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質問

The National redoubt consisted of a dozen older forts around 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) outside to the city, completed in the 1860s, with an enceinte around the town abutting the Scheldt estuary at either end, with wet ditches around the enceinte and forts. The principal line of resistance comprised a ring of 21 forts, 10–15 kilometres (6.2–9.3 mi) outside the city, which had been built after 1882. A group of two forts and three coastal batteries defended the Scheldt and there were a small number of prepared inundations. Forts built at Liège and Namur on the Meuse were of similar construction and intended to be "barrier forts and bridgeheads", a first line of defence in the event of an invasion from the east or south-east. On 2 August 1914, the Belgian government refused the passage of German troops through Belgium to France and on the night of 3/4 August the Belgian General Staff ordered the 3rd Division to Liège to obstruct a German advance. The German army invaded Belgium on the morning of 4 August. Covered by the 3rd Division, the Liège fortress garrison, a screen of the Cavalry Division and detachments from Liège and Namur, the rest of the Belgian Field Army closed up to the river Gete and by 4 August the 1st Division had assembled at Tienen, the 5th Division at Perwez, the 2nd Division at Leuven and the 6th Division at Wavre, covering central and western Belgium and the communications towards Antwerp. German cavalry appeared at Visé early on 4 August and found the bridge down and Belgian troops on the west bank. The Germans found a ford, crossed the river and forced the Belgians to retire towards Liège. By the evening it was clear to the Belgian High Command that the 3rd Division and the Liège garrison were in the path of a very large invasion force.On 5 August the Battle of Liège began, when the Germans tried to capture the fortified city of Liège by a coup de main and then attempted a night attack, which collapsed in confusion until General Erich Ludendorff rallied the infantry. Ludendorff attacked again around noon on 6 August and found no opposition in the city, the Belgian 3rd Division having been withdrawn to the Gete. The Germans began a siege of the fortress, which fell on 16 August. On 10 August German cavalry reached the Gete and Jägers began to move northwards to Diest and Hasselt. On 12 August German cavalry and Jäger attacked at the Battle of Halen and were driven off after a ten-hour battle. By 17 August, a huge number of German troops had crossed into Belgium between the Meuse, Demer and Gete, despite the demolitions carried out by the Belgian Army and paramilitary Garde Civique.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The National redoubt consisted of a dozen older forts around 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) outside to the city, completed in the 1860s, with an enceinte around the town abutting the Scheldt estuary at either end, with wet ditches around the enceinte and forts. The principal line of resistance comprised a ring of 21 forts, 10–15 kilometres (6.2–9.3 mi) outside the city, which had been built after 1882. A group of two forts and three coastal batteries defended the Scheldt and there were a small number of prepared inundations.
⇒国家要塞は1860年代に完成した都市の外側約5キロ（3.1マイル）付近にあるたくさんの古い砦から成り、町の周りの城壁はシェルト川の河口両岸に隣接し、城壁と砦の周りには湿った溝があった。主要な抵抗戦線は、1882年以降に建造された、市外10～15キロ（6.2～9.3マイル）にある21か所をつないだ環状要塞で構成されていた。2か所の要塞と3か所の沿岸砲台のグループがシェルド川を守っていた。

＞Forts built at Liège and Namur on the Meuse were of similar construction and intended to be "barrier forts and bridgeheads", a first line of defence in the event of an invasion from the east or south-east. On 2 August 1914, the Belgian government refused the passage of German troops through Belgium to France and on the night of 3/4 August the Belgian General Staff ordered the 3rd Division to Liège to obstruct a German advance. The German army invaded Belgium on the morning of 4 August.
⇒ミューズ川沿いのリエージュとナミュールに建設された砦も同様の構造で、それは東または南東からの侵攻があった場合に備えた防御の第一線である「防壁と橋頭堡」（の役割）を意図していた。1914年8月2日、ベルギー政府はドイツ軍がフランスへ行くためにベルギーを通過することを拒否し、8月3/4日の夜ベルギー軍参謀幕僚はドイツ軍の進軍を妨害するようリエージュの第3師団に命令した。ドイツ方面軍は8月4日の朝にベルギーを侵略した。

＞Covered by the 3rd Division, the Liège fortress garrison, a screen of the Cavalry Division and detachments from Liège and Namur, the rest of the Belgian Field Army closed up to the river Gete and by 4 August the 1st Division had assembled at Tienen, the 5th Division at Perwez, the 2nd Division at Leuven and the 6th Division at Wavre, covering central and western Belgium and the communications towards Antwerp. German cavalry appeared at Visé early on 4 August and found the bridge down and Belgian troops on the west bank. The Germans found a ford, crossed the river and forced the Belgians to retire towards Liège.
⇒ベルギー野戦方面軍の残り部隊は、第3師団、リエージュ要塞守備隊、騎兵隊師団の防護壁隊、およびリエージュとナミュールからの分遣隊などによる援護を受けてゲテ川に近づき、8月4日までに第5師団がパーウェズに、第1師団がティネンに、第2師団がワヴルに集まった。そうしてベルギーの中央部と西部、およびアントワープへの通信を援護した。ドイツ軍騎兵隊は8月4日の初めにヴィゼーに現れ、橋梁が落ちていて、西岸にはベルギー軍が待機しているのを発見した。ドイツ軍は浅瀬を探して川を渡り、ベルギー軍に対してリエージュに退去することを強制した。

＞By the evening it was clear to the Belgian High Command that the 3rd Division and the Liège garrison were in the path of a very large invasion force. On 5 August the Battle of Liège began, when the Germans tried to capture the fortified city of Liège by a coup de main and then attempted a night attack, which collapsed in confusion until General Erich Ludendorff rallied the infantry. Ludendorff attacked again around noon on 6 August and found no opposition in the city, the Belgian 3rd Division having been withdrawn to the Gete.
⇒ベルギー軍の最高司令部にとって、第3師団とリエージュ守備隊が非常に大きな侵攻軍の進路上にあることが夕方までに明らかになった。「リエージュの戦い」は、ドイツ軍が奇襲攻撃によって要塞都市を攻略しようとした8月5日に始まり、その後に夜間攻撃を試みたが、攻撃軍は混乱して崩壊したので、エーリッヒ・ルデンドルフ将軍が歩兵隊を再編成するまでに至った。8月6日正午頃にルデンドルフが再び攻撃をしかけたところ、市中では何の抵抗も見られなかったが、それはベルギー第3師団がゲテに撤退したからであった。

＞The Germans began a siege of the fortress, which fell on 16 August. On 10 August German cavalry reached the Gete and Jägers began to move northwards to Diest and Hasselt. On 12 August German cavalry and Jäger attacked at the Battle of Halen and were driven off after a ten-hour battle. By 17 August, a huge number of German troops had crossed into Belgium between the Meuse, Demer and Gete, despite the demolitions carried out by the Belgian Army and paramilitary Garde Civique.
⇒ドイツ軍が要塞の包囲を始めたので、（ついに）それは8月16日に陥落した。8月10日、ドイツ軍騎兵隊がゲテに到着し、狙撃隊が北へ向かってディエストとハッセルトに移動し始めた。8月12日にドイツ軍騎兵隊は「ハーレンの戦い」で攻撃したが、10時間の戦闘の後に撃退された。ベルギー方面軍と準軍事的な民間警備隊によって（橋梁が）取り壊されたにもかかわらず、8月17日までに膨大な数のドイツ軍がミューズ、デメール、ゲテの間を通ってベルギーに侵入した。

お礼

回答ありがとうございました。