruiser Battle at the Dogger Bank was a naval engagement between the British and German forces during World War I.
  • The battle took place on January 24, 1915, in the North Sea.
  • The British battlecruisers, led by Admiral Beatty, encountered the German squadron, led by Admiral Hipper, and engaged in a high-speed chase and intense gun battle.
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The battlecruisers were organised in the 1st Battlecruiser Squadron (Beatty) with the Lion (flagship), Tiger and Princess Royal. The new 2nd Battlecruiser Squadron (Rear-Admiral Sir Archibald Moore, deputy to Beatty) had the New Zealand as flagship and Indomitable. Harwich Force (Commodore Reginald Tyrwhitt) sailed from Harwich with three light cruisers and 35 destroyers, to rendezvous with the battlecruisers at 07:00 on 24 January. To cover the East Coast and act as distant support, the 3rd Cruiser Squadron and the seven pre-dreadnoughts of the 3rd Battle Squadron (Admiral Edward Eden Bradford) sailed from Rosyth for an area in the North Sea, from which they could cut off the German force if it moved north. The Grand Fleet left Scapa at 21:00 on 23 January, to sweep the southern North Sea but could not be expected to arrive on the scene until the afternoon of 24 January. Soon after the German force sailed, the 1st Light Cruiser Squadron (Commodore William Goodenough) and the battlecruisers departed Rosyth, heading south; at 07:05 on 24 January, a clear day with good visibility, they encountered German screening vessels at the Dogger Bank. Sighting the smoke from a large approaching force, Hipper headed south-east by 07:35 to escape but the battlecruisers were faster than the German squadron, which was held back by the slower armoured cruiser Blücher and the coal-fuelled torpedo boats. By 08:00, the German battlecruisers had been sighted from Lion but the older battlecruisers of the British 2nd Battlecruiser Squadron were lagging behind the 1st Battlecruiser Squadron. Chasing the Germans from a position astern and to starboard, the British ships gradually caught up—some reaching a speed of 27 kn (50 km/h; 31 mph)—and closed to gun range. Beatty chose to approach from this direction so that the prevailing wind blew the British ships' smoke clear, allowing them a good view of the German ships, while German gunners were partially blinded by their funnel and gun smoke blowing towards the British ships. Lion opened fire at 08:52, at a range of 20,000 yd (11 mi; 18 km) and the other British ships commenced firing as they came within range, while the Germans were unable to reply until 09:11, because of the shorter range of their guns. No warships had engaged at such long ranges or at such high speeds before and accurate gunnery for both sides was an unprecedented challenge but after a few salvos, British shells straddled Blücher.

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＞The battlecruisers were organised in the 1st Battlecruiser Squadron (Beatty) with the Lion (flagship), Tiger and Princess Royal. The new 2nd Battlecruiser Squadron (Rear-Admiral Sir Archibald Moore, deputy to Beatty) had the New Zealand as flagship and Indomitable. Harwich Force (Commodore Reginald Tyrwhitt) sailed from Harwich with three light cruisers and 35 destroyers, to rendezvous with the battlecruisers at 07:00 on 24 January. ⇒巡洋戦艦は、ライオン号（旗艦）、タイガー号、プリンセスロイヤル号をもって、第1巡洋戦艦隊（ビーティ）に編入された。新しい第2巡洋戦艦隊（ビーティの補佐官、アーチボルド・ムーア卿副提督）は、旗艦としてのニュージーランド号とインドミタブル号を擁していた。ハーウィッチ軍団（艦隊司令官レジナルド・ティルウィット准将）が3隻の軽巡洋艦と35隻の駆逐艦を伴ってハーウィッチから出航し、1月24日07時に巡洋艦隊と合流した。 ＞To cover the East Coast and act as distant support, the 3rd Cruiser Squadron and the seven pre-dreadnoughts of the 3rd Battle Squadron (Admiral Edward Eden Bradford) sailed from Rosyth for an area in the North Sea, from which they could cut off the German force if it moved north. The Grand Fleet left Scapa at 21:00 on 23 January, to sweep the southern North Sea but could not be expected to arrive on the scene until the afternoon of 24 January. ⇒東海岸を擁護し、遠方の支援隊として機能するために、第3巡洋艦隊と第3戦隊の7隻の前弩級戦艦（エドワード・エデン・ブラッドフォード提督）は、北海の一海域に向けてロスィスから出航した。ドイツ軍が北に移動した場合そこから阻止できるだろうからであった。大艦隊は、北海南部を掃海するために1月23日21時にスカパを出たが、1月24日の午後まで現場に到着することは期待できなかった。 ＞Soon after the German force sailed, the 1st Light Cruiser Squadron (Commodore William Goodenough) and the battlecruisers departed Rosyth, heading south; at 07:05 on 24 January, a clear day with good visibility, they encountered German screening vessels at the Dogger Bank. Sighting the smoke from a large approaching force, Hipper headed south-east by 07:35 to escape but the battlecruisers were faster than the German squadron, which was held back by the slower armoured cruiser Blücher and the coal-fuelled torpedo boats. ⇒ドイツ軍団が出航するとすぐに、第1軽巡洋艦隊（艦隊司令官ウィリアム・グッディノー准将）と巡洋戦艦はロスィスを発って南に向かった。1月24日7時5分、晴れた視界の良い日、彼らはドッガー・バンクでドイツ軍の保護編隊船団に遭遇した。大規模な接近軍団からの煙を目撃したヒッペルは、逃げるために07時35分ごろ南東に向かったが、巡洋艦はドイツ軍戦隊よりも速く、低速の装甲巡洋艦ブリュッヒャー号と石炭を燃料とする魚雷艇が（ドイツ軍戦隊の）足手まといになった。 ＞By 08:00, the German battlecruisers had been sighted from Lion but the older battlecruisers of the British 2nd Battlecruiser Squadron were lagging behind the 1st Battlecruiser Squadron. Chasing the Germans from a position astern and to starboard, the British ships gradually caught up—some reaching a speed of 27 kn (50 km/h; 31 mph)—and closed to gun range. Beatty chose to approach from this direction so that the prevailing wind blew the British ships' smoke clear, allowing them a good view of the German ships, while German gunners were partially blinded by their funnel and gun smoke blowing towards the British ships. ⇒08時までに、ドイツ軍巡洋戦艦はライオン号から目撃されていたが、英国軍第2巡洋戦艦隊の古い巡洋戦艦は第1巡洋戦艦隊に遅れをとっていた。ドイツ軍を船尾から右舷目がけて追跡して英国艦船は徐々に追いついた。数隻は速度27ノット（時速50キロ; 31マイル）に達し、射程に近づいた。ビーティは、具合よく吹く風に英国艦の煙を吹き飛ばさせて、ドイツ軍艦船を良好な視界に確保できるよう、この方向から接近することを選択した。 ＞Lion opened fire at 08:52, at a range of 20,000 yd (11 mi; 18 km) and the other British ships commenced firing as they came within range, while the Germans were unable to reply until 09:11, because of the shorter range of their guns. No warships had engaged at such long ranges or at such high speeds before and accurate gunnery for both sides was an unprecedented challenge but after a few salvos, British shells straddled Blücher. ⇒ライオン号は08時52分に20,000ヤード（11マイル; 18キロ）の射程で発砲し始めたが、他の英国軍船艦は彼らが射程内に入ってから発砲を開始した。しかし、ドイツ軍は艦砲の射程が短いために09時11分まで応答できなかった。このような長距離や高速で戦艦同士が交戦したことはなかったし、両軍の正確な砲撃は前例のない挑戦であったが、数発の砲撃の後、英国軍の砲弾がブリュッヒャー号を掠めた。

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  • 日本語訳をお願いいたします。

    At 11:02, realising that so sharp a turn would open the range too much, Beatty ordered "Course NE" to limit the turn to 45° and then added "Engage the enemy's rear", to clarify his intent that the other ships, which had now left Lion far behind, should pursue the main German force. With Lion′s electric generators out of action, Beatty could only signal using flag hoists and both signals were flown at the same time. The combination of the signal "Course NE"—which happened to be the direction of Blücher—and the signal to engage the rear was misunderstood by Beatty's second-in-command, Rear-Admiral Gordon Moore on New Zealand, as an order for all the battlecruisers to finish off Blücher. The British battlecruisers broke off the pursuit of the German squadron and attacked Blücher, with most of the British light cruisers and destroyers joining in. Beatty tried to correct this obvious misunderstanding by using the order from Horatio Nelson at the Battle of Trafalgar "Engage the enemy more closely" but this order was not in the signal book and Beatty chose "Keep nearer to the enemy" as the closest equivalent. By the time this signal was hoisted, Moore's ships were too far away to read Beatty's flags and the correction was not received. Despite the overwhelming odds, Blücher put the British destroyer HMS Meteor out of action and scored two hits on the British battlecruisers with its 21 cm (8.3 in) guns. Blücher was hit by about 70 shells and wrecked. When struck by two torpedoes from the light cruiser Arethusa, Blücher capsized at 54 25' N. Lat., 5 25' E. Long and sank at 13:13, with the loss of 792 crew. British ships began to rescue survivors but were interrupted by the arrival of the Zeppelin L-5 (LZ-28) and by a German seaplane, which attacked with small bombs. No damage was done but the British ships put on speed and withdrew to avoid further aerial attack, leaving some of the survivors behind. By this time, the rest of the German ships were too far away for the British to catch up. Lion made 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph) at the beginning of the 300 nmi (560 km; 350 mi) return voyage, escorted by Indomitable. Beatty contemplated leaving a flotilla of destroyers to guard Lion and sending the rest to the German Bight, to make a night attack on the German ships but the damage to Lion caused more problems. As it crept home, the ship suffered further engine-trouble from salt water contamination in the boiler-feed-water system and its speed dropped to 8 kn (15 km/h; 9.2 mph). Lion was taken in tow by Indomitable, an operation which took two hours, in which the battlecruisers were exceedingly vulnerable to submarine attacks.

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