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和訳していただけませんか？
どなたか下の文の[ ]に適切な語を入れて和訳していただけませんか？ With the breakup of the Soviet Union, a new entity called the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was formed in December, 1991. The member countries, most of which are the independent states of the former Soviet Union, have sovereignty, but are economically interdependent. Although these countries were liberated from the control of the centralized, totalitarian government, they have been faced with daunting challenges: developing their economies, reorganizing their political systems , and [sparking/causing/ settling] ethnic disputes such as the Chechen Wars and the Georgian-Ossetian conflict. In order to [endure/ overcome/ face] those hardships, the CIS has been taking bold steps to realize democratization, reorganization, and reconstruction of the Commonwealth.
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ソヴィエット連邦崩壊後、CISと呼ばれる新しい連邦が１９９１年の１２月に出来た。そのほとんどが旧ソヴィエット連邦の構成メンバーで、独立国家ではあるが経済的には相互依存の関係にある。これらの諸国は、中央集権的、専制主義の政府から解放されてはいるが、種々の難しい問題に直面している、例えば自国の経済発展、政治機構の再構成、さらにチェチェン戦争やグルジア・オセティア紛争などを（触発／発生／鎮静）させた民族闘争などである。これらの困難に（耐え／克服し／直面する）ためにCISは、民主化、再編成、連邦の再構成を実現するため大胆な進歩を遂げてきた。
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- 次の英文の訳をお願いします
He suggested that European Union countries,swayed by Spain,Italy and France with large tuna fleets,have been dragging their feet on enforcing quotas. 「There are questions about some of the Mediterranean countries,whether they have been as attentive as others」 he said.
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国連の世界貿易レポートを読んでいるのですが、イマイチ理解できません。 大変長い文章ですが、和訳していただけませんでしょうか。 どうかよろしくお願いします。 As noted above, GVC participation – or the role that individual countries play in international production networks – is driven by many different factors, from size of the economy to industrial structure and level of industrialization, composition of exports and positioning in value chains, policy elements, and others. As a result, countries with very different characteristics may be very similar in the ranking of GVC participation (figure IV.9). The GVC participation of many countries relates substantially to GVC interactions within their respective regions. Instead of a global reach, most value chains have a distinctive regional character, as shown in figure IV.10. North and Central American value chain links are especially strong, as are intra- European Union ones. The largest extraregional bilateral GVC flows are between Germany and the United States, China and Germany, and Japan and the United States, in that order. The share of global value added trade captured by developing economies is increasing rapidly. It grew from about 20 per cent in 1990, to 30 per cent in 2000, to over 40 per cent in 2010. As a group, developing and transition economies are capturing an increasing share of the global value added trade pie (figure IV.11). As global trade grows, developed economies appear to rely increasingly on imported content for their exports, allowing developing countries to add disproportionately to their domestic value added in exports. Some of the larger emerging markets, such as India, Brazil, Argentina and Turkey, have relatively low GVC participation rates. These countries may have lower upstream participation levels, both because of the nature of their exports (natural resources and services exports tend to have less need for imported content or foreign value added) and because larger economies display a greater degree of self-sufficiency in production for exports. They may also have lower downstream participation levels because of a focus on exports of so-called final-demand goods and services, i.e. those not used as intermediates in exports to third countries. Investment and trade are inextricably intertwined. Much of trade in natural resources is driven by large cross-border investments in extractive industries by globally operating TNCs. Market-seeking foreign direct investment (FDI) by TNCs also generates trade, often shifting arm’slength trade to intra-firm trade. Efficiency-seeking FDI, through which firms seek to locate discrete parts of their production processes in low-cost locations, is particularly associated with GVCs; it increases the amount of trade taking place within the international production networks of TNCs and contributes to the “double counting” in global trade flows discussed in this report.
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以下の和訳をお願いします。 Consider Z-Card, which sells information and advertising materials mostly in the form of pocket-size foldout cards. The company is privately held, with annual revenue of about ￡6 million, or $9.3 million, and has a staff of 34. Only 16 are Britons. The rest are mainly from other countries in the European Union.
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[ ]に入る適切な語を選んで和訳していただけませんか？ In the 1980s, when the Soviet Union’s last leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, came into power, The Soviet Union was faced with two serious problems. First, their economic planning failed to [meet/ reflect/ find] the needs of the State, which was caught up in a vicious arms race with the US. This led to a gradual economic decline that called for economic reform. Second, the Government had underestimated the growing demand of the non-Russian ethnic groups for independence from the Soviet Union. In order to address these problems, Gorbachev introduced a two-tiered reform policy: glasnost (freedom of speech) and perestroika (economic reform). However, perestroika did not work and only encouraged people to exercise their newly given freedom of speech to [praise /criticize/ explain] the Government for its unsuccessful economic reform.
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The Second Red Scare was a fear-driven phenomenon brought on by the growing power of communist countries in the wake of the Second World War, particularly the Soviet Union. Many in the U.S. feared that the Soviet Union and its allies were planning to forcefully spread communism around the globe, overthrowing both democratic and capitalist institutions as it went. With the Soviet Union occupying much of Eastern and Central Europe, many in the U.S. perceived their fears of communist expansionism as confirmed. The U.S. also feared that communist agents had infiltrated the federal government. Second Red Scare（赤狩り）についてまとめた文章なのですが、もう少し簡単にまとめることはできないでしょうか？ （一応自分なりにまとめてみました↓） ⇨The Second Red Scare was a fear-driven phenomenon brought on by the growing power of communist countries in the Soviet Union. The U.S. feared that the Soviet Union and its allies were planning to forcefully spread communism around the globe, overthrowing both democratic and capitalist institutions as it went. With the Soviet Union occupying much of Eastern and Central Europe, many in the U.S. feared of communist expansion and invasioned the federal governent. 最後の文章を３つ目の文章にまとめたのですが、いかがでしょうか？ 添削、もしくはこのような表現があるよ、もっと簡単にできるよ、などあれば教えて欲しいです。 よろしくお願いします。
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以下の文の和訳をお願いします。 While Britain is the company’s biggest individual market, 70 percent of its business comes from other European Union countries, with clients like the German airline Lufthansa and the Vatican. (Z-Card produced a foldout brochure of tourist information for the Vatican Library.) The likelihood that a Briton could have secured the Vatican contract, the company’s managing director, Liz Love, said would have been “absolutely zilch.”
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長いですが簡単です！確認したいのでよろしくお願いします！！ Long before the pioneers headed for the West, restlessness had been part of our nature. Today, it shows itself up and down and across the land as 40 million Americans change their homes every year. Some are skilled workers who are seeking better jobs Others are in military or government service and have been assigned to new posts
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The heart of the problem is the absence of checks and balance - an independent justice system and legislature, which have been weakened, or disapproved entirely, in several countries. Leaders are stacking courts and buying or bullying legislatures. It's gutted democracy, and it's on the rises. お願いします。
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To be confined to means to only exist or affect that place - and developed countries are the richer ones with advanced industries - like the United States or Japan as Russell said. ロッセルが言うようにアメリカや日本のような先進国は進んだ産業によって自国を豊かにする 文型がよく分かりません。 真ん中のonesはdeveloped countriesを指してるんでしょうか。 andはどんな役割でしょうか。 お願いします。
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Because there is no national religion and because citizens come from so many different backgrounds and origins, schools in the United States have been the chief institution thorough which a common national interest has been shared and a common culture developed. During the 1800s and early 1900s, when millions of people from many countries around the world came to the United States, schools were an important part in "Americanizing" the children, and through them the parents, too.
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