German Attack on Forts in Belgium

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  • On 1 October, the German attack began on Forts Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Walem, and the Bosbeek and Dorpveld redoubts by the 5th Reserve and Marine divisions.
  • The Belgian commanders ordered the left flank of the army to withdraw to another line of defense north of the Nete, which covered the gap in the outer defenses and kept the city out of range of German super-heavy artillery.
  • The Belgian defenses in the 3rd Sector were gradually captured by the Germans, leading to the evacuation or surrender of the remaining defenses.
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On 1 October the German attack began on Forts Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Walem and the Bosbeek and Dorpveld redoubts by the 5th Reserve and Marine divisions. By 11:00 a.m. Fort Walem was severely damaged, Fort Lier had been hit by a 16-inch (410 mm) shell, Fort Koningshooikt and the Tallabert and Bosbeek redoubts were mostly intact and the intervening ground between Fort Sint-Katelijne-Waver and Dorpveld redoubt had been captured. A counter-attack had failed and the 4th Division had been reduced to 4,800 infantry. The Belgian commanders ordered the left flank of the army to withdraw to another line of defence north of the Nete, which covered the gap in the outer defences and kept the city out of range of German super-heavy artillery. Proclamations warning the inhabitants that King Albert I and his Government would leave Antwerp, were put up during the day. Fort Sint-Katelijne-Waver and Dorpveld redoubt were taken during the night of 1/2 October but Walem and the Bosbeek redoubt were not captured until the afternoon of 2 October, after every available German gun was used to bombard them. German bombardment of gun emplacements, destruction of magazines and the exhaustion of Belgian ammunition led to Forts Walem and Koningshooikt falling to the Germans and the evacuation or surrender of the remaining defences in the 3rd Sector except for the Duffel redoubt. The Belgian 2nd Division at the east sde of the 3rd Sector, began to retire across the Nete at noon and an hour later the 1st Division began to withdraw to an unfinished intermediate position, from Rumst 2 miles (3.2 km) north-west of Fort Walem to Duffel and Lisp, 1-mile (1.6 km) above Lier, which had bridgeheads at Duffel, Anderstad and Lier. The 2nd Division was relieved by the 5th Division and went into reserve. No attempt was made by the Germans to pursue during the retirements, despite the inundations on the south bank of the Nete being only 8–12 inches (200–300 mm) deep and patrols reported that no attempt had been made to cut the line of retreat from Antwerp. The Duffel redoubt was evacuated on 3 October after the garrison ran out of ammunition and German artillery-fire was switched to Fort Kessel on the flank of the break-in. Next day German super-heavy guns began to bombard the fort, which forced the garrison to abandon the fort and German preparations for an attack on the line of the Nete were made, opposite Lier at the junction of the Grote and Kleine Nete and Duffel. The Royal Marine Brigade arrived opposite Lier in requisitioned London buses on 4 October and occupied a position around the northern fringe of Lier, which turned out to be sections of a shallow trench between hedgerows, with one strand of wire in front. Some skirmishing took place in the town and the position was bombarded by German artillery, against which the British had no reply except from an armoured train. German attacks between the Grote and Kleine Nete forced back the defenders and crossed the Dender; attempts were made to cross the Scheldt at Schoonaarde and Dendermonde.

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＞On 1 October the German ～ had been captured. ⇒10月1日、第5予備師団と海兵師団によってフォート・シント‐カテリネ‐ウェイバー砦、ワレム、ボスベーク、ドルプフェルト各要塞に対するドイツ軍の攻撃が始まった。午前11時までに、ワレムは深刻な被害を受け、リエール砦は16インチ（410ミリ）砲弾に見舞われ、コニングショイクト砦、タラベール要塞、ボスベーク要塞はほとんど損なわれなかったが、シント‐カテリネ‐ウェイバー砦とドルプフェルド要塞は攻略された。 ＞A counter-attack had failed ～ during the day. ⇒反撃は失敗し、第4師団は歩兵隊員4,800人に減少した。ベルギー軍の指揮官らは、ネテ北の別の防衛線に撤退するよう方面軍の左側面隊に命じ、それによって外側の防御隊の隙間を埋め、市をドイツ軍の超重砲の範囲外に保った。アルバートI世王と彼の政府はアントワープを去ることになるだろう、と住民に警告する宣言が日中に出された。 ＞Fort Sint-Katelijne-Waver ～ for the Duffel redoubt. ⇒シント‐カテリネ‐ウェイバー砦とドルプフェルド要塞は10月1/2日の夜の間に奪われたが、ワレム要塞とボスベーク要塞は、ドイツ軍の利用可能なすべての砲撃を受けてもなお10月2日の午後までは攻略されなかった。ドイツ軍の砲撃、弾薬庫の破壊、ベルギー軍の弾薬の枯渇は、ワレム砦とコニングショイクト砦のドイツ軍に対する陥落と、ドゥフェル要塞を除く第3地区の残りの防御隊の撤退または降伏につながった。 ＞The Belgian 2nd Division ～ went into reserve. ⇒第3地区東側にあるベルギー軍の第2師団は正午にネテを越えて退却し始め、1時間後、第1師団が未完成の中間陣地へ、ワレム砦の北西2マイル（3.2キロ）のルムストからリエールの1.6キロ（1マイル）上流のドゥフェルやリスプへ退却し始めた。ドゥフェル、アンデルシュタッド、リエールには橋頭堡があったからである。第2師団は第5師団によって救援を受けて予備隊に編入された。 ※この段落、構文の取り違えがあるかも知れません。その節はどうぞ悪しからず。 ＞No attempt was made ～ Kleine Nete and Duffel. ⇒ネトの南岸の浸水量はわずか8～12インチ（200～300ミリ）であるが、アントワープからの退却線を切断する試みは行われなかったとパトロール隊が報告しているにもかかわらず、退去中、ドイツ軍による追跡の試みも行われなかった。10月3日に守備隊が弾薬を使い果たし、ドイツ軍の砲兵射撃が侵入側面のケッセル砦に切り替えられた後、ドゥフェル要塞は10月3日に明け渡された。翌日、ドイツの超重砲が砦を砲撃し始めると、守備隊は砦を捨てざるを得なくなり、ドイツ軍はグロテとクライネ・ネテとドゥフェルの合流点にあるリエルの向かい側でネテ戦線攻撃の準備を行った。 ＞The Royal Marine Brigade ～ at Schoonaarde and Dendermonde. ⇒英国海軍旅団は、10月4日に要請されたロンドンのバスでリエールの反対側に到着し、リエールの北面周辺の陣地を占めたが、そこは前線のつながりの小一部で、低木叢の間の浅い塹壕の地区であることが判明した。町で小競り合いが起こり、その陣地がドイツ軍の砲兵によって砲撃され、それに対して英国軍は装甲列車からの対応を除けば、それ以外からの応報はできなかった。グローテとクライネ・ネテの間のドイツ軍の攻撃は守備隊を押し戻してデンデルを越え、ショーナードとデンデルモンド（の２か所）でシェルトを越える試みがなされた。

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    In the XVII Corps area, the French captured Bois Noir. The 34th Division on the right of VIII Corps, failed to take a small wooded height on the left, south-east of Mont Cornillet and on the night of 20/21 April, detachments of the 169th Division entered two trenches west of the Cornillet redoubt and reached an observation post, from where they were repulsed by German counter-attacks but managed to prevent an attempt to outflank Mont Cornillet from the west. By dark on 20 April, parts of the Moronvilliers Hills had been captured but had not been outflanked at either end. On the right, the French had reached the summit of Le Téton and were just below the crest of Le Casque. Further west, the French had a tenuous hold on the two summits of Mont Haut, had consolidated the top of Mont Blond and gained a foothold on Mont Cornillet. On the western flank, the French had been repulsed west of the Thuizy–Nauroy road. On 21 and 22 April, fighting for the redoubt and the observation posts continued and on 21 April, the Legionnaires, on the right flank of the Moroccan Division, stormed the German defences in front of the Main Boyau. The French alleged that German troops had feigned surrender, while hiding hand grenades in their raised hands, after which the Germans were all killed. The Main Boyau was entered, which made the redoubt south of Vaudesincourt untenable, which was captured with the 75th Territorial Regiment and part of the 185th Territorial Brigade on 22 April.

  • 次の英文を訳して下さい。

    After a shell explosion, the commander of Fort de Boussois was evacuated with shell shock; during the night of 31/31 August, the morale of the garrison collapsed and the men fled to Maubeuge, some claiming that the fort had been captured. Had the Germans realised that Fort de Boussois was undefended and rushed in, the remaining defences of the Entrenched Position would have become untenable. Fournier sent immediately a battalion of the 145th Infantry Regiment to reoccupy Fort de Boussois, which managed to reoccupy the fort before the Germans realised. On 31 August, Fournier appointed Captain Tarubal, an engineer officer, to hold Fort de Boussois with the 11th Company of Territorial Engineers. Fournier had received information from civilians that the German siege guns had been established in the Erquelines quarries and behind the villages of Grand Reng, Vieux Reng and Rouveroy. A big sortie by the general reserve was planned to destroy the German batteries. Fournier ordered that two Territorial battalions were to cover the flanks of the general reserve, one facing Villers Sire Nicole and the other south of the Sambre towards Ferme Watissart. Two columns were to advance in the centre, the 31st Colonial Infantry Regiment on Vieux Reng and the 145th Infantry Regiment on the Erquelines sand quarries. The commander of the reserve passed on the orders from Fournier but neglected to nominate an axis of advance, which led to uncoordinated attacks and in the rush there was insufficient liaison between the infantry and the fortress artillery. The 31st Colonial Infantry Regiment advanced quickly into a deluge of artillery and machine-gun fire and reached the fringe of Vieux Reng. Units moving up in support joined the survivors but they were pinned down by machine-gun fire from the houses. Germans were rushed to the threatened area and eventually the French were forced to retreat. The 345th Reserve Infantry Regiment attacked as the Colonials retreated but was also pushed back, ending the attack on the left flank. On the right flank, the 145th Infantry Regiment failed to get across the Vieux Reng–Marpent road. The commanders of the columns ordered a general retreat, the sortie being a bloody failure. The German artillery firing on the French attackers resumed the bombardment of the fortifications and the town. A huge bombardment began on the defences of the third sector from Fort de Cerfontaine to the Sambre. At Fort de Cerfontaine a 420 mm shell pierced the earth cover and detonated in a shelter where sixty troops had just taken cover. The men not killed by falling masonry were choked by the exhaust gases of the exploding shell.

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