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次の3文ですが、だいたいの意味は分かりますが、具体的に英訳できないので、お願いします。 ・How can only twenty three amino acids form so many different proteins? ・Try to think of the different ways in which twenty three amino acids could be arranged in a chain made up of hundreds of acids. ・If only ten amino acids were included in a chain one hundred units long, the number of possible combination would be 10^100.
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ほんの23種のアミノ酸を材料として、その様に沢山の異なるタンパク質が作られるのは、どうしてか 数百のアミノ酸からなるアミノ鎖が23種のアミノ酸から作られる様々な方法を考えよ 100個のアミノ酸長の鎖ににほんの10種類のアミノ酸が含まれるとき、可能な組合せは10^100通りにもなる
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１。わずか２３のアミノ酸から、如何にしてこれほど多くのプロテインが形成するできるのか？ ２。数百の酸の連鎖によって、どのように異なる方法で、２３個のアミノ酸が形成されるか考えてみなさい。 ３。１ １００の単位の長さの連鎖に、わずか１０のアミノ酸が含まれているとすれば、可能な組み合わせの数は、 10^100である。 ３。２ １００の単位の長さの連鎖に、わずか１０のアミノ酸が含まれているとしても、可能な組み合わせの数は、 10^100となる。
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ATP energy The liver is the central distributing and processing organ for nutrient. Glucose 6-phosphate, the key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism, may be converted into glycogen, into blood glucose, or into fatty acids via acetyl-CoA. It may undergo degradation via glycolysis and the citric acid-cycle to yield ATP energy or via the pentose phosphate cycle to yield pentoses and NADPH. Amino acids may be built up into liver and plasma proteins, or they may be converted into glucose and glycogen by gluconeogenesis. The ammonia formed by their deamination is converted into urea by the urea cycle. Fatty acids may be converted by the liver into triacylglycerols, cholesterol, and into plasma lipoproteins for transport and storage in adipose tissue. They may also be oxidized to yield ATP energy and to form the ketone bodies, to be circulated to other tissues. Skeletal muscle is specialized to produce ATP for contraction and relaxation. In very severe muscular work, glycogen is the ultimate fuel and is converted into lactate. During recovery the lactate is rebuilt to form liver glycogen and glucose again. The brain uses only glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate as fuels, the latter being important in fasting or starvation. The brain uses most of its ATP energy for active transport of Na+ and K+ and in the maintenance of the action potential of neuronal membranes.
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In general the TCL forms are found where one of the three fatty acids on the glycerol differs markedly from the other two in terms of unsaturation or chain length and the TCL form is seen to make for easier packing. In a natural fat the occurrence of large numbers of different species of triglyceride will make the situation rather more complicated, but as a rule one polymorphic type predominates. TCL forms TCL型 fatty acids 脂肪酸 glycerol グリセロール triglyceride トリグリセリド 分かるところだけでも良いのでお願いいたします！
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The small star-shaped glia cells are scattered among the neurons more or less in the same manner throughout the nervous system; if one were to look only at them, forgetting the nerve cells, a much more uniform description of the different parts of the nervous system would be obtained than one based on a description of the neurons. If the aim is to relate different structures to different tasks, one is certainly better off concentrating on the neurons.
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Q:Coconut Fatty Acid Cream Base -- Absorption base containing essential fatty acids, coconut fatty alcohols from palm kernels, aloe vera and vitamins A, C and E. Rich in linoleic and linolenic acids (vitamin F), excellent nutrients and skin conditioners. In hair care products, it is often combined with the important amino acids cysteine and methionine, which are high in sulfur and excellent for the hair and scalp. Q: What is your coconut fatty acid cream base? A: This natural absorption base is a proprietary blend invented by Aubrey Hampton in 1968 to deliver conditioning nutrients to the skin, hair and scalp. It is made with coconut fatty alcohol, essential fatty acids and organic aloe vera, and is sometimes referred to as essential fatty acid cream base. Q: What are essential fatty acids? A: Fatty acids and glycerin are the building blocks of fats and oils from both plants and animals. Essential fatty acids (EFAs) such as linoleic and linolenic acids cannot be manufactured by the body and must be consumed in the diet. EFAs are utilized by the body in practically every biochemical function, including the production of sebum, the skin’s natural oil. Applied topically, EFAs are readily absorbed by the skin. They are excellent emollients that not only improve the absorption of our moisturizers and conditioners, but also have antibacterial properties that help protect the skin, hair and scalp. They are found in many unprocessed oils, especially safflower and flax seed oils. Q: What is a fatty alcohol? A: Some of the most common fatty alcohols are cetyl, lauryl, oleyl and stearyl fatty alcohols. Solid alcohols are made from fatty acids. They are superb natural emollients, not to be confused with liquid solvent-type alcohols. Cetyl and stearyl alcohols help keep the hair and scalp’s natural moisture from evaporating. Cetyl alcohol was first derived from the oil of sperm whales; it is also widely produced from petroleum oil. Aubrey Organics only uses cetyl alcohol from natural vegetable sources—coconut and palm oils. Q: What are fatty acids esters? A: Esterification of a fatty acid is a condensation reaction in which a molecule of acid unites with a molecule of alcohol with the elimination of water. Fatty acid esters can be very beneficial in cosmetic formulas. Two examples in nature of substances rich in fatty acid esters are jojoba oil and human sebum. Q: Are Aubrey Organic’s products vegan? A: Most Aubrey products are vegan: that is, they contain no ingredients derived from animals. We mark these products with a vegan label so concerned customers will know. A few of our hair care products contain lactalbumin (a milk protein), glycoprotein (derived from oyster shells), lanolin or egg protein. These ingredients work well in hair care, but we also offer vegan alternatives using plant-derived proteins in most of our hair care products. In our skin care line, Vegecol is a vegetable collagen moisturizer formulated as a vegan alternative to Collagen TCM, a dermal protein moisturizer. 長文の為、大変申し訳ございませんが、どうか宜しくお願いします！！
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1.4 DNA structure and function DNA is huge ladder-like molecule made up of sugar , phosphate and four organic bases called Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine.The bases will only join up in the pairs A to T and G to C. The two halves of the ladder can also un-zip between the pairs of bases.They do this: (a) At mitosis: each half ladder forms the other half on itself.So two ladders,which are identical, result.This is the reason why a chromosome that splits in mitosis forms two identical chromosomes. (b) When genes make proteins: each half ladder forms a related substance, RNA(very similar to DNA) on it.This then detaches, passing to the ribosomes.RNA carries the sequence of bases that were in the DNA.Each three letter ‘word’(triplet),e.g.AGC attracts particular amino acid to the ribosome. The sequence of the hundreds of triplets is what determines the kind of protein formed at the ribosomes-each protein has its own unique DNA sequence. Thus a length of DNA with its own unique sequence is a gene; and a gene is what is used to make its own, unique,protein by linking a particular sequence of amino acids together at ribosome. The‘ladder’structure of DNA is in fact turned into a spiral(double helix) thread,with 10 base pairs per complete 360°turn.This has little to do with the function of DNA but it was a crucial fact, discovered by Franklin, Wilkins, Watson and Crick, in determining its structure. かなり長いですがお願いします。 すごく急いでます。
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BBCにあった生物関係の英語の音声のスクリプトです。 後半の［ ］のcellは単数ですが、その前では複数になっています（違いは定冠詞の有無のみです）。どうして単数になっているのでしょうか。辞書からは複数の方がよい感じもしますが、... 音声の方もこの個所は単数で発声されています。 Different kinds of cells in our bodies do different jobs. Cells are arranged into tissues and organs. ・・・（中略）・・・ Different kinds of cells can be recognized from their shapes and sizes. For example, red blood cells are tiny discs full of haemoglobin to carry oxygen; nerve cells can be very long, the longest running from the big toe right up and into the brain, they also have millions of tiny branches where they can be connected to other nerve cells. ・・・（中略）・・・ You can use the mnemonic Mrs. Gren. M, R, S, G, R, E, N, to help you remember the different kinds of ［cell］ in your body. The letters stand for movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion and nutrition.
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英語が得意な方 和訳を助けてください。うまく訳せなくて困っています。よろしくお願いします。 Only in 1968, the year of the student uprising, was it allowed to be set up again under the slightly different name of the German Communist Party(Deutsche Kommunistische Partei, DKP) by which time its membership had slumped to 7,500.
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数式などが入り混ざっているので、どうしてもできませんでした； できる方お願いします！ It should be noted that the "best line" is not exactly determined. A visual estimate can often be made of a range of possible lines. From this, uncertainties in M and B can be estimated. Method of Averages. The constants in a linear equation may be calculated from only two pairs of values for the variables. In general, more than two pairs of values are available, and different values for the constants will be obtained when different experimental points are used in the calculation. One method for determining the constants by using all the experimental data is the method of averages. This method is based on the assumption that the correct values of the constants M and B are those which make the sum of the residuals equal zero. The residuals (Vi) are the differences between the values of Y calculated from the empirical equation and the experimentally determined values (Yi). In the case we are discussing, the residuals are (Vi)= MXi + B - Yi This assumption gives only one condition on the constants, and sos it is further assumed that if there are r constants, the residuals may be divided int r groups and ΣVi = 0 for each group.The groups are chosen to contain nearly the same number of experimental values, but it should be noted that different methods of choosing the groups will lead to different values for the constants. If the number of residuals in a group is K, the summation of Equation.
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イギリスのあるお店にメールをしました。 返信の英訳を教えて頂きたいのですが。 私の送ったメールの内容は クレジットカードは使えますか？ VATはできますか？などの質問です。 カードが使えるというのは、わかりました。 「Credit card is accepted as is cash or cheque. We can only take tax off orders which are being shipped to a different country not if it is being bought in this country I'm afraid but you will find most of our fibres to be fairly inexpensive anyway. Let me know if any of my answers aren't clear and I will be happy to help in any other way」
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