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Analyzing International Movement of Athletes: A Categorization Perspective
- This article discusses the categorization of international movement of athletes from two perspectives: short-term transfer and naturalization in destination countries.
- The categorization has been revised by scholars such as Chiba and Ebihara and Magee and Sugden, who propose new categories like 'Ambitonist', 'Exile', and 'Expelled'.
- Agergaard also highlights the phenomenon of top players moving from European soccer leagues to lower-level North American leagues and emphasizes that salary is not the sole motivation for migration.
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- 英語論文の添削をお願いしたいのですが・・・
以下の文がアカデミックライティングに即して正しいかどなたか添削してください。つたない英文すみません。 The past sports labor migration studies put the cases of international movements of the athletes of various sports aiming at wealth like salaries or scholarships (Bale and Maguire ed., 1994). Expansion of sports from the advanced countries as “core” to the developing countries as “periphery” related to capital and the movement of athletes to the opposite direction comes to the surface here (Magee and Sugden, 2002). In this context, the key factor of sport labor migration often assumed to be the economical one (Maguire and Stead, 1998; Chiba, 2004). In the Migration Studies, however, it is already said that it isn’t enough understanding that international movements of labors arise from simple factor such as acquisition of wealth. The reasons of international flow of people are mixed factors which economic, historic and cultural ties and transformations of social structures of both sending countries and accepting countries were cross-wired (Sassen,1988; Castles and Miller,1993). Sport Labor Migration is transforming its figure in accelerated progress of globalization. The past studies of sport labor migration about soccer (Maguire and Pearton, 2000), rugby football (Chiba and Jackson, 2006) or baseball (Takahashi and Horne, 2006) points out their various factors. Maguire (1996) analyzes movement of ice hockey players and categorizes the sport labor migration into four types; “Pioneers” whose main purpose is the mission of the sport, “Mercenaries” who assume to get money, “Settlers” who settle down in the destination country after retirement, “Nomadic Cosmopolitans” who cross the border with their sport skills, and “Returnees” who identifies their born places as the results of their movements.
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- 英語論文の添削
以下の文が適切な文か添削してください。 Applying the IBL players to flame works of the past sport labor migration studies, all of them can be considered as “Pioneers” because of contribution for diffusion of baseball to Israel as baseball barren (Maguire: 1996). On the other hand, the players who had professional experience participated in this league with a bad hiring condition because they were fired from another league. Considering about this situation, they should be regarded as “up-ward transaction players” (Chiba and Ebihara, 1999). Oppositely, the majority players who only had amateur experience can be seen as “up-ward transaction players” (Chiba and Ebihara, 1999). And they can be seem as “Mercenaries” (Maguire: 1996) because all the players spent two months training camp life in principle during the season and went back to their home countries soon after the tournament. After basing these past studies, this paper classifies the IBL players into four types; “prospect” type as object for development of players and “baseball labor” type as necessary worker for that players development from developing countries, “vacation” type and “ego-seeking” type who participated for self-actualization from developed countries. Then this article illustrates that transformation about flame work of sport labor migration was found in the IBL by verifying some examples.
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- 次の英語が論文として正しいか添削してください。
Eight players moved to other professional leagues from the IBL after 2007 season. The two of these players who challenged the MLB's minor league spring training couldn't make proper contracts with the MLB teams. However, J・D, who had been released from the MLB’s minor league spring traning, contracted to independent continental league team and spent whole season for that team in 2008 season. Another three players had contracted to the MLB as minor league players. However, one of them was released before the opening of regular season. Five players contracted to other professional baseball teams and had played to end at 2008 season. Three Dominicans played for organized minor league team, Mexican professional team and Japanese professional team each. And three Americans, include J・D, contracted to North American independent league teams. One example of “prospect type” is indicated below. Maximo Nelson is Dominican pitcher. He contracted to New York Yankees in 2000 when he was 18 years old and started his professional carrier at baseball academy in domestic. He had played in rookie class Dominican Summer League from 2001 to 2003 then moved to U.S. At this time, his monthly salary of 700 U.S.$ month in the Dominican Republic has doubled. He compiled a good record of 6-5 with an ERA of 2.63 in 12 games with rookie class Gulf Coast Yankees in 2004 season. He was expected further promotion in next season, however, his baseball carrier was dropped to abyss due to a certain scandal.
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It has been begun full-scale regulate because of these movement. EU showed their member nations proposed regulation to prohibited from using disposable plastic products in May. Some restaurant and fast food chain began to change using straw from plastic to paper following these movement. 「こうした動きから本格的な規制の動きも始まっている。欧州連合（EU）は5月に、使い捨てのプラスチック製品を禁じる規制案を加盟国に示した。飲食店やファストフードチェーンがストローをプラスチック製から紙製に切り替え始めたのもこうした動きを踏まえてのことだ。」 こちらの英文を添削して欲しいです。 ちなみに始めの英文はmovementを２回入れるのを避けました。あの英文でも意味は通じるかな？と思ったのですがどうでしょうか？ よろしくお願いします
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Today, when analytics are applied to everything from training athletes to selling deodorant, this would be expected, but in the early 1990s BlackRock was the first and only company to use data in this way. 上記英文中，are applied to everything from training athletes to selling deodorant,をお訳しください。宜しくお願いします。
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- すみませんが英語の添削を御願いします
すみませんが英語の添削を御願いします よろしく御願いします I bought a new ipod touch yesterday. I have been using windows computers and sony's mp3 players so this is my fist time to buy an Apple's product. I got home from shopping and opened the box and then I tried to read an instruction manual as always I do when I get a new product. Jeez! theres was no manual in the box! I thought factory workers must have forgot to put it into the box. Just then, a friend of mine came by my house and said "No, nobody made a mistake. It's normal. That's the way Apple's products are". :-O
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(1)Last week our new ALT came to class for the first time and told us adout his life in the United States. He said he lived in a house with a big swimming pool, which was amazing to me. Such big house, when we are told about them or when we happend to see them, sometimes make us wonder what kind of people live in them. (2)These days it is not so unusual to see may Japanese baseball players playing in the Major Leagues. However, thd fact that many Japanese baseball players, especially those who have good baseball skills, hope to play in thd Major Leagues shows that Japanese baseball leagues are becoming less popular not only for fans but also for players in Japan. (3) Admitting that our opinions are wrong is sometimes hard for us, especially when we are so confident.Then, without asking for opinions from others, we keep believing that we are right. (1)、(2)、(3)の主語と述語動詞を抜き出してください！ お願いします！
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Results Results of the recruitment process The study group were drawn from a population that consisted of 200 predominantly male subjects residing at the ZVAMC NHCU from October 1989 to October 1990. The recruitment period extended from October 1989 to June 100 and the exercise program was conducted from January to October of 1990. The inclusion and exclusion criteria shown in Table 1 were applied to the study population. Independent ambulation, requiring no supervision with or without an assistive device, was a prerequisite for study consideration. Because of this criterion, 112 of the NHCU residents were excluded from the study. Another 60 residents were omitted because of significant illness, dementia, leg amputation or dependence on an assistive device for ambulation. Of the remaining 28 subjects, 5were excluded because they scored above the predetermined cut off point on the Tinetti mobility assessment scale; it was felt these individuals were too functional to derive significant benefit from the intervention program. Of the 23 remaining subjects, 15 provided informed consent. Because of resource and supervisory limitation only three to four individuals could reasonably participate in the exercise sessions at any one time. Consequently, only 12 of the potential 15 subjects were actually able to participate in the study. Six subjects joined the exercise group and six the control group. After completion of the control protocol, four of the control subjects then participated in and completed the exercise protocol. Of the original subjects in the exercise group two were forced to total of eight subjects in the exercise group protocol. Selected characteristics of the subjects are described in Table 2. No significant differences were noted between the initial profiles of the exercise and control groups, although weight, length of stay and number of major diagnoses demonstrated more variability than age, height and number of scheduled medications. Baseline Testing of the Exercise and Control Subhects Baseline data for the participants who completed the study indicated that their initial scores for strength, work capacity and gait were substantially lower than age-specific nomal values recorded in the literature30 31 33.the participants demonstrated deficiencies of 21% for tinetti mobility skills, 62% for gait velocity and 56% for stride length. The exercise and the control groups were not significantly different with regard to their profile of baseline deficiencies in these functional capacities. タイプミスあったらすみません。 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1466871
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Meta review of systematic and meta analytic reviews on movement differences, effect of movement based interventions, and the underlying neural mechanisms in autism spectrum disorder Abstract Purposes: To identify and appraise evidence from published systematic and meta analytic reviews on (1) movement differences of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD); (2) the effects of movement based interventions for ASD; (3) hypothesized underlying neural mechanisms for the movement characteristics. Methods: A meta review of published systematic and meta analytic reviews on movement differences, structural, and functional brain anomalies in ASD and the effects of movement based interventions for individuals with ASD between 1806 and October 2012. The methodological quality of the identified systematic and meta analytic reviews was independently assessed by two assessors with the assessment of multiple systematic reviews (AMSTAR). Results: The search yielded a total of 12 reviews that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The methodological quality of the reviews varied, but the review conclusions were similar. Although individuals with ASD generally perform less well than age-matched controls in developmental movement tasks, there are few exceptions whose movement abilities are intact. Most movement based interventions report their efficacies. However, all existing studies employ the research design that is inherently incapable of providing strong evidence, and they often fail to report the extent of psychosocial interactions within the movement interventions. The hypothesized neural mechanisms are still under development and speculative in nature. Conclusions: It is premature to designate movement disturbance as a core symptom of ASD. The effects of movement based interventions on the present ASD core symptoms need to be further validated by stronger evidence and verified theoretical mechanisms linking ASD with movement disorders.
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- 英文で分からないところがあるので教えてください。
２と４と６と７の英文が正しいかどうか教えてください。１と３と５の日本語の文章をどのように英文にすればいいのか分からないので教えてください。 １．今、日本と韓国でサッカーのワールドカップが開催されています。 ２．日本が、トルコせんで負けたのですごく残念です。 （I'm very very sory,because Japanese team lost Turkish team. ３.でも彼らは、ベスト１６まで進むことができてよく頑張ってくれたと思います。 ４.試合をみに行きたかったのですが、行けなかったので残念です。 (I'm sory that I couldn't go to soccer'ｓ studio.) ５.ところであなたの好きなサッカー選手は、いますか？ ６.もしいたら教えてください。 (If so, please tell me about them.) ７.私が好きなサッカー選手は、Hidetoshi NAKATAとSeigo NARAZAKIとFrancesco TOTTIとDavid BECKHAMです。 (My favorite soccer players are Hidetoshi NAKATA, Seigo NARAZAKI, Francesco TOTTI,David BECKHAM and David BECKHAM.)
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お礼
ありがとうございました。留学経験がないもので、英語には四苦八苦しています。大変参考になりました。