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微生物学の英語論文の和訳。
和訳をしてみたのですが、いまいち日本語がわかりませんでした。 詳しく訳せれる方是非お願いします!! Whether virulent or temperate, bacteriophage infection ultimately results in death of the host cell which, given current problems with multipe resistance, has sparked a renewed interest in their use as 'natural' antimicrobial agents. However, a variety of issues related to doing, delivery, quality control, etc. have impeded the use of 'bacteriophage therapy' in routine clinical practice. 有毒であろうと、温和であろうと、バクテリオファージ感染症は最終的に、宿主細胞で死ぬ結果になり、多様の抵抗に関する今の問題を与えられて、「自然な」抗菌剤として彼らの使い方における回復された関心をかきたてた。 しかし、すること、配達、品質管理、その他に関連したいろいろな問題は、ルーチンの臨床診療において『バクテリオファージ療法』の使用を妨げました。 以上です(´;ω;`)
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- お礼率40% (6/15)
- 英語
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Whether virulent or temperate, 強毒であろうが弱毒であろうが、 bacteriophage infection ultimately results in death of the host cell バクテリオファージの感染は宿主細胞(＝細菌)の死を意味し、 which, given current problems with multipe resistance, 現在問題となっている多剤耐性菌に対する has sparked a renewed interest in their use as 'natural' antimicrobial agents. 天然の抗菌物質として使うことが出来ないか新たな関心を集めている。 However, a variety of issues related to doing, delivery, quality control, etc. しかしながら、その適用や導入法（doing, delivery,）品質管理等種々の問題から have impeded the use of 'bacteriophage therapy' in routine clinical practice. 臨床現場における「バクテリオファージ療法」には制約がある。 doing, delivery,の訳については合っているかどうかわかりません。
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- 和訳してほしいです。急いでいます。
単語調べても、和訳できず困っています。 今週中にやらなければいけません。 助けてください。 できれば、翻訳機を使っていない訳が知りたいです。 よろしくお願いします。 <Nonantibiotic Polymer> Not yet available commercially, tolevamer can also be considered for treating CDAD. A soluble, high-molecular-weight, anionic polymer, tolevamer works by binding C difficile toxins A and B. Suggested for use with mild to moderately severe CDAD, tolevamer is given orally 3 times daily for a total of 3 to 6 g per day. Initial trial results indicted that the polymer was fairly well tolerated, provided resolution of signs and symptoms in 67% of patients, and was associated with a lower incidence of recurrence than was vancomycin. Resolution of diarrhea was comparable to that achieved with vancomycin; however, tolevamer is also associated with an increased risk of hypokalemia. <Immunoglobulin> Immunoglobulin has been proposed as a treatment for intractable and severe cases of CDAD. In one study, patients were given 1 to 6 doses, ranging between 300 and 500 mg/kg. Of 5 patients with refractory disease, 3 had resolution of signs and symptoms within 11 days. Although this treatment looks promising, immunoglobulin is expensive and in short supply. <Probiotics> Probiotics are live organisms meant to treat particular diseases, including Helicobacter pylori infections, acute gastroenteritis, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea, including CDAD. The most commonly used probiotic agents produce lactic acid and are present in normal microflora. Examples include Saccharomyces boulardii, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus plantarum. Many studies of probiotics have been done. Sullivan and Nord suggest that although S boulardii was somewhat effective, particularly in preventing recurrent CDAD, further studies are needed. Dendukuri et al similarly determined that evidence was insufficient to recommend the routine clinical use of probiotics to treat CDAD in adults.
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- 和訳をお願いします。
On 30 September general Joffre informed general Sarrail of the impending great offensive of the Romanian and Russian forces under general Averescu against the Bulgarian Third Army in Dobrudja and their expected crossing of the Danube between Ruse and Tutrakan. The commander of the Allied Army of the East now planned to use this by coordinating it with a renewed push against the Eleventh Army's Kenali line and eventually knock out Bulgaria out of the war. On 4 of October the Allies attacked with the French and Russians in the direction of Monastir - Kenali, the Serbian First and Third Army in along the Kenali - Cherna Loop line, the Serbian Second Army against the Third Balkan Division - in the direction of Dobro Pole. The allies had 103 battalion and 80 batteries against the 65 battalions and 57 batteries of the Central Powers in the area.
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- 長文の和訳をお願いいたします。
Contingent Renewal Market Do Not Clear In the absence of an enforceable contract, why do agents keep their promise? Of course, some agents are just honest but there are doubtless enough dishonest people that exchange would break down if enforcement were based on the integrity of the agents. The answer is that if agents do not keep their promises, principals dump them. This actions present trigger strategies: the exchange between principal and agent is renewed indefinitely (perhaps with some exogenous probability of dissolution), the principal using the threat of nonrenewal to secure compliance. A contingent renewal market is a market in which exchange between buyers and sellers are regulated by contingent renewal relationships. Excess supply of labor market take the form not only of unemployment but of underemployment: workers hold one position but are capable and willing to fill a better position, even at the going wage, but they cannot secure such position. Risksharing, requiring the borrower to put up a fraction of the equity in a project, is the most widely used in a credit markets, it follows that lending is directed predominantly toward wealthy agents. Contingent renewal (making available a line of credit, contingent on performance) adds the dimension that a certain subset of nonwealthy borrowers with good projects can get loans, facing the threat of falling into the pool of unemployed credit seekers should their credit line be terminated. In our game-theoretic model, equilibrium price in markets with quality goods must exceed marginal cost, not because a high price ensures that it is costly to lose a client, thus reassuring the buyer that the seller has an incentive to produce a high-quality goods.
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- 英語
- 医療系論文の和訳の添削
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- 和訳をお願いしますm(。・ω・。)m
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- 英語
- PB2 amino acid ～ の論文について
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Chemotherapy drugs act by interfering with the metabolism or replication of rapidly diving cancer cells. Surprisingly, the first drug used for chemotherapy was mustard gas, a chemical weapon from World War I. In the 1940s, scientists accidentally discovered that exposure to mustard gas inhibited rapid cell division and slowed some kinds of cancers, giving rise to the new medical field of chemotherapy. Once in the bloodstream, most chemotherapy drugs are non-specific in their attack on rapidly dividing cells. This means that while these drugs attack cancer cells, they can also attack other rapidly dividing cells in the body as well. The cells in your blood, mouth, intestinal tract, nose, nails, and hair are also undergoing constant, rapid division, and can suffer serious damage from the treatment. Doctors usually treat cancers with combination therapy, utilizing a mixture of two or more drugs. Combination therapy improves treatment effectiveness because the cancer cells have less chance of building resistance to several chemotherapy drugs. Drug resistance is a major concern in chemotherapy because drugs sometimes become ineffective when cancer cells are no longer affected by the drugs. There are several classes of drugs that are used in chemotherapy: Antibody-based therapies: There new drugs are able to target cancer cells. They represent a promising future in cancer treatment because they spare most of the beneficial cells in the body, and thus have fewer side effects. Antitumor antibiotics: There drugs bind with DNA in active cancer cells and prevent the synthesis of ribonucleic acid(RNA), which is imperative for cell survival. Alkylating agents: These agents add alkyl groups to strategic positions on the cancer DNA strand, making the strands unable to uncoil, thus halting cell division. Antimetabolites: These drugs alter the function of enzymes required for cell metabolism and protein creation, thereby starving cells to death and preventing division. Mitotic inhibitors: These drugs, derived from plants, stop cell reproduction by inhibiting cell division and blocking the use of certain proteins required for mitosis. Doctors and scientists are hard at work to make chemotherapy drugs more effective with fewer side effects. The day may be near when certain types of cancer will be successfully treated through chemotherapy with little or no incidental harm to the body.
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- where possibleって？？
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