ワールドワー2の原因となった

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  • 1914年にオーストリア＝ハンガリー帝国の皇太子フランツ・フェルディナントが暗殺され、オーストリアはセルビアに対して宣戦布告した。
  • この事件をきっかけに、オーストリア、ドイツ、ロシア、フランス、イギリスなどの国々が関与し、数ヶ月後に第一次世界大戦が勃発した。
  • ヨーロッパ各国の関係が緊張を高め、軍事的な動員が行われるなど、世界各国に波及する事態となった。
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日本語訳をお願いいたします。

The assassination led to a month of diplomatic manoeuvring between Austria-Hungary, Germany, Russia, France, and Britain called the July Crisis. Believing correctly that Serbian officials (especially the officers of the Black Hand) were involved in the plot to murder the Archduke, and wanting to finally end Serbian interference in Bosnia, Austria-Hungary delivered to Serbia on 23 July the July Ultimatum, a series of ten demands that were made intentionally unacceptable, in an effort to provoke a war with Serbia. The next day, after the Council of Ministers of Russia was held under the chairmanship of the Tsar at Krasnoe Selo, Russia ordered general mobilization for Odessa, Kiev, Kazan and Moscow military districts and fleets of the Baltic and the Black Sea. They also asked for other regions to accelerate preparations for general mobilization. Serbia decreed general mobilization on the 25th and that night, declared that they accepted all the terms of the ultimatum, except article six, which demanded that Austrian delegates be allowed in Serbia for the purpose of participation in the investigation into the assassination. Following this, Austria broke off diplomatic relations with Serbia, and the next day ordered a partial mobilization. Finally, on 28 July 1914, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. On 29 July, Russia, in support of its Serb protégé, unilaterally declared – outside of the conciliation procedure provided by the Franco-Russian military agreements – partial mobilization against Austria-Hungary. German Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg was then allowed until the 31st for an appropriate response. On the 30th, Russia ordered general mobilization against Germany. In response, the following day, Germany declared a "state of danger of war." This also led to the general mobilization in Austria-Hungary on 4 August. Kaiser Wilhelm II asked his cousin, Tsar Nicolas II, to suspend the Russian general mobilization. When he refused, Germany issued an ultimatum demanding the arrest of its mobilization and commitment not to support Serbia. Another was sent to France, asking her not to support Russia if it were to come to the defence of Serbia. On 1 August, after the Russian response, Germany mobilized and declared war on Russia.

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  • xyz37005
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回答No.1

この暗殺は、7月の危機と呼ばれる、オーストリア - ハンガリー、ドイツ、ロシア、フランス、英国間の外交作戦の1ヶ月につながった。セルビアの当局者（特にブラック・ハンドの役人）が大公を殺害する計画に関与し、ボスニアへのセルビア人の干渉を最終的に終わらせたいと正しく信じている、オーストリア - ハンガリーは7月23日にセルビアに渡した。セルビアとの戦争を誘発するために意図的に容認できないようにされた10の要求。翌日、ロシア大臣評議会がKrasnoe SeloのTsar議長の下で開催された後、ロシアは、オデッサ、キエフ、カザン、モスクワの軍事地区とバルト海と黒海の艦隊に一般的な動員を命じた。また、他の地域にも一般動員の準備を加速するよう求めた。セルビアは25日とその夜、一般的な動員を命じ、最終的な条項をすべて受け入れると宣言した。第6条では、オーストリアの代表者がセルビアで暗殺の調査に参加することを許可されることを要求した。その後、オーストリアはセルビアとの外交関係を断ち切り、翌日、部分的な動員を命じた。最後に、1914年7月28日、オーストリア - ハンガリーはセルビア戦争を宣言した。 7月29日、ロシアは、セルビア人の抗議活動を支援するため、フランコ・ロシアの軍事協定に規定された調停手続の外に、オーストリア・ハンガリーに対する部分的な動員を一方的に宣言した。適切な対応のためにドイツ首相ベスマン・ホルブルクが第31日まで許可された。 30日、ロシアはドイツに対して一般的な動員を命じた。これに対応して、翌日、ドイツは「戦争の危険の状態」を宣言した。これはまた、8月4日にハンガリーのオーストリアで一般的な動員につながった。カイザー・ヴィルヘルム2世は、彼のいとこ、ツァール・ニコラス2世に、ロシアの一般的動員を中止するように頼んだ。彼が拒否したとき、ドイツは、セルビアを支持しない同盟の拘束と拘束の逮捕を要求する最終的な判決を出した。もう一つはフランスに送られ、セルビアの防衛に来るのであればロシアを支援しないよう頼んだ。ロシアの対応後、8月1日、ドイツはロシアとの戦争を宣言し、宣言した。

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