The Role of Prince Asaka in the Nanjing Massacre
- Prince Yasuhiko Asaka was singled out for censure by Hirohito and was assigned to Nanjing as an opportunity to make amends. However, Asaka's role in the ensuing massacre was not acknowledged by Hirohito.
- Prince Asaka arrived in Nanjing and was informed by division commanders that the Japanese troops had nearly surrounded 300,000 Chinese troops. It is alleged that Asaka issued an order to 'kill all captives', providing official sanction for the crimes committed during the battle.
- The extent of Prince Asaka's responsibility for the massacre is a matter of debate. However, Emperor Hirohito ratified the Japanese army's proposition to remove the constraints of international law on the treatment of Chinese prisoners, ultimately sanctioning the massacre.
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以下の英文についてお尋ねします。Nanjin3-2
※1 In a memorandum for the palace rolls, Hirohito singled Prince Yasuhiko Asaka out for censure as the one imperial kinsman whose attitude was "not good". He assigned Asaka to Nanjing as an opportunity to make amends. It appears that Hirohito had never learned about, or had refused to admit, Asaka's role in the ensuing massacre. On December 5, Asaka left Tokyo by plane and arrived at the front three days later. He met with division commanders, lieutenant-generals Kesago Nakajima and Heisuke Yanagawa, who informed him that the Japanese troops had almost completely surrounded 300,000 Chinese troops in the vicinity of Nanjing and that preliminary negotiations suggested that the Chinese were ready to surrender. Prince Asaka is alleged to have issued an order to "kill all captives", thus providing official sanction for the crimes which took place during and after the battle. Some authors record that Prince Asaka signed the order for Japanese soldiers in Nanking to "kill all captives". Others assert that lieutenant colonel Isamu Chō, Asaka's aide-de-camp, sent this order under the Prince's sign manual without the Prince's knowledge or assent. Nevertheless, even if Chō took the initiative, Asaka was nominally the officer in charge and gave no orders to stop the carnage. When General Matsui arrived four days after it had begun, he issued strict orders that resulted in its eventual end.[citation needed] ※2 While the extent of Prince Asaka's responsibility for the massacre remains a matter of debate, the ultimate sanction for the massacre and the crimes committed during the invasion of China were issued in Emperor Hirohito's ratification of the Japanese army's proposition to remove the constraints of international law on the treatment of Chinese prisoners on August 5, 19. ※1 singled Prince Yasuhiko Asaka out ~の部分のですが、「非難の的に態度が悪い一皇族者として～を選び出した」のような意訳を用例参照で試訳したのですが、後のIt appears~と意味が合わなくなるのではと考え、構文及び試訳を頂ければ幸いです。また, thus providing ～の部分が構文がうまく掴めずにいるので試訳を含め説明いただければ幸いです。そして its eventual endのitsはthe carnage を指し、「終局の終わりををもたらす命令を発した」との理解でよろしいでしょうか？ ※2 While～は一方でと対比を表し、主節部分は「根本的なに対する裁可は～を排除する帝国陸軍の提案への裕仁天皇の承認により発せられた」のように試訳したのですがこのような理解でよろしいでしょうか？ 長文ですが宜しくお願いします。
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> In a memorandum for the palace rolls, Hirohito singled Prince Yasuhiko Asaka out for censure as the one imperial kinsman whose attitude was "not good". 天皇裕仁は、皇族への通達の中で、素行の良くない皇族として朝香鳩彦の名前だけをあげて問題視した。 > He assigned Asaka to Nanjing as an opportunity to make amends 天皇は、朝香宮に素行の悪さの償いをする機会を与えるために、南京に赴任させた。 > It appears that Hirohito had never learned about, or had refused to admit, Asaka's role in the ensuing massacre. 天皇裕仁は、朝香宮を南京に赴任させた結果として大虐殺が引き起こされたのだということを知らなかったか、あるいは認めることを拒んだかのように思われる。 * It appears と意味が合わないというのがどういうことなのか、それが分かりません。解釈としては、正確さに自信があるわけではないですが、おおよそ上のような感じかと思います。 > Prince Asaka is alleged to have issued an order to "kill all captives", thus providing official sanction for the crimes which took place during and after the battle. 朝香宮は "捕虜全員" を殺害せよという命令を発したとされる。その結果、戦闘中のみならず戦闘が終わった後にも、犯罪行為を行ってよいという公式の認可を与えることになったのである。 * providing は現在分詞。Prince Asaka is alleged to have issued an order to "kill all captives" providing official sanction for ... という文として読むといいかと思います。すなわち、結果を表す分詞構文として読めばいいのではないかと思います。 * after it had begun と in its eventual end の it はどちらも the carnage のことだと取れます。 > ... were issued in Emperor Hirohito's ratification of the Japanese army's proposition to remove the constraints of international law on the treatment of Chinese prisoners ... ・・・ は、中国人捕虜の扱いについて、日本陸軍が国際法の制約を無視する提案を行い、それを天皇裕仁が認可した結果である * 長いので割愛しましたが、konan3939 さんの解釈で問題ないかと思います。
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回答ありがとうございます。非常にわかりやすいのですが、何点か再質問させて頂きます。 Hirohito singled Prince Yasuhiko Asaka out for censure as the one imperial kinsman whose attitude was "not good". single someone out for condemnation＝～ のみを糾弾するsingle someone out for failuare taxes＝申告漏れを～に指摘するなどの用法がありますが、ここのfor censureはどのように解釈すればよいでしょうか？意訳を頂いたママと言われればそうなのですが、「朝香鳩彦の名前だけをあげて問題視した。」というのが少し解釈しきれずにいます。 よろしくお願いします。