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reservation
インドのカースト制度についての文章です。 reservationとはアファーマティブアクションのような優先枠のことだと思いますが、正しいでしょうか。 Dalitとはカーストの最下層の人のことです。 Several years ago it became illegal to discriminate against Dalits, and reservations were made for them in law-making bodies, administration and educational institutions
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Dalits運動（"抑圧された者"＞Sanskrit dal(抑圧する)＋ita（過去分詞語尾） ）で知られるDalitsはSC(scheduled caste指定カースト、かつてGandhiはharijanと呼んだ)の１つです。立法、行政、教育機関の重要ポストの内一定数を、必ずＳＣのために確保(reserve)してしておく制度があります。ご指摘の文中のreservationは複数形をとり「指定、予約、確保されたもの（＝ポスト）」という意味で、「特別枠が設けられた(=reservations were made ）」という意味とってよいと思います。 なお今「カースト制度」とは言わず、「ジャーティ（jati職業世襲制度）」と呼ぶのが普通です。
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- snowbees
- ベストアンサー率22% (173/760)
下記ウエブに示すように、ハリジャンに対する優遇措置（リザーブシステム）ですが、現在では、弊害も目立つので、見直し論も盛んな様です。
お礼
ありがとうございました。
- wierdo
- ベストアンサー率31% (67/212)
米国のaffirmative actionの解釈でよろしいかと思います。 私はこの制度そのものはVarnasrama dharmaと呼ばれていると思っていました。これは、Brahmans、Kshatriyas、Vaishyas、Shudras、の四つのvarnaで構成されており、それぞれをより細かくsub-casteとして分類する場合、jatisと呼ばれるらしいです。Dalitsは５番目のカーストとも言われていますが、varnaは飽くまでも四つだけとされていると聞きました。 DalitsはSC (scheduled caste)、Harijanとも呼ばれるようです。
お礼
ありがとうございました。
- Josimba
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こんにちは。 reservationの意味を聞いてらっしゃるのですよね。 この場合、Dalitsが以前から何においても全く権利を与えられてなかった、いわゆる階級差別をなくそうと、立法府（法律を制定する組織）や、政府組織、そして教育機関における「権利」を守ろうということだと思うので、この場合のreservationは権利（rights）と解釈してもかまわないのでは？または権利の保留とか。意訳すれば、発言権とか、議席を確保する権利とか。 どうでしょうか？
お礼
ありがとうございました。
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長文の途中からの文なので、意味が分かりにくいところもあると思いますが、よろしくお願いします。 So what did they do? All of the teams were remarkably inventive. One group identified a problem common in a lot of town-the frustratingly long lines at popular restaurants on Saturday night. The team decided to help those people who didn't want to wait in line. They paired off and booked reservations, and they sold each reservation for up to twenty dollars to customers who were happy to avoid a long wait. As the evening passed, they made several interesting observations. First, they realized that the female students were better at selling the reservations, probably because customers were more comfortable being approached by young women. They adjusted their plan so that the male students ran around town making reservations at different restaurants while the female students sold these places in line. They also learned that the entire operation worked best at restaurants that use vibrating pagers to alert customers when their table is ready. Physically swapping pagers made customers feel as though they were receiving something tangible for their money. They were more comfortable handing over their money and pager in exchange for the new pager. This had an additional bonus-teams could then sell the newly acquired pager as the later reservation time grew nearer. よろしくお願いします。
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ありがとうございました。