Understanding Poverty: Causes and Solutions
- Poverty is the lack of resources needed for a decent life, including food, water, health care, and education. Education is crucial in breaking the cycle of poverty.
- Factors contributing to poverty include a dry climate, low levels of education, and political and economic instability. The biggest cause is the widening gap between the rich and the poor.
- Solving poverty is a complex challenge, but addressing issues such as education, economic stability, and income inequality can help in eradicating poverty worldwide.
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訳をお願いします。 What is poverty? Poverty is not having enough resources to obtain sufficient amounts of life's necessities, such as food, water, health cere and education. Without education, most people have very little hope of pulling themselves out of poverty. Providing education is the most important way to help a community or nation rise above poverty. Many people think that the best way to the poor of the world is by providing them with food. Believe it or not, this actually makes things worse! Why? An ancient Chinese proverb says, "Give a man a fish and he will eat for a day; teach him how to fish and he will eat for a lifetime." Supplying food to the poor without teaching them how to grow their own food will help them only for as long as the food lasts. But if we can teach poor nations how to farm better and how to create stronger economies and help them build schools to educate children, these benefits will last a lifetime. What causes poverty? There are many factors. There include a dry climate with very little rain, low levels of education, and political and economic inatability. The biggest cause of poverty, however, is the ever-widening gap between the rich and the poor. Did you know that the three richest people in the world have more money than all of the people in the poorest 48 countries? This type of inequality exists not only in poor countries but also in the United States. In fact, the richest 10% of Americans receive almost one third of the nation's income. Poverty will not be an easy problem to solve. Can you think of any idea that might help wipe out poverty in the world.
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貧困とは何でしょう？ 貧困とは、例えば食物、水、健康管理、教育のような、生活の必需品の十分な量を得ための十分な資金がないことです。 教育がないと、たいていの人々は、彼ら自身を貧困から引き出す希望をほとんど持てません。 教育を提供することは、地域社会または国が貧困を突破するのを援助する最も重要な方法です。 世界の貧しい人々に対する最良の方法は、彼らに食物を提供することによるのだと、多くの人々は考えています。 信じがたいかもしれませんが、これは実は事態をより悪化させます！ なぜでしょうか？ 古代の中国のことわざは次の様に言っています、「男に魚を与えなさい、そうすれば、彼は一日分を食べられます; 釣りの仕方を彼に教えなさい、そうすれば、彼は一生食べられます。」 貧しい人々に彼ら自身の食物を育てる方法を教えずに貧しい人々に食物を供給することは、食物が続く間だけ、彼らを助けることになるでしょう。 しかし、我々が、貧しい国々に、よりよく耕作する方法やより強い経済を作り出す方法を教え、彼らが子供たちを教育するための学校を建設するのを援助することができれば、これらの利益は、一生涯続きます。 貧困の原因はなんでしょう？ 多くの要因があります。 それらには、ほとんど雨の降らない乾燥気候、低い教育水準、政治的、経済的な能力のなさが含まれます。 しかし、貧困の最大の原因は、富める者と貧しい者の間の広がり続ける格差です。 世界で最も金持ちの３人が、最貧の48カ国の人々全員より多くのお金を持っているということを、あなたは知っていましたか？ この種の不平等は、貧困国にだけでなくアメリカ合衆国にも存在します。 実際、アメリカ人の最も豊かな10%が、国民所得のほぼ3分の1を受け取っています。 貧困は、解決するのが簡単な問題ではないでしょう。 あなたは、世界の貧困を一掃するのに役立つかもしれないアイディアを思いつくことができますか？
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- 和訳してください(>_<)
Poverty means not having enough resources to get basic things and services such as food, water, health care and education. There are many factors that cause poverty. Economic inequality, a dry climate, and low levels of education are some of the main factors. It is a big problem around the world. Every day, about 25000 people die of hunger or diseases caused by hunger. Many developed nations give financial aid or food to developing nations to help them fight poverty. For years, this has been the standard type of help given to them. But these developing nations haven't really gotten rid of poverty. The reason is because such assistance is short-term and not very effective. Once the money or food runs out, developing nations go back to the same poor conditions they were in before they received the help. What is necessary, therefore, is to teach these people how to survice in the long term.
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- 英語
- 英語の得意な方にお願いです。
英語の得意な方にお願いです。 長いですが、和訳をお願いします。 課題で和訳をしなければならないのですが、 自分なりの、和訳が合っている自信がありません。 Poverty is Denial of All Human Rights Peace should be understood in a human way － in a broad social, political and economic way. Peace is threatened by unjust economic, social and political order, absence of democracy, environmental degradation and absence of human rights. Poverty is the absence of all human rights. The frustrations, hostility and anger generated by abject poverty cannot sustain peace in any society. For building stable peace we must find ways to provide opportunities for people to live decent lives. The creation of opportunities for the majority of people － the poor － is at the heart of the work that we have dedicated ourselves to during the past 30 years. Grameen Bank I became involved in the poverty issue not as a policymaker or a researcher. I became involved because poverty was all around me, and I could not turn away from it. In 1974, I found it difficult to teach elegant theories of economics in the university classroom, in the backdrop of a terrible famine in Bangladesh. Suddenly, I felt the emptiness of those theories in the face of crushing hunger and poverty. I wanted to do something immediate to help people around me, even if it was just one human being, to get through another day with a little more ease. That brought me face to face with poor people's struggle to find the tiniest amounts of money to support their efforts to eke out a living. I was shocked to discover a woman in the village, borrowing less than a dollar from the money-lender, on the condition that he would have the exclusive right to buy all she produces at the price he decides. This, to me, was a way of recruiting slave labor. I decided to make a list of the victims of this money-lending "business" in the village next door to our campus. お願いします＞＜
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- 英語
- 英語長文
(1)Education has been called America's religion. Today more than 56 million Americans are attending school. One half of all the people in the country between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five are enrolled in either a college or university; close to 49 million boys and girls are going to school. Education is an enormous （ and expensive ） part of American life. Its size is matched by its variety. The widely different educational system and possibilities are as difficult for an outsider to understand as anything about American life. (2)Differences in American schools compared with those found in the majority of other countries lie in the fact that education here has long been intended for everyoneーnot just for a privileged elite. Schools are expected to meet the needs of every child, regardless of ability, and also the needs of society itself. This means that tax-supported public schools offer more than academic subjects. It surprises many people when they come here to find high schools offering such courses as typing, sewing, radio repair, computer programming, or driver training, along with traditional academic subjects such as mathematics, history, and languages. Students choose their curricula from a large serection of courses, depending on their interests, future goals, and level of ability. The underlying goal of American education is to develop every child to the utmost of his or her own possibilities, however great or small these may be, and to give each one a sense of civic and community consciousness. (3)Because there is no national religion and because there are so many different backgrounds and origins among the people, schools have traditionally played an important role in creating national unity and “ Americanizing ” the millions of immigrants who have poured into this country from its earliest days. Schools still play a large role in the community, especially in small towns. (4)The approach to teaching may seem unfamiliar to many, not only because it is informal, but also because there is less emphasis on learning facts than is true in the systems of many other countries. Instead, Americans try to teach their children to think for themselves, to delve, to explore, to develop their own intellectual and creative abilities. Students spend much time learning how to use resource materials, libraries, statistics, computers. Americans believe that if children are taught to reason well and to research well, they will be able to find whatever facts they need throughout the rest of their lives. Knowing how to solve problems is considered more important than the accumulation of facts, which often grow obsolete. (5)Computers are used in many classrooms, frequently starting in kindergarten. If a child doesn't know how to use computers, parents can help him or her a great deal by providing computer lessons in advance, so the child will not feel handicapped. To find such classes, one can consult the school or ask a local computer store where classes are given. (6)This is America's answer to the searching question that throughtful parents all over the world are asking themselves in this fast-moving time: “How can one prepare today's child for a tomorrow that one can neither predict nor understand? 本文の原文は、こちらから引用しました。 http://res.chinaedu.com/eol/005/eol08_4.htm 【設問】 ・第3段落、‘schools have traditionally played an important role’ の具体的内容 →‘creating national unity～this country’の箇所にしました。 ・最終段落、‘the searching question’の具体的内容 →“How can～understand?”の箇所で良いでしょうか。 お願いします。
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- 英語
- 英語長文
When we talk about conservation of the tropical rainforests we must first look at who owns them. The vast majority of them are found in developing countries, nations which generally have a much (1) standard of living than countries of the developed world. For them, conversation is simply a laxury. They have most pressing concernsーpaying off huge debts to banks in developed countries, feeding their people, rising the standard of living and preserving national security. All these concerns directly threaten the forests. One (2) method of earning foreign exchange to pay off debts and to raise the standard of living is to export valuable hardwood timber. One of the most obvious ways to feed the people is to give them land which hasn't already been farmedーthe land where the forest grows. One of the best ways of protecting the remote borders of a country, particularly when that border is disputed by its neighbours, is to move lots of people into the area. The tropical rainforest is therefore seen as a commodity to be removed for quick cash. In these circumstances it is easy to see why tropical countries not only 【fail respond to pressure from foreign conservationists】 but also resent being told by outsiders what they should or shouldn't do with their own forests. Dr. Mahatir, the Prime Ministor of Malaysia, repeatedly makes the point that in Europe (3) areas of forest were used as fuel for the Industrial Revolution, a development which led to the privileged economic position of the Western world today. Now, as he attenpts to industrialize his country, Dr.Mahatir deeply recents being told not to cut down his forests. The tropical countries can also point to the contribution which the developed world makes to the greenhouse effect today. 【Although the tropical rainforests is adding to the problem, it is the developed countries which created that problem in the first place. 】The industrialised nations need to show some willingness to clean up the mess they have created before they can dictate to the developing countries on matters of conservation. ・(1)～(3) difficult,easy,higher,large,lower,small,soft,wrong (1)lower (2)wrong (3)large にしました。 ・【fail to～】pressureの意味を指摘しつつ、説明(←良く分からなかったです) ・【Although～】訳 熱帯雨林の破壊は問題が増しているけれども、そもそもその問題を引き起こしたのは先進国である。 と書きました。 お願いします。
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- 英語の長文、和訳お願いします、II
The amount of land we can use to produce food is also limited. Today, roughty 11% of the land on Earth can be used for crops, while another 20% is available for raising animals. Each year, however, more of this land is lost as cities grow and roads stretch across the land. In addition overcultivation has already damaged an amount of farmland equal to the size of the United States and Canada combined. It is possible to increase the amount of farmkand, but only a little. Some farmland can be more productive if people start using different farming methods, but this will not increase worldwide production very much. While we have many different sources of commercial energy, there is a limited supply of many of them. Today, most of the world's commercial energy comes from three nonrenewable energy resources―petroleum, natural gas, and coal. Three quaters of this commercial energy is used by developed countries. As the standard of living goes up in other contries, so will the demand for energy. Some scientsts predict that if everyone in the world lived like an American, our fossil fuel supply would last for just fifteen more years. Clearly, the number of people that the Earth can support in the future will depend on many things. The Earth may be able to support 9 billion people, but what will their standard of living be? And what effect will all these people have on the environment?
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(1)Certain occupations which represent work to others are recreations to us. Acting, gardening, fishing, hunting, carpentry are work for the professional and recreation for the amateur, even if the latter indulges in them with the greatest possible seriousness; first because the use of different muscles and nerves is in itself a rest, and them because the amateur feels himself to be released from his conflict with the outside world, to be at liberty to stop what he is doing whenever he pleases. He is spread the fatigue of compulsion. (2)The playing of games is a still freer form of activity; there are no real problems to be solved, merely an arbitrary set of rules which the participants have agreed to obey. The chess-player and the bridge-player are not in conflict with the Universe, but with pure skill. Two things conductive to rest result therefrom: the players know that the loss of a game is unimportant, and also that the interventions of luck and limited. The moral benefits of sort must be noted here. Respect for the rules is self-imposed by the participants, because games can't be played without rules. When a habit of this kind has been adopted by a whole nation for several generations it tends to produce law-abiding citizens. "(1)," the English say of a man who is dishonest in love, business, or politics. Civilization is man's adoption of accepted conventions. Many of these conventions are as arbitrary as tennis or golf rules, but they substitute courtesy for fear and sport for war, because they enable us to foresee the reactions of those with whom we live. (3)In the theatre we do things only by proxy. We sit, motionless, watching the actions of others. We are interested because "(2)." The emotions and passions depicted in comedies and tragedies are our own. We live them with the dramatist. Why is this restful? Because, in the realm of art, no decisions are required of us. A drama, which concerns us and could be our own, takes place in an imaginary world, and we know this. The aesthetic and the ethical levels are far apart, but the drama distracts its audiences from the pettinesses of life involves them in its deep and noble passions, and in this way can greatly uplift and exalt them. An effective truce to actual struggles would, however, become hateful if drama were to take the place of life. The cinema and the radio, in small doses, prepare us for new tasks by distracting us. If indulged in to excess, they stupefy us. 【設問】 (1)(2)に入る適切な文 アHe’s not playing the game イWork keeps off boredom, vice, and poverty ウNothing that is human is alien to us エHe who begins many things, finishes but few オThe principle of nationalities must be respected カLookers-on see most of the game
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- 英語
- 英語長文について
1 in Brazil, a waiter brings one menu for four people and gives it to the senior member of the group who orders the same food for all. 2 in France, each member of the group orders a different main dish at a restaurant. 3 in India,a senior engineer is asked to move to NewYork,at a salary that is twenty-five times his salary in NewDelhi,but he declines the opportunity. 4in California,a senior engineer is asked to move to NewYork,at a salary that is 50percent higher than his salary in LosAngeles,and he accepts. 5in Germany,a man walks one the grass in apublic park and is reprimanded by several passersby. ※reprimand；叱り付ける 6 in Illinois,a person marries someone without parental approval. 後に書かれてるsix behaviors のこと。 この英文は個人主義、集団主義についての文章 You will want some explanation of why the six behaviors mentioned above reflect these constructs.Brazil and India are collectivist countries,thougy in different degrees.France,the United States,and Germany are individualistic countries,also in different degrees. (3)Nevertheless,one can find both collectivist and individualistic elements in all these countries,in different combinations. In (c), the waiter infers that each person has personal preferences that must be respected, whereas in (d),the waiter assumes that the senior member of the group will decide what toeat and that ultimately consuming the same food will intensify bonds among the members of the group. ・・・ In India,the senior engineer feels he must stay close to his parents and that New York is simply too far. If his father were dying,it would be the engineer`s duty to be at his bedside and ease his passage to the other state. Under similar conditions in the United States,it is more likely that the parent would be placed in anursing home.the parent and his son have their own lives and are independent beings. Germany,though overall quite individualistic,is also collectivist in certain respects. the German episode is a community concern ,and witnesses to such deviant behavior(逸脱した行為)may take action.IN most cultures,people are independent beings and can marry someone regardless of parental disapproval.In individualist cultures marriage is an institution tha only links two people and not their respective families. In collectivist cultures it links tywo families,in which case it is essential that the families find the mate acceptable 問 （3）（←Nevertheless～combinations）の特徴を本文中ではどの国のどのようなエピソードをあげて説明してますか？ ↑この設問は意味がよくわかりません。 問 （ｃ）（ｄ）に入る国名を答えよ 問 インドは集団主義的傾向が強く、アメリカは個人主義的傾向が強いとされていますが、その根拠を答えよ ↑これは（In India,the senior engineer feels he must stay close to his parents and that New York is simply too far. ）あたりのことだと思いますが、engineerをはじめいまいち意味をつかめません
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- その他（語学）
- 英語長文
Americans worship youth. To look at any magazine or advertisement, you'd think that no one over 50 lived in America. Likewise, most of the popular literature, films and television shows have to do with the lives of young people. No one wants to see, hear, read or think about old age. As a result, older people are virtually ignored. Lack of interest in the elderly takes many forms. Social welfare programs and medical care for older people are woefully inadequate. The proof of this is that some of America's older population live below the poverty line, surviving on dog food and scraps from garbage cans. More and more of them can no longer afford housing and live on the street. Those who have enough money to be comfortable when they retire, often live lonely lives in retirement communities or nursing homes where they are forgotten by the younger members of their families. One reason Americans are so reluctant to have the elderly around is because they've been taught to see people in terms of productivity. An older person who can no longer go to work is seen as unproductive and therefore useless. Also, America has become a country of nuclear, rather than extended families. When both the husband and wife work, no one can afford to stay home and care for an elderly person. This issue that Americans are overlooking when they overlook the elderly is that everyone gets old. Old age is just another, equally important stage of life. By shutting the elderly out of our lives, we are refusing to learn from their experiences, refusing to learn about ourselves. ・1段落2文目、“To look at～”を節に←節にする、が良く分かりませんでした。 ・“Likewise”は何と「同様に」と述べている? →自分はany magazine or advertisementとしました。 ・2段落3文目“The proof of this～”のthisとは? →高齢者のための社会福祉政策や医療がひどく不十分であること、としました。 ・3段落半ばの“Also”は何について「2つめ」を述べているか? →アメリカ人が高齢者をあまり受け入れたがらない(?)理由(について)、としました。言いたいことは何となく分かるのですが… お願いします。
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- 英語
- 和訳してください(>_<)
As an ancient proverb says, "Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach him how to fish and you feed him for a lifetime." Several new types of programs based on this idea have been getting attention these days. For example, in a "technology transfer" program, people in developing nations are taught skills to farm better or to make better equipment, roads or buildings. These skills then help them find work, earn money and feed their families. When people have the right tools and knowledge, they will be able to find their own way to escape from poverty.
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- 英語
- 英語長文でわからないところがあります。
1 in Brazil, a waiter brings one menu for four people and gives it to the senior member of the group who orders the same food for all. 2 in France, each member of the group orders a different main dish at a restaurant. 3 in India,a senior engineer is asked to move to NewYork,at a salary that is twenty-five times his salary in NewDelhi,but he declines the opportunity. 4in California,a senior engineer is asked to move to NewYork,at a salary that is 50percent higher than his salary in LosAngeles,and he accepts. 5in Germany,a man walks one the grass in apublic park and is reprimanded by several passersby. ※reprimand；叱り付ける 6 in Illinois,a person marries someone without parental approval. 後に書かれてるsix behaviors のこと。 この英文は個人主義、集団主義についての文章 You will want some explanation of why the six behaviors mentioned above reflect these constructs.Brazil and India are collectivist countries,thougy in different degrees.France,the United States,and Germany are individualistic countries,also in different degrees. (3)Nevertheless,one can find both collectivist and individualistic elements in all these countries,in different combinations. In (c), the waiter infers that each person has personal preferences that must be respected, whereas in (d),the waiter assumes that the senior member of the group will decide what toeat and that ultimately consuming the same food will intensify bonds among the members of the group. ・・・ In India,the senior engineer feels he must stay close to his parents and that New York is simply too far. If his father were dying,it would be the engineer`s duty to be at his bedside and ease his passage to the other state. Under similar conditions in the United States,it is more likely that the parent would be placed in anursing home.the parent and his son have their own lives and are independent beings. . . . .以下画像参照 問 （3）（←Nevertheless～combinations）の特徴を本文中ではどの国のどのようなエピソードをあげて説明してますか？ 問 （ｃ）（ｄ）に入る国名を答えよ 問 インドは集団主義的傾向が強く、アメリカは個人主義的傾向が強いとされていますが、その根拠を答えよ ↑これは・・・以下からの文章だと思いますが、engineerをはじめいまいち意味をつかめません
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とても授業で役立ちました ありがとうございました