The Fascinating History of Spices
- Spices have a long and surprising history, dating back to 5000 years ago in China.
- They were not only used for medical reasons, but also as a form of currency in ancient Rome.
- Spices played a crucial role in preserving food and masking the taste of rotten or diseased food.
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Spices have a long and surprising history. They ware first used in China about 5000 years ago, mostly for medical reasons. News of their medicinal properties and their flavors spread rapidly. Eventually, a huge spice market grew up around the Mediterranean coastal areas. In ancient Rome, spices were also used in place of money. For example, peppercorns were a preferred form of payment. They were convenient because they were small and they weren’t as heavy as metal coins. There was such a high demand for pepper that its trading value was high. A pound of pepper could buy several sheep. Only the richest Romans could afford to season their food with pepper, so it was a sort of status symbol. Most people couldn’t afford to use their pepper for cooking. Over the centuries, people mainly used spices to preserve foods and to cover up the taste of foods that were rotten or diseased. Spices were so important for those reasons that they indirectly led to the exploration of the world. In the 15th and 16th centuries, European explorers set out to find new ways to get them. Explorers like Columbus discovered new lands as a result of their search for new spice trade routes. In this way, the story of spices is quite fascinating. を80～90語で要約しないといけないのですが、どこをどう要約すればいいのか全然分かりません…。アドバイスをぜひお願いします。 自分なりにやってみたものです ↓ The history of spices is long and full of surprising facts. In China, spices were mainly used for medical reasons about 5000 years ago. They were also used instead of money in ancient Rome because they were very convenient that they were small and light. Moreover, they have effects of preserving foods and giving the taste of foods. Thus spices were used in various ways and they were one of the necessaries of peoples lives.
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ご自分でされた要約でほぼＯＫだと思います。 先に要約を読んで、本文の内容がよく分かりましたから。 よく出来ていますよ。素晴らしい！ 強いて言うなら、 because they were very convenient that they were small and light. の部分、 that they were small and light. のつながりが、？なんですが…。 because they were small and light enough to carry. もしくは、 because they were very convenient enough to carry. とされてみては…？ また、 and giving the taste of foods. の部分は、 and giving foods a good taste. と、した方がいいのかも？ 最後の、 and they were one of the necessaries of peoples lives. は、本文を引用して、 and they indirectly led to the exploration of the world. として終えたらどうでしょうか？
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この英文の要約を簡単にお願いします！ (1)At a recent town meeting, residents of a rural Australian town voted to ban the sale of bottled water. They are probably the first community in the world to do so. This decision, made by residents of Bundanoon, was the second blow in one day to Australia's bottled drinks industry. Hours earlier, the New South Wales state government had banned all state departments and agencies from buying bottled water, calling it a waste of money and natural resources. (2)First popular in the 1980s as a convenient, healthy alternative to sweet drinks, bottled water today is attracting criticism for being environmentally damaging. Not only are used plastic bottles filling up garbage disposal sites, their production and distribution also use up large amounts of energy. (3)Because of these reasons, over the past few years, at least 60 local governments in the US and a number of others in Canada and the UK have agreed to stop spending public public money on bottled water, which public officials used to consume during meetings. But this is the first time that a community has banned the sale of bottled water. (4)Bundanoon's battle against the bottle began some years ago, when a Sydney-based company announced plans to pump local water out of the ground. Residents were furious about the possibility of an outside company taking local water, trucking ip to Sydney for bottling, and then selling it back to them. The town is still fighting the company's proposal in court. (5)Then in March, Huw Kingston, who owns the town's cafe and bike shop, decided that if the town was so opposed to hosting a water bottling company , it should also ban the end product, or in other words, bottled water. To prevent damaging the town's businesses that sell bottled water, Kingston suggested they instead sell bottles that could be used again and again, for the same price. Residents would be able to fill the bottles for free at public water tank, or pay a small fee to fill them with local water in the town's shops. (6)Over 300 people voted on the ban. This was the biggest assembly ever for a town meeting. Only two people voted against the proposal. One of them said he was worried that banning bottled water would encourage people to consume more sweet drinks. The other was Geoff Parker, direct of the Australasian Bottled Water Institute, which represents the bottled water industry. Parker attacked the ban as unfair and ineffective. He said that the bottled water industry is a leader in finding ways to reduce human impact on the environment, and also that the ban reduces consumer choice. “To take away the consumer's right to choose the healthiest drink option goes against common sense,” he stated. (7)But tap water is just as good as the water you find bottled in plastic, said the campaign organiser Jon Dee, who serves as director of the Australian environment group “Do Something!”. "We're hoping this ban will make people remember the days when we did not have bottled water," he said
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東大の1981年の入試問題からの質問です。 The way people act is conditioned by the social custom of their day and age --- even the way they think and feel with what one might call their outer layers. To take a very simple and obvious example: The men of the first Elizabethan age (and, Heaven knows, they were a tough enough lot!) cried easily and without shame in public. The rising generation of this second Elizabethan age are returning to much the same feeling, that one's emotions are not for hiding; but the men of my generation, my father's and grandfather's, were so conditioned in their extreme youth to the idea that men simply didn't, that by the time they were fifteen or sixteen they couldn't, even in private, except for such things as the death of a wife or child.But that's not to say that they feel, or felt, any less about the things they would have cried about, four hundred years ago. この英文の初めのセンテンスの後半部“even the way they think and feel with what one might call their outer layers.”の訳ですが、「いわゆる外層というものでの考え方や感じ方でさえ」と訳されているものと「人の思考や感覚でさえ、いわば外層に覆われているのである」と訳されているものがありました。どちらが正しいのでしょうか？ 宜しくお願いします。
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The Safety of GM Foods Dou you think genetically modified food is safe enough to eat? A number of critics believe that GM foods have been not tested enough and that they must be re-tested to make sure they are not a risk to our health.Some studies suggest that GM foods may be harmful and dangerous to our health. Scientists have discovered in a laboratory experiment that rats fed with GM corn have toxins in their kidneys and liver. More importantly, the same kind of corn has already been approved for use as food for humans in the United States. Another discovery about GM foods suggests that people may have an allergic reaction to the genes which have been newly introduced.For example,scientists were thinking about introducing a gene from Brazil nuts into soybeans. Due to this GM technology,new allergens could be created, and people who have allergies can have a serious allergic reaction to the products made with the GM soybeans. A study indicates that more than 12 million Americans,about 4% of the population, have food allergies. They may have serious allergies,even anaphylactic shock if they eat foods with allergens. This severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) may cause difficulty breathing and shock, ultimately leading to death.
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英文の訳をお願いします! A similar movement can be seen in other countries,too.In Australia, the native Aborigines are trying to preserve their languages and cultures. They have been discriminated against in society for a long time and the speakers of their native tongues are rapidly decreasing in numaer. A group of Aborigines have established a small publishing company. The reason is that they want to maintain their native tongue. This is also the case with the Ainu in Japan. Once the Ainu were not allowed to speak their native tongue or live in their traditional way. As a result, their language and culture were dying out. In order to preserve them, the Ainu have begun to teach their native tongue to their children and have built some museums of Ainu folk art. They have also started an Ainu speech contest and a conversation program in the Ainu language on the radio. よろしくお願いします!
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For example, it was thought that most children would learn to read naturally if they were in an environment with lots of books and were （allowed） to develop reading skills in their own way. 上の文のallowedのところに、なぜsucceededを入れてはいけないのですか？？
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We don't know for sure when a series of weights and measures based on accurate units appeared instead of the rough measurements of the earlies times.We know that the ancient Egyptians had such a system and that similar system were used in other ancient countries.Unfortunately, different regions adopted different measures.When the Romans established their empire, they decided to set up a series of units that would be the same all over the empire.As a result, many features of customary systems in use in modern times reflect the Roman system.For example, 'lb.' is short for the Latin libra or pound.
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how we got here perry's display of american technology and weaponry was succesful in opening japan, and during the first three decades of the meiji period the U.S. served as a model for japanese modernization, but it was never an equal relationship. americans were the teachers and were more than happy in their role, teaching the japanese everything from english to baseball to military strategy. they believed that God had given them the best country and the best civiliza-tion in the word, and that their duty was to spread their culture to others.
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アドバイスありがとうございます！！ とても参考になりました。 英語がとても苦手なので良くできてるって 言ってもらえてうれしかったです！！ ありがとうございました！！