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英文の和訳をお願いします。
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- Nannette
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視床下部（赤色の部分)は空腹感の制御を含む、体内のさまざまな維持調整機能をつかさどっています。 視床下部には多くの血管が通じていることから、人体の状態に関するさまざまな神経情報を（訳者？：交感神経と副交感神経を通じて）得られるのはもちろんのこと、私たちの現在の血液化学に多くの好ましい解答を提供してくれてもいるのです。 ずいぶん難しい論文をお読みなんですね、尊敬いたします。
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- この英文の和訳がわかりません
自分で訳してみましたが、なんだかしっくりきません。 どう訳したら良いでしょうか。 Once you have reached minimal levels of fitness,you might add exercises such as push-ups and pull-ups to your program. いったん最小限のレベルのフィットネスに達したら、あなたのプログラムに腕立て伏せや懸垂を加えてみたらどうだろうか。 It pumps more blood through your body with each beat. 心拍は、あなたの体を通り、より多くの血液をポンプで送る
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The body is protected against attack from bacteria and viruses by the immune system.White blood cells, especially those known as T-cells, play a central role in this fight against harmful invaders. In rare cases, however, the natural action of the immune system can cause problems. One such case is organ transplantation, in which the immune system attacks the new organ and causes the body to reject it. In order to suppress this rejection, several types of immunosuppressant drugs have been used. However, the discovery of cyclosporine in 1976 has been unparalleled by any other breakthrough in the long history of tissuen and organ transplantation. This medication has had a revolutionary impact, enabling the graft survival rate of renal transplants to increase from 40 to 90 percent. It is safe to say that the drug has moved transplantation from the realm of miracle into routine therapy. Cyclosporine prevents organ rejection by blocking certain immune pathways that are activated when the body detects foreign cells. At the same time, however, this medication indiscriminately blocks other cellular signal pathways, causing serious side effects such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol. These conditions can cause cardiovascular disease and kidney toxicity that may ultimately lead to organ failures. In addition, long-term cyclosporine use damages the body's immune system itself, preventing it from fighting off infections following transplant. Now, research is being done to develop drugs that can prevent rejection as effectively as cyclosporine, while avoiding its harmful side effects. One such drug is belatacept. This promising new immunosuppressant prevents T-cell activation by selectively blocking one of the two signals T-cells need in order to become fully activated and to initiate an immune response against a transplanted organ. By selectively blocking this co-stimulatory signal, the drug allows the body to continue fighting infections, while preventing organ rejection. Though further study and testing must be done before the drug can be recommended as a routine replacement for cyclosporine, belatacept could brighten the futures of many who suffer from chronic renal disease and other types of organ failure.
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Subcutaneous (SC) route. There are few blood vessels in the fatty tissue just below the dermis, so absorption is slow but usually complete. Thus, this route is suitable when slow and continuous absorption is required, as with insulin or allergy shots. Topical drugs are applied directly to the skin or mucous membranes of the eye, ear, nose, or mouth. This method is employed when a local effect of the drug is desired.
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When the tricky diagnosis of appendicitis is considered, blood tests and a urinalysis are required. The patient's blood is put into different colored tubes, each with its own additive depending on the test being performed: •A purple-top tube is used for a complete blood count (CBC). A CBC measures: 1) The adequacy of your red blood cells, to see if you are anemic. 2) The number and type of white blood cells (WBCs), to determine the presence of infection. 3) A platelet count (platelets are a blood component necessary for clotting) •A red-top tube is used to test the serum (the liquid or non-cellular half of your blood). •A blue-top tube is used to test your blood's clotting. The tests in your case indicate that you have an elevated WBC count. This is a sign of a bacterial infection, and bacterial infections are commonly associated with appendicitis. At this point, the emergency physician may request that you not eat or drink anything. The reason is that appendicitis is treated by surgery, and an empty stomach is desirable to prevent some complications of anesthesia. When the emergency physician has all the information he can obtain, he makes a determination of the most likely diagnosis from his differential diagnosis. Alternately, he may decide that he does not have enough information to make a decision and may require more tests. At this point, he speaks to a general surgeon -- the appropriate consultant in this case. The surgeon comes to see you and performs a thorough history, physical exam, and review of your lab data. She examines your symptoms: pain and tenderness in the right, lower abdomen, vomiting, low-grade fever and elevated WBC count. These symptoms all point to appendicitis. The treatment of appendicitis is removal of the appendix, or an appendectomy. The surgeon explains the procedure, including the risks and benefits. You then sign a consent form to document this and permit her to operate on you. The vast array of people caring for patients in an emergency department can be quite confusing to the average health care consumer -- as confusing as if you were watching your first baseball game ever and no one was around to explain all those players. Additionally, most people are uncertain of the training and background necessary to become a member of the emergency-department team. Well, here's the scorecard. The emergency physician comes to the team after spending four years in college studying hard to get as high a GPA (grade point average) as possible in order to get accepted into medical school. Medical school is a four-year course of study covering all the essentials of becoming a physician. It generally includes two years of classroom time, followed by two years rotating through all the different specialties of medicine. Toward the end of medical school, each medical student must select a particular specialty (emergency medicine, family practice, internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, etc.). The medical student then completes an internship (one year) and residency (two to three additional years) in order to be a specialist in emergency medicine. Physicians must pass an all-day written exam and an all-day oral exam to become board certified in emergency medicine. As of 2001, there were approximately 32,000 emergency physicians practicing in the United States, of which 17,000 were certified by the American Board of Emergency Medicine.
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英文の和訳をしました。 訳せていない部分もあるので教えていただきたいです。 Bending and stretching exercises and other controlled no-strain movements are excellent for keeping bones,joints,and muscles in shape. 屈伸運動と他の控えめで無理のない運動は、骨、関節、そして筋肉の形を保持するのに優れている。 After you have trained for a while,your heart will pump fewer times. しばらく訓練しているうちにあなたの心臓は 。 When you are fit,your heart doesn't have to pump as often because each pump delivers more blood.Therefore a fit person's heart beats several thousand times less every day than an unfit person's heart.This appears to reduce the wear and tear on the heart valves and blood vessels. あなたの体調が良い時、各ポンプがより多くの血液を届けるので、あなたの心臓は同じ位ポンプで送る必要はない。したがって、体調が良くない人の心臓より 。これは心臓弁と血管で消耗を減少させたと思える You have learned the importance of strength,suppleness,and stamina.You are aware both of the dangers of neglecting your body.It's now up to you to act upon that knowledge. あなたは、体力、柔軟性、耐久力の重要性を学んだ。あなたはトレーニングから得られる利益と 。
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new york timesの電子版を読んでいて解釈がわからないところがありました。ダイエットについての文章です。以下本文の抜粋です。 A person's weight remains stable as long as the number of calories consumed doesn't exceed the amount of calories the body spends, both on exercise and to maintain basic body functions. calories consumedは消費カロリー、calories the body spendsは基礎代謝みたいな意味でしょうか。それだとbothまでの内容は「消費カロリーが基礎代謝を上回らない限り、体重は維持される」となり、なんだかよくわかりません。あと、both以下もon exerciseとto maintainがどこにかかっているかもよくわかりません。よろしくお願いします。
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New research finds link between frequency of exercise and stroke risk Here’s yet another reason to get off the couch: new research findings suggest that regularly breaking a sweat may lower the risk of having a stroke. A stroke can occur when a blood vessel in the brain gets blocked. As a result, nearby brain cells will die after not getting enough oxygen and other nutrients. A number of risk factors for stroke have been identified, including smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes and being inactive. For this study, published in the journal Stroke, Michelle N. McDonnell, Ph.D., from the University of South Australia, Adelaide and her colleagues obtained data from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. REGARDS is a large, long-term study funded by the NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) to look at the reasons behind the higher rates of stroke mortality among African-Americans and other residents living in the Southeastern United States. “Epidemiological studies such as REGARDS provide an important opportunity to explore race, genetics, environmental, and lifestyle choices as stroke risk factors,” said Claudia Moy, Ph.D., program director at NINDS. Over 30,000 participants supplied their medical history over the phone. The researchers also visited them to obtain health measures such as body mass index and blood pressure. At the beginning of the study, the researchers asked participants how many times per week they exercised vigorously enough to work up a sweat. The researchers contacted participants every six months to see if they had experienced a stroke or a mini-stroke known as a transient ischemic attack (TIA). To confirm their responses, the researchers reviewed participants’ medical records. The researchers reported data for over 27,000 participants who were stroke-free at the start of the study and followed for an average of 5.7 years. One-third of participants reported exercising less than once a week. Study subjects who were inactive were 20 percent more likely to experience a stroke or TIA than participants who exercised four or more times a week. The findings revealed that regular, moderately vigorous exercise, enough to break a sweat, was linked to reduced risk of stroke. Part of the protective effect was due to lower rates of known stroke risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity and smoking. “Our results confirm other research findings but our study has the distinct advantage of including larger numbers, especially larger numbers of women as well as blacks, in a national population sample so these provide somewhat more generalizable results than other studies,” said Virginia Howard, Ph.D., senior author of the study from the School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
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Familiarity with object-oriented interpreted languages such as Python and Ruby PythonやRuby等のobject-oriented interpreted 言語を熟知している。 だと思うのですが、このobject-oriented interpreted languages が訳せません。 Installation and configuration of various "software infrastructure" for servers, including such subsystems as Samba, Postfix, CVS, Subversion, NNTP, etc., in addition to the open-source packages mentioned above. こちらはお手上げです。 助けてください。お願いします。
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英語について The endocrine system consists of various glands,such as the thyroid,sex and adrenal glands.The function of these glands is to secrete chemicals, known as hormones,into the blood. 訳をお願いします。 また、secrete chemicals, known as hormones,into the bloodあたりの修飾のされ方などが分りません。コンマをつける理由などもです。 お願いします。
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A crash cart is a cabinet containing equipment that physicians and nurses need when a cardiac arrest occurs (the heart stops beating). This is obviously a grave situation and requires immediate life-saving steps. These are some of the items found on a crash cart: Defibrillator - This is an electrical device with two paddles that are placed on your chest. It discharges electricity through your heart when a lethal rhythm is present. The goal is to shock the heart back to normal. "Lethal rhythms" include ventricular fibrillation (rapid, unsynchronized, uncoordinated heartbeat) and ventricular tachycardia (rapid heartbeat that prevents the heart from pumping properly). It can also be used in less dangerous rhythms to return the heart to a normal rhythm. Endotracheal intubation equipment - Endotracheal intubation is the procedure of placing a tube into someone's trachea (windpipe) when that person stops breathing or is not breathing adequately. The tube allows artificial respiration equipment to take over the job of breathing for the patient. The package includes tubes of different sizes and a laryngoscope -- a special light with a flat metal piece to lift the tongue out of the way so that a tube can be placed into the trachea. Central vein catheters - These are catheters (small tubes) placed in the large central veins (near the heart) so that medications and fluids can reach the heart and important organs quickly. •Cardiac drugs - During a cardiac arrest, certain potent drugs are required to restart the heart or return it to a more stable rhythm. The most common lethal arrhythmias present during a cardiac arrest are: •Ventricular fibrillation - Twitching of the ventricle (main chamber of the heart), as opposed to an effective contraction that pumps blood out of the heart •Ventricular Tachycardia - Rapid contraction of the ventricle, producing insufficient blood flow out of the heart •Asystole - Total absence of electrical activity and therefore no contraction of the heart •Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) - Electrical activity of the heart but inadequate contraction of the heart •Bradycardia - Various rhythms that cause the heart to beat so slowly that not enough blood is pumped out of the heart Some of the drugs that are used to treat these arrhythmias are: •Epinephrine - Used in ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, asystole, PEA, and sometimes bradycardia •Atropine - Used in asystole, bradycardia and sometimes PEA •Lidocaine - Used in ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia There are many other pieces of equipment that are used in an emergency department, including the chest-tube tray, which holds the equipment needed to put in a chest tube (a tube placed between the ribs and the lung to re-expand a collapsed lung), and an ear, nose and throat tray, which holds specialized equipment used most commonly for nosebleeds and to remove foreign bodies from the ear, nose, or throat.
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助かりました！ ありがとうございます！ でも理解できないんですよねぇ。