The Impact of Hispanic Immigration on the US Economy

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  • The tide of Hispanic immigration has similarities to past European waves, but with important differences.
  • The new immigrants largely behave in positive ways, valuing education and family, and contributing to the economy.
  • Both unskilled and high-skilled immigrants are needed for the future economy as the population ages.
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移民の話です。長文ですが、記事の翻訳お願いします。

The tide of Hispanic immigration today has similar roots, with two important differences: The European waves were legal, and immigration from the south of America, especially Mexico, is mainly illegal. The numbers are also on a wholly different scale from the immigration of the 20s and 30s. These factors understandably raise apprehensions, but so far the evidence shows that the new immigrants largely behave in positive ways similar to their predecessors. They are family oriented, they value education, and their children are learning English. Over time, they are intermarrying among growing numbers of other ethnic groups. They are people of faith. They are energetic, looking to move up in life through better jobs-they work hard and for long hours. In fact they often take jobs many Americans simply no longer wish to do. By and large the most recent surge of immigrants is made up of people who are young and mobile and who work in the least desired sectors of the U.S. economy-such as agriculture and service industries-for relatively low pay. If these immigrants weren't here, this kind of work would have to be done by more skilled Americans, and they would only do it for much more money-which could be seen as a cause of inflation and a misuse of skills. There was a very different situation in the 1960s. Then, half of all American men dropped out of high school to look for unskilled work. Today only about 10 percent of white males leave high school for a job, and high school graduates simply won't take the menial jobs that many immigrants are happy to take on. So for the most part, the new immigrant and the settled American are not competing for the same jobs. Even when they do compete more directly with low-skilled U.S.-born workers, the job preference is different. Immigrants find work in agriculture, while less educated natives often end up in manufacturing. The notion that unskilled immigrants tend to complement rather than replace native Americans is supported by the unusually low unemployment rates of the six states that have the largest influx of illegal immigrants-New York, California, Illinois, Texas, Florida, and Arizona. Millions and millions of new jobs requiring no more than a high school education will have to be filled over the next decade. Who will take them? Not those born in America. Our fertility rates are falling, our education levels rising. The Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that we will have many vacancies for unskilled labor-exactly where the vast majority of immigrants expect to be working. In the California workforce of 2004, among undocumented men ages 18 to 64, more than 90 percent were working, compared with just over 80 percent of native-born men. Illegal immigrants receive virtually no welfare transfers that could sustain them without work. They know that if they're going to be unemployed, they're better off at home in Mexico instead of New York or Chicago. They're here because they want to work. That is one side of the immigration coin. We hear less about the other side—the high-tech immigrants and the value they provide our economy. By some estimates, about a third of Silicon Valley start-ups in the past decade have been founded by Indians or Chinese, who also power the science departments of America's great universities. Yet, we continue to lock out of the U.S. economy some of the world's best and brightest in such fields as medicine, computers, and engineering, forcing them to work abroad where they can develop businesses or work in businesses that compete with us. It doesn't make sense. So looking forward, we will need more rather than less migration at both the low end and the high end of the skill sets. Bear in mind that we are getting older. As the 80 million baby boomers retire, we will have 250 seniors to 1,000 working people in 2010; by 2030, 411 seniors per 1,000. Who will pick up the financial burden in the Social Security system for the aging baby-boomer generation?

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回答No.1

  現在のラテン系移民の波には、二つの相違点を除いて同じようなルーツがある。(その二つとは)ヨロッパからの移民の波は合法であったが、アメリカの南、主としてメキシコからの移民は違法が多い事。また20年代30年代に比べて全然数が違う事である。     このような因子が不安感を募らせるのは分かるが、今までの証拠では、以前の移民同様、新しい移民も、総じて移民先に貢献する行動をとっている。     彼らは家族を大切にし、教育を重視し、子弟は英語を学んでいる。時が経つにつれて、増加している他のエスニック集団と婚姻関係を結んでいる。 彼らは宗教を重んじる。彼らは真面目に長い時間働き、よりよい職に就いて生活向上を目指し、精力的である。     じっさい、アメリカ人がもうやらない仕事を受け持っている事は少なくない。最近の移民のほとんどが動ける(=独身の)若もので、比較的低賃金の農作業やサービス業といった、アメリカ経済でもっとも希望者の少ない分野で、はたらいている。もし彼らのような移民が居なければ、彼らよりスキルがあり、収入が多い場合にのみこういった仕事につくアメリカ人が携わる事になり、インフレーションの原因とスキルの誤用と見られる。     1960年代の事態は非常に違っていた。当時アメリカ人男性の半数は高校を中退し特技を必要としない職についた。現在白人男子の僅か10%が高校を中退して職に就く、高校卒業生は、多くの移民がいやがらない単純作業には手を付けようともしない。 そのため、殆どの場合、新しい移民と地のアメリカ人とが.、同じ仕事の取り合いをする事はない。もし、手に職のないアメリカ生まれの労働者と直接競争する場合でも、(移民とアメリカ人では)好みが異なる。移民は農業関係の職を見いだし、教育のないネイティブは製造部門を選ぶ。    不法移民の多いニューヨーク、カリフォルニア、イリノイ、テキサス、フロリダ、アリゾナ、の六州では、無職人口が、非常に少ない事からも、手に職にない移民が、ネイティブアメリカ人の職を奪うのではなく、相補う事を示唆している。    これから先何十年にわたって高校以上の教育を必要とする何百万と言う職が、満たされなくてはならなくなる。誰がこのような職に就くのか?アメリカに産まれた者ではない。わが出産率は下降しており、教育の水準は上昇している。労働統計局は非熟練者の満たされない職が多数出来る事を予言している。これは移民の大多数が仕事につく場所である。     2004年に置けるカリフォルニアの労働事態は、書類のない(=不法入国の)18歳から64歳までのうち、90%以上が職についていた。これに比べてアメリカで生まれた者の就職率は80%である。不法移民は無職の場合の支えとなる福祉手当を受け取る事は殆ど無い。彼らは、もし職を失ったら、ニューヨークやシカゴに居るよりメキシコに居る方がいい事を知っている。彼らは仕事がしたいからここに居るのだ。     これは、移民と言う貨幣の一面である。もう一つの面、あまり聞かない面は、ハイテク移民で、彼らが我々の経済に与える価値である。ある評価では、過去十年におけるシリコンバレー起業の約三分の一は、アメリカの有力大学の理科系の推進力ともなっている、インドと中国の出資によるとみられている。しかしながら、医学、コンピュータ、工学、などの分野において世界でもっとも優れ、有能な人材をアメリカ経済から閉め出し、事業を伸張しわれわれと競争する起業で働く国外へと追い出している。これは道理に合わない。    将来に目を移せば、スキルの上部でも下部でも、移民の需要が減るどころか、増えるのである。我々は年を取る。8千万のベービーブーマー(=戦後急増人口)が退職すれば、2010年には就労人口1,000人につき250名の退職者、2030年までには1,000人の収入に頼る退職者は411名になる。 老齢のベービーブーマー世代に社会保障機構の経済負担を担うのは誰なのか?

sorara13
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とてもわかりやすい英訳ありがとうございました。 参考になりました。

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